International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses the basic practices of crop production and management including crop types, soil preparation, sowing, fertilizer addition, irrigation, weed removal, harvesting, and storage. It outlines that kharif crops are grown in the rainy season including soybean and paddy, while rabi crops like wheat and gram are grown in winter. The key practices covered are ploughing the soil, sowing seeds, supplying nutrients and water to plants, removing weeds, harvesting mature crops, and storing grains long-term. Traditional and modern tools and techniques are described for each step of crop production.
The document discusses several case studies of villages in remote, drought-prone areas of southern India where NGOs have facilitated various interventions to improve agriculture and livelihoods. In one village, self-help groups were formed which federated at the mandal level and engaged in collective procurement, processing, and marketing of crops. In another village, degraded soils were restored through integrated organic farming approaches including construction of bunds and application of compost. Water bodies were also renovated through watershed programs, increasing surface and groundwater.
Sugarcane seed, process, practices, frameworksPhani Mohan K
Sugarcane seed and Trait development is key component on productivity enhancement of both Sucrose and also Biomass. Under present market dynamics yields of Sugar,Ethanol, and Bagasse availability both for cogen and also 2nd, 3rd generation Ethanol are dependent on the Seed which is of primary Importance.
The Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) aims to address water scarcity issues affecting sugarcane farmers through promoting cultivation practices that use less water and inputs. SSI was developed based on principles of 'more with less' agriculture after studying existing sustainable practices. Initial results from demonstration plots show improved yields compared to conventional methods while using less water. SSI is being scaled up across major sugarcane states in India through partnerships with stakeholders to improve water productivity in the sugar sector and support farmers.
This document discusses various aspects of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) used in organic farming in India. It explains that ITK is traditional knowledge that has been passed down over generations and varies between communities. ITK practices can help organic farming by avoiding synthetic chemicals and maintaining soil health in a sustainable manner. Some specific ITK practices discussed include using fermented coconut milk or mixtures containing goat products as crop growth promoters, using mulches like tree leaves to conserve soil moisture, and using plants like tulsi or neem for pest and disease management. The document provides many examples of traditional practices for different stages of farming from pre-sowing to post-harvest management.
i. Soil preparation involves tilling the soil to loosen and aerate it for plant roots to penetrate deeply. Traditional tools like ploughs and hoes are used for tilling.
ii. Sowing seeds properly at the right depth and spacing is important for optimal plant growth. Traditional and modern seed drills are used to sow seeds uniformly.
iii. Manure and fertilizers are added to replenish soil nutrients removed by continuous cropping, improving soil health and fertility for better crop yields.
Documentation, validation and contemporary relevance of itkDr. Shalini Pandey
This document discusses the documentation, validation, and contemporary relevance of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) related to agriculture and homestead practices in the Kumaon hill region of Uttarakhand, India. It provides background on the importance of ITK for sustainable development and rural livelihoods. The study methodology involved surveying 480 farm families across 6 panchayats in 3 districts to document ITK practices. The practices were then validated by experts and some were experimentally tested. The document aims to preserve valuable local knowledge while promoting practices with scientific backing or potential for wider adoption.
This document provides background information on sugarcane cultivation in India. It discusses how sugarcane originated in India and became an important crop. India is now the second largest producer of sugarcane globally. Sugarcane supports over 35 million farmers and is a large industry worth 30,000 crore rupees. However, average sugarcane yields in India are low at 40 tonnes per hectare. The document outlines the state-wise production and productivity data for sugarcane in India and notes that despite its importance, productivity remains low in many regions.
The document discusses the basic practices of crop production and management including crop types, soil preparation, sowing, fertilizer addition, irrigation, weed removal, harvesting, and storage. It outlines that kharif crops are grown in the rainy season including soybean and paddy, while rabi crops like wheat and gram are grown in winter. The key practices covered are ploughing the soil, sowing seeds, supplying nutrients and water to plants, removing weeds, harvesting mature crops, and storing grains long-term. Traditional and modern tools and techniques are described for each step of crop production.
The document discusses several case studies of villages in remote, drought-prone areas of southern India where NGOs have facilitated various interventions to improve agriculture and livelihoods. In one village, self-help groups were formed which federated at the mandal level and engaged in collective procurement, processing, and marketing of crops. In another village, degraded soils were restored through integrated organic farming approaches including construction of bunds and application of compost. Water bodies were also renovated through watershed programs, increasing surface and groundwater.
Sugarcane seed, process, practices, frameworksPhani Mohan K
Sugarcane seed and Trait development is key component on productivity enhancement of both Sucrose and also Biomass. Under present market dynamics yields of Sugar,Ethanol, and Bagasse availability both for cogen and also 2nd, 3rd generation Ethanol are dependent on the Seed which is of primary Importance.
The Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) aims to address water scarcity issues affecting sugarcane farmers through promoting cultivation practices that use less water and inputs. SSI was developed based on principles of 'more with less' agriculture after studying existing sustainable practices. Initial results from demonstration plots show improved yields compared to conventional methods while using less water. SSI is being scaled up across major sugarcane states in India through partnerships with stakeholders to improve water productivity in the sugar sector and support farmers.
This document discusses various aspects of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) used in organic farming in India. It explains that ITK is traditional knowledge that has been passed down over generations and varies between communities. ITK practices can help organic farming by avoiding synthetic chemicals and maintaining soil health in a sustainable manner. Some specific ITK practices discussed include using fermented coconut milk or mixtures containing goat products as crop growth promoters, using mulches like tree leaves to conserve soil moisture, and using plants like tulsi or neem for pest and disease management. The document provides many examples of traditional practices for different stages of farming from pre-sowing to post-harvest management.
i. Soil preparation involves tilling the soil to loosen and aerate it for plant roots to penetrate deeply. Traditional tools like ploughs and hoes are used for tilling.
ii. Sowing seeds properly at the right depth and spacing is important for optimal plant growth. Traditional and modern seed drills are used to sow seeds uniformly.
iii. Manure and fertilizers are added to replenish soil nutrients removed by continuous cropping, improving soil health and fertility for better crop yields.
Documentation, validation and contemporary relevance of itkDr. Shalini Pandey
This document discusses the documentation, validation, and contemporary relevance of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) related to agriculture and homestead practices in the Kumaon hill region of Uttarakhand, India. It provides background on the importance of ITK for sustainable development and rural livelihoods. The study methodology involved surveying 480 farm families across 6 panchayats in 3 districts to document ITK practices. The practices were then validated by experts and some were experimentally tested. The document aims to preserve valuable local knowledge while promoting practices with scientific backing or potential for wider adoption.
This document provides background information on sugarcane cultivation in India. It discusses how sugarcane originated in India and became an important crop. India is now the second largest producer of sugarcane globally. Sugarcane supports over 35 million farmers and is a large industry worth 30,000 crore rupees. However, average sugarcane yields in India are low at 40 tonnes per hectare. The document outlines the state-wise production and productivity data for sugarcane in India and notes that despite its importance, productivity remains low in many regions.
crop production and management power point production sajeevnv
This document provides information about crop production. It begins by defining crop production as dealing with growing crops for food and fiber. It then lists the main categories of crops as food crops, cash crops, plantation crops, and horticulture crops. Examples are given for each category. The document also discusses the key methods of crop production, including soil preparation, sowing, adding manure/fertilizers, irrigation, weed protection, harvesting, and storage. Details are provided about each step in the crop production process.
This document discusses crop production and management. It defines a crop as plants of the same kind grown and cultivated together. Crops are categorized as either kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season, or rabi crops, which are grown during the winter. The basic practices of crop production include preparing the soil, sowing seeds, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weed removal, harvesting, and storage. Proper crop management is important to ensure optimal growth and yield.
Crops are plants that are grown and cultivated on a large scale. There are two main types of crops in India: kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season from June to September (e.g. rice, corn, soybeans); and rabi crops, which are grown during winter from October to March (e.g. wheat, lentils, mustard). Crop production involves several steps including preparing the soil, sowing seeds, adding fertilizers, irrigating, removing weeds, harvesting, and storing. Modern tools like tractors, seed drills, and irrigation systems help farmers work more efficiently.
This document discusses the basics of crop production and management. It explains that early humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers but later learned to cultivate crops and engage in agriculture. The two main types of crops grown in India are kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season from June to September, and rabi crops, which are grown from October to March. The basic practices of crop production include soil preparation, sowing, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weed protection, harvesting, and storage.
Presenter: A. Satyanarayana
Presented at: 1st National SRI Symposium
Institution: Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
Subject Country: Tamil Nadu, India
Food provides nutrients that are essential for life and growth. It obtains energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Food fuels metabolic activities, supports growth and development, and aids tissue repair. Major food sources include cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables. Common crops are wheat, rice, maize, bajra, pigeon pea, urad, lentils, soybean, groundnut, and fruits/vegetables. Proper crop production practices involve soil preparation, sowing, fertilizer/manure application, irrigation, weed removal and pest/disease control. Sustainable agriculture aims to continue crop production without harming resources and can be achieved through mixed farming, crop rotation and
crop production and management class 8 sciencealisha kaur
There are two types of crops - kharif crops which are sown during the rainy season like rice, corn, and soybeans, and rabi crops which are grown during winter like wheat, peas, and mustard. The basic practices of crop production include preparing soil, sowing seeds, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigating, removing weeds, harvesting, and storing crops. Seeds are sown by hand or using a seed drill for even spacing in rows. Manure provides organic matter to soil while fertilizers are manufactured chemicals that do not provide humus. Water is supplied through irrigation using sources like rivers, wells, and pumps. Weeds are removed through pulling, troweling, or
Gobind was a farmer in 1960 with 2.25 hectares of largely unirrigated land that he cultivated with his three sons. After Gobind's death, the land was divided among his sons, leaving each with only 0.75 hectare, which is not enough for them to make a living from. Savita is a small farmer who needs a loan to purchase supplies, but must borrow from a larger farmer at a high interest rate of 24% and promise additional work during harvesting season at a low wage. Mishrilal has set up a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine to process sugarcane into jaggery, which he sells for a small profit. Kareem has opened a computer
This document discusses crop production and management techniques. It explains that manure and fertilizers are added to soil to provide nutrients for plant growth. Some examples of fertilizers include urea and ammonium sulfate, while examples of manure include cattle dung and plant residue. The document then discusses various irrigation methods like traditional well irrigation as well as modern techniques like sprinkler and drip irrigation. It also covers weed control, harvesting, threshing, winnowing, grain storage, and animal husbandry.
This document provides information on various agricultural practices. It discusses the seven main practices of crop production: soil preparation through ploughing and levelling, sowing seeds, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weed removal, harvesting, and storage. It also describes traditional and modern irrigation methods, the importance of weeding, and the differences between organic manure and chemical fertilizers. The overall document serves as a guide to the basic steps and considerations in crop cultivation.
The document discusses the key steps in agricultural practices:
1) Preparation of soil by tilling and adding manure/fertilizers.
2) Sowing seeds using traditional tools or seed drills.
3) Irrigating crops from sources like wells, ponds, and canals using traditional or modern methods.
4) Protecting crops from weeds by manual removal or chemical weedicides.
The document discusses different types of agriculture practiced in India. It describes primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, commercial farming, and plantation farming. It also discusses major crops grown in India like rice, millets, cotton, and coffee. Agricultural development aims to increase farm production to meet population growth through expanding cropped area, irrigation, use of fertilizers and high-yielding seeds, and farm mechanization. The ultimate goal is increased food security. Farming in India has a long history and India ranks second worldwide in agricultural output. In the US, agriculture is a major industry and the country exports food, with over 2 million farms covering over 900 million acres.
The document discusses various steps involved in crop production, including:
- Crops are classified as kharif (monsoon) or rabi (winter) depending on the season they are grown. Common kharif crops include rice and cotton, while common rabi crops include wheat and mustard.
- Tools used in crop production include the plough, hoe, seed drill, and harvester. The plough is used for tilling soil, the seed drill sows seeds uniformly, and machines like the combine harvester are now used to harvest crops.
- Other processes include applying fertilizers and manure, irrigating crops, controlling weeds, drying and storing harvested crops, and celebrating harvest festivals
Class 8 science chapter 1 Crop Production and ManagementDadon Dasar
This document discusses crop production and management practices. It defines a crop as a cultivated plant grown commercially on a large scale, like wheat, maize, cabbage, apples and grapes. Crops are categorized into kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season from June to September, like paddy and soybean, and rabi crops, which are grown in winter, like wheat and gram. The seven main agricultural practices are: 1) soil preparation through tilling, 2) sowing seeds using traditional funnels or modern seed drills, 3) adding manure and fertilizers, 4) irrigation through sprinklers or drip systems, 5) weed control through tilling or weedicides, 6)
Esek Farmers Co-operative Society in Zambia conducted its first harvest trial of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. The co-op was established in 2002 and has 12 members. For the trial, they selected land with clay-loam soil and constructed terraces. They transplanted local rice varieties at a low density with young seedlings and provided intermittent irrigation from a constructed dam. The SRI harvest yielded 96 kg of rice from a 156.25 square meter field, equivalent to a high yield of 6.144 tons per hectare compared to the usual 1-2 tons per hectare in the province.
CBSE Class 8 / VIII General Ccience Power Point Presentation
Prepared By
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
The document summarizes work done on farming and livelihood opportunities in Mpowered Village, including objectives, study area, methodology, and key activities. It discusses interventions like promoting drip irrigation and mushroom cultivation to increase farmers' incomes. Drip irrigation was installed on two plots, with findings that villagers lacked knowledge about the method. Mushroom cultivation was demonstrated at a community center, but villagers also lacked knowledge about this. The document recommends training villagers in best agriculture practices to help adoption and increase incomes through sustainable interventions.
Crop farming is currently the second most important economic activity in Somaliland, after livestock, with up to 20-25% of the population depending on it for their livelihoods. It is currently underdeveloped but offers considerable potential, both in cereal and horticultural production. The production system is predominantly subsistence in nature. The principal cereal crops are sorghum and maize grown for household level consumption, and fruit and vegetable farming, mainly for sale. Dominant horticultural crops include tomatoes, lettuce, onions, peppers, cabbages, oranges, lemons, and papaya.
On 13th February 2019, we visited Burao farming area with an aim of observing current farming techniques and advanced technology in dryland farming ranging from greenhouses, water harvesting techniques to a variety of crops and fruit trees. Cultivated crops of those areas include; Tomato, cucumber, carrot, Onion and hot pepper. On the other hand, fruit trees identified were; Pawpaw, oranges, lemon, dates, and guava. Of these crops, Tomato, pawpaw and sweet melon were the crops that had more demand. We were able to connect what we learned in class with the actual activities conducted at the farms.
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by...sajeevnv
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
v
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
NEEV Trust launched several initiatives in 2010-2011 including expanding their System of Rice Intensification (SRI) program to 200 farmers, launching a rural school kids sponsorship scheme providing partial scholarships to 60 children, and training rural women's self-help groups in herbal products. They encountered challenges with drought affecting their SRI program in some areas but were still able to work with farmers in Jamshedpur block. Their work focused on empowering individuals through education, livelihood and entrepreneurship programs, and environmental initiatives.
1. The annual report summarizes the achievements of Association for Social and Humanize Action (Asha) in 2014-15, including providing awareness and training to farmers and youth on sustainable bamboo harvesting and management, minor forest produce value addition, and agricultural techniques.
2. Key activities included training 366 farmers on bamboo clump management, supplying tools to 75 bamboo fellers, publishing a manual on sustainable bamboo harvesting, and claiming community forest rights for 5 villages.
3. The report also outlines training local youth in bamboo handicrafts and minor forest produce processing, including 120 people in mahua seed processing and 32 in mahua-based snacks.
4. Other achievements involved organizing biodiversity awareness events
crop production and management power point production sajeevnv
This document provides information about crop production. It begins by defining crop production as dealing with growing crops for food and fiber. It then lists the main categories of crops as food crops, cash crops, plantation crops, and horticulture crops. Examples are given for each category. The document also discusses the key methods of crop production, including soil preparation, sowing, adding manure/fertilizers, irrigation, weed protection, harvesting, and storage. Details are provided about each step in the crop production process.
This document discusses crop production and management. It defines a crop as plants of the same kind grown and cultivated together. Crops are categorized as either kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season, or rabi crops, which are grown during the winter. The basic practices of crop production include preparing the soil, sowing seeds, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weed removal, harvesting, and storage. Proper crop management is important to ensure optimal growth and yield.
Crops are plants that are grown and cultivated on a large scale. There are two main types of crops in India: kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season from June to September (e.g. rice, corn, soybeans); and rabi crops, which are grown during winter from October to March (e.g. wheat, lentils, mustard). Crop production involves several steps including preparing the soil, sowing seeds, adding fertilizers, irrigating, removing weeds, harvesting, and storing. Modern tools like tractors, seed drills, and irrigation systems help farmers work more efficiently.
This document discusses the basics of crop production and management. It explains that early humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers but later learned to cultivate crops and engage in agriculture. The two main types of crops grown in India are kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season from June to September, and rabi crops, which are grown from October to March. The basic practices of crop production include soil preparation, sowing, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weed protection, harvesting, and storage.
Presenter: A. Satyanarayana
Presented at: 1st National SRI Symposium
Institution: Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
Subject Country: Tamil Nadu, India
Food provides nutrients that are essential for life and growth. It obtains energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Food fuels metabolic activities, supports growth and development, and aids tissue repair. Major food sources include cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables. Common crops are wheat, rice, maize, bajra, pigeon pea, urad, lentils, soybean, groundnut, and fruits/vegetables. Proper crop production practices involve soil preparation, sowing, fertilizer/manure application, irrigation, weed removal and pest/disease control. Sustainable agriculture aims to continue crop production without harming resources and can be achieved through mixed farming, crop rotation and
crop production and management class 8 sciencealisha kaur
There are two types of crops - kharif crops which are sown during the rainy season like rice, corn, and soybeans, and rabi crops which are grown during winter like wheat, peas, and mustard. The basic practices of crop production include preparing soil, sowing seeds, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigating, removing weeds, harvesting, and storing crops. Seeds are sown by hand or using a seed drill for even spacing in rows. Manure provides organic matter to soil while fertilizers are manufactured chemicals that do not provide humus. Water is supplied through irrigation using sources like rivers, wells, and pumps. Weeds are removed through pulling, troweling, or
Gobind was a farmer in 1960 with 2.25 hectares of largely unirrigated land that he cultivated with his three sons. After Gobind's death, the land was divided among his sons, leaving each with only 0.75 hectare, which is not enough for them to make a living from. Savita is a small farmer who needs a loan to purchase supplies, but must borrow from a larger farmer at a high interest rate of 24% and promise additional work during harvesting season at a low wage. Mishrilal has set up a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine to process sugarcane into jaggery, which he sells for a small profit. Kareem has opened a computer
This document discusses crop production and management techniques. It explains that manure and fertilizers are added to soil to provide nutrients for plant growth. Some examples of fertilizers include urea and ammonium sulfate, while examples of manure include cattle dung and plant residue. The document then discusses various irrigation methods like traditional well irrigation as well as modern techniques like sprinkler and drip irrigation. It also covers weed control, harvesting, threshing, winnowing, grain storage, and animal husbandry.
This document provides information on various agricultural practices. It discusses the seven main practices of crop production: soil preparation through ploughing and levelling, sowing seeds, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weed removal, harvesting, and storage. It also describes traditional and modern irrigation methods, the importance of weeding, and the differences between organic manure and chemical fertilizers. The overall document serves as a guide to the basic steps and considerations in crop cultivation.
The document discusses the key steps in agricultural practices:
1) Preparation of soil by tilling and adding manure/fertilizers.
2) Sowing seeds using traditional tools or seed drills.
3) Irrigating crops from sources like wells, ponds, and canals using traditional or modern methods.
4) Protecting crops from weeds by manual removal or chemical weedicides.
The document discusses different types of agriculture practiced in India. It describes primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, commercial farming, and plantation farming. It also discusses major crops grown in India like rice, millets, cotton, and coffee. Agricultural development aims to increase farm production to meet population growth through expanding cropped area, irrigation, use of fertilizers and high-yielding seeds, and farm mechanization. The ultimate goal is increased food security. Farming in India has a long history and India ranks second worldwide in agricultural output. In the US, agriculture is a major industry and the country exports food, with over 2 million farms covering over 900 million acres.
The document discusses various steps involved in crop production, including:
- Crops are classified as kharif (monsoon) or rabi (winter) depending on the season they are grown. Common kharif crops include rice and cotton, while common rabi crops include wheat and mustard.
- Tools used in crop production include the plough, hoe, seed drill, and harvester. The plough is used for tilling soil, the seed drill sows seeds uniformly, and machines like the combine harvester are now used to harvest crops.
- Other processes include applying fertilizers and manure, irrigating crops, controlling weeds, drying and storing harvested crops, and celebrating harvest festivals
Class 8 science chapter 1 Crop Production and ManagementDadon Dasar
This document discusses crop production and management practices. It defines a crop as a cultivated plant grown commercially on a large scale, like wheat, maize, cabbage, apples and grapes. Crops are categorized into kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season from June to September, like paddy and soybean, and rabi crops, which are grown in winter, like wheat and gram. The seven main agricultural practices are: 1) soil preparation through tilling, 2) sowing seeds using traditional funnels or modern seed drills, 3) adding manure and fertilizers, 4) irrigation through sprinklers or drip systems, 5) weed control through tilling or weedicides, 6)
Esek Farmers Co-operative Society in Zambia conducted its first harvest trial of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. The co-op was established in 2002 and has 12 members. For the trial, they selected land with clay-loam soil and constructed terraces. They transplanted local rice varieties at a low density with young seedlings and provided intermittent irrigation from a constructed dam. The SRI harvest yielded 96 kg of rice from a 156.25 square meter field, equivalent to a high yield of 6.144 tons per hectare compared to the usual 1-2 tons per hectare in the province.
CBSE Class 8 / VIII General Ccience Power Point Presentation
Prepared By
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
The document summarizes work done on farming and livelihood opportunities in Mpowered Village, including objectives, study area, methodology, and key activities. It discusses interventions like promoting drip irrigation and mushroom cultivation to increase farmers' incomes. Drip irrigation was installed on two plots, with findings that villagers lacked knowledge about the method. Mushroom cultivation was demonstrated at a community center, but villagers also lacked knowledge about this. The document recommends training villagers in best agriculture practices to help adoption and increase incomes through sustainable interventions.
Crop farming is currently the second most important economic activity in Somaliland, after livestock, with up to 20-25% of the population depending on it for their livelihoods. It is currently underdeveloped but offers considerable potential, both in cereal and horticultural production. The production system is predominantly subsistence in nature. The principal cereal crops are sorghum and maize grown for household level consumption, and fruit and vegetable farming, mainly for sale. Dominant horticultural crops include tomatoes, lettuce, onions, peppers, cabbages, oranges, lemons, and papaya.
On 13th February 2019, we visited Burao farming area with an aim of observing current farming techniques and advanced technology in dryland farming ranging from greenhouses, water harvesting techniques to a variety of crops and fruit trees. Cultivated crops of those areas include; Tomato, cucumber, carrot, Onion and hot pepper. On the other hand, fruit trees identified were; Pawpaw, oranges, lemon, dates, and guava. Of these crops, Tomato, pawpaw and sweet melon were the crops that had more demand. We were able to connect what we learned in class with the actual activities conducted at the farms.
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by...sajeevnv
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
v
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
Crop Production and it's management Powerpoint Presentation for class - 8 by aman
NEEV Trust launched several initiatives in 2010-2011 including expanding their System of Rice Intensification (SRI) program to 200 farmers, launching a rural school kids sponsorship scheme providing partial scholarships to 60 children, and training rural women's self-help groups in herbal products. They encountered challenges with drought affecting their SRI program in some areas but were still able to work with farmers in Jamshedpur block. Their work focused on empowering individuals through education, livelihood and entrepreneurship programs, and environmental initiatives.
1. The annual report summarizes the achievements of Association for Social and Humanize Action (Asha) in 2014-15, including providing awareness and training to farmers and youth on sustainable bamboo harvesting and management, minor forest produce value addition, and agricultural techniques.
2. Key activities included training 366 farmers on bamboo clump management, supplying tools to 75 bamboo fellers, publishing a manual on sustainable bamboo harvesting, and claiming community forest rights for 5 villages.
3. The report also outlines training local youth in bamboo handicrafts and minor forest produce processing, including 120 people in mahua seed processing and 32 in mahua-based snacks.
4. Other achievements involved organizing biodiversity awareness events
We are happy to present 3rd Edition of quarterly E-news ( July - September 2023). We have some good news to share with you! We are proud to have achieved so much together in 2022-23 to successfully integrating different programs.
This document provides information about the Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) program taking place from 2023-2024 at the College of Agriculture in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It summarizes the various activities students will participate in, including: (1) conducting surveys of local villages and farms, (2) participating in agronomy, soil, and plant protection interventions on farms, (3) visiting food processing and animal production facilities, and (4) conducting extension activities to spread agricultural awareness to local communities. The overall goal of the program is to provide students hands-on experience with rural agricultural practices in Dindori district.
This document summarizes information about forest gardening from various sources around the world. Forest gardening is a sustainable food production system that replicates woodland ecosystems by growing various fruits, trees, bushes, herbs and vegetables. It has three layers of vegetation and uses perennial plants that require little maintenance once established. Forest gardening provides food security, low labor needs, water retention and other benefits. Examples of forest gardening are then given from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and other countries.
Classic Polo prioritizes sustainability with fashion in our way. Our drive involves planting 1.50 lakh saplings every year, restoring water bodies, and the adoption of Govt. school.
1) Indigenous farmers in Tamil Nadu have developed many traditional practices for storing grains and seeds that help prevent spoilage from pests and extend storage life. These include mixing grains with salt, ash, camphor or lime, or storing them with neem leaves, pungam leaves or in mud pots, baskets lined with cow dung or husks.
2) The study documented over 15 specific traditional storage practices used by dryland farmers in 8 districts of Tamil Nadu, such as storing red gram with salt, sorghum with ash treatment, or ragi with neem and thumbai leaves.
3) These practices have been passed down over generations and make use of locally available materials to naturally rep
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E0371040045
1. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726
www.ijesi.org Volume 3 Issue 7ǁ July 2014 ǁ PP.40-45
www.ijesi.org 40 | Page
Income Generation Activity Through Community Based Nursery
Raising Techniques-A Case Study
1,
Sreenivasa, 2,
Ravana Reddy R V
1,
MSc, MPhil, NET SLET PGDCA
(District Environmental Specialist Ex-Employ Ee Of Jsys District Project Unit Chintamani / India)
2
MA, B.Ed.
(District Social Specialist Ex-Employ Ee Of Jsys District Project Unit Chintamani / India)
ABSTRACT: Income generation through community based Nursery raising technique Nursery rising and
maintenance in the Natural area is a new Intervention being carried out in the villages. In selected villagers are
small, marginal farmers and landless women. To improve the livelihoods of the landless poor women were
identified in TUG Meeting for Nursery activity. Twenty women in Talagavara village were identified from the
women SHG’s for Training. During the training at Talagavara village the participants were taught the
techniques of nursery rising. After training nursery unit were started in Talagavara village. Inputs such as
seeds, poly bags were supported with a buy back system, from the project Jsys at 150,000 live seedlings. The
cost and returns from nursery rising is presented in table.1. The women could obtain more than Rs-82000/- by
utilizing free land not factored in labor. This has also enabled some of the women to obtain some capital assets
and investment. This activity can be sustained for developing women entrepreneurship. The women were willing
to continue this nursery activity but were uncertain of where to market their produce. The community based
Tank users groups surrounded villagers are buyed all the seedlings timely and planted. The land selected a
Talagavara tank foreshore area for the study. There has been an Increasing demand for forestry seedlings more
particularly social and agro-forestry ones in both urban and rural areas of India. The demand for good quality
planting materials has gone up and hence the nursery business has developed rapidly in the recent years in our
country. Nursery product is no longer restricted to large parks and gardens. It has entered in to high rise. Tank
foreshores, Agro-forestry social forestry, endowment land plantation, etc. heavy demand is observed during
monsoon seasons. Forestry nursery business has therefore come up in a large scale in near rural areas.
Nurseries are places where seedlings are raised for planting purposes. In the nursery the young seedlings are
tended from sowing to develop in such a way as to be able to endure the hard field conditions. Whether local or
introduced species Nursery Seedlings are found to have better survival than seeds sown directly in the Tank
foreshore or through natural regeneration. So nursery seedling becomes the planting material for plantations,
whether these plantations are for production, protection (or) amenity. Nurseries are high sources of Income.
Nurseries set up by TUG/ SHG’s after receiving training and nursery management are good source of Income is
many areas. Saplings produced in nurseries are sold to JSYS project, and farmers in the area who have been
encouraged to take up forestry, after seeing the returns gained from well-managed nursery. Nursery raising and
maintenance in the Talagavara village is a New Intervention being carried out in the village. Community
members participated in larger number on the day of environmental day in TMI’s, community members,
different village peoples, planted 150,000 seedlings that were supplied by the TMI’s under JSYS, projects. The
purpose of the project is to identity and promotes strategies for sustainable management of natural resources to
improve the livelihoods of landless, small, marginal farmers and including woman. The project was executed by
an inter-disciplinary partnership comprising scientists from World Bank, TMI’s and SPU (state project unit)
DPU (District project unit) jala samvardhane yojana sangha and NG0
I. INTRODUCTION:
Talagavara is a small village in Kaiwara Hobli of Chintamani taluk. Talagavara is about 12km south of
chintamani town with a population of 2034 the village has agriculture and allied activities as main source of
livelihood. Though the agriculture is pre-dominantly rain fed village has big tank system for catering its water
needs. The village has a thick density of Bore wells and its main backbone for water needs in the Ammani kere
(tank) system. The livelihoods are severely affected by partial functioning of tank system. For renovating the
tank. This serious issue was discussed with NGO (RSc) which is implementing world Bank supported project
approached JSYS to Include Talagavara Ammani kere (Tank) in the proposed tank Restoration project JSYS has
constituted a facilitation team to help community to study all issues and prepare a project. There has been an
2. Income Generation Activity Through Community…
www.ijesi.org 41 | Page
Increasing demand for forestry seedlings more particularly social and agro-forestry ones in both urban
and rural areas of India, the demand for good quality planting materials has gone up and hence the nursery
business has developed rapidly in the recent years in our country. Nursery product is no longer restricted to large
parks and gardens. It has entered in to high rise. Tank foreshores, Agro-forestry social forestry, endowment land
plantation, etc. heavy demand is observed during monsoon seasons. Forestry nursery business has there fore
come up in a large scale in near rural areas. Nurseries are places where seedlings are raised for planting
purposes. In the nursery the young seedlings are tended from sowing to develop in such a way as to be able to
endure the hard field conditions. Whether local or introduced species Nursery Seedlings are found to have better
survival than seeds sown directly in the Tank foreshore or through natural regeneration. So nursery seedlings
become the planting material for plantations, whether these plantations are for production, protection (or)
amenity. Nurseries are high sources of Income. Nurseries set up by TUG/ SHG’s after receiving training and
nursery management are good source of Income is many areas. Saplings produced in nurseries are sold to JSYS
project, and farmers in the area who have been encouraged to take up forestry, after seeing the returns gained
from well-managed nursery. Nursery raising and maintenance in the Talagavara village is a New Intervention
being carried out in the village. Community members participated in larger number on the day of environmental
day in TMI’s, community members, different village peoples, planted 150,000 seedlings that were supplied by
the TMI’s under JSYS, project. The purpose of the project is to identity and promotes strategies for sustainable
management of natural resources to improve the livelihoods of landless, small, marginal farmers and including
woman. The project was executed by an inter-disciplinary partnership comprising scientists from World Bank,
TMI’s and SPU (state project unit) DPU, and staff of NGO.
.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Nursery Training:Earlier the sangha (SHG’s) members did not know about Nursery maintenance. Once they
were taken to Talagavara field nurseries for an exposure trip. In Talagavara village field they saw nurseries and
were trained on solving of seeds in a plastic bag, growing plants and maintaining a nursery. After training
sangha members were confidence that even maintain a nursery.
Study Area: Field study was conducted during season at Talagavara village 12 km away from taluk head
quarters of chintamani 12 km away from the chintamani taluk. Details of the experiments materials used and the
procedure followed are presented in this chapter.
Weather and Climate: The climate of the district is seasonally dry tropical savanna climate with four seasons.
The dry season with clear bright weather is from December to February. The summer season from March to
May is followed by the south west monsoon from June to September October and November constitute the post
monsoon or retreating monsoon. The mean dry temperature is about 35 in summer and 14 in winter. The
maximum percentage of Rainfall between July to October and mean annual rain fall is around 705 mm.
Site Selection: Based on Requirements of water, place and for easy transportation, Talagavara Tank foreshore
area was selected for nursery raising site.
Field and soil: The Nursery activity was taken up in tank foreshore area during Season of 2005. The soil of the
experimental field was sandy loam. The Nursery was watering with good quality of water from a tank situated
near by and community Bore well.
Seeds used: Used forestry Seeds such as pongamia, Terminalia Arjuna, Glyricidia, Jatropa, Bamboo, Acacia,
Dalbergia sisoo silver oak. Etc.
Land preparation: The field was leveled manually. The layout was taken and final leveling was done with
hand leveling.
Seeds and sowing: The seeds were obtained from private stores, chikkaballapura.
Seed sowing method: Direct seed sowing method were followed.
Water management: It means watering every day morning hours. The watering by using fine rose watering
cane. The Nurseries were watering during early morning hours. Excess irrigation is avoided.
3. Income Generation Activity Through Community…
www.ijesi.org 42 | Page
Fertilization:During active branch initiation stages 3rd
week applied DAP and urea.
Plant protection:Locally available Neem oil was used.
Weeding: Weeding Manually once in a week.
Size of the Nursery: Sizes of the Nursery beds are around 12m in length 1.2m width, separated by 0.5m wide
foot path. The width has its Importance for helps in the easy nursery operation Viz weeding watering hoeing etc.
seedlings were transported based on demand of JSYS project.
SOIL SAND AND FYM: Seeds covered with fine earth or sand. Watering should invariably be done with rose
watering cane. The soils are dry at the time of seed sowing. The Nursery would be fenced with thorns.
SOIL USED: 1:2:3 [FYM: Red soil: Sand] All the stones are removed, big lumps broken and earth sieved. The
polythene bags are filled with the ratio of 1:2:3 (well Rotted FYM: Red soil: Sand).
Transplanting: The seedlings are transported after a 1 year. The transplanted seedlings about 1m height.
Types of containers used: Polythene bags were used.
Grading: The best seedlings are taken out for field plantation the best plants were judged on the basis of height,
color, diameter and growth.
Time of planting: Most of the planting is done during the monsoon after a good soaking Rain.
Design of the Nursery: Decided on the site and size of the Nursery. The site is carefully leveled, fenced and
a shelter from the prevailing wind. Filling the bags: “6 x 12” polythene bags were used for raising nursery
seedlings the bags were filled with 1:2:3 (FYM: soil: sand) and leaving a small spaces at the top and stocked
side by side on nursery beds.
Soaking in hot/ boiling water: The seeds of Terminalia Arjuna have extremely tough outer coats which can
delay germination hence immersed in hot or boiling water.
Seed sowing : The women self help groups nearly 20 women Involved in seed sowing, the seeds are sown at a
depth of 1-3 times their diameter after sowing, seed beds would be watered using a time nozzle spray, Rose
TABLES AND FIGURES
FIG. 1. INDIA MAP
5. Income Generation Activity Through Community…
www.ijesi.org 44 | Page
Table. (1) Cost and Returns of Nursery Rising
Total No of plants : 1,50.000 Rs
A. Costs :
1) Labor for filling the polythene Bags with soil 20 women
labor @ Rs- 50/day x 38 days 38,000
2) Cost of material (FYM, soil and sand) 48,000
3) Cost of polythene bags (150,000) @ 30 paisa/Bag 45,000Rs
4) Cost of seed 15,000Rs
Others expenditure 10,000Rs
Total expenditure 1,56,000Rs
B. Gross Returns 1,50,000 plants @ Rs 12/plant 18,00,000
C. Returns = Gross return-Total expenditure
= 18,00,000 – 1,56,000
= 16,44,000/-
Net Returns = 82,200 / Labor/women(SHG)
Blocks:
Table. (2). Different Types Of Seedlings Rised In Different Blocks
1st
Block Terminalia Arjuna 10,000 numbers
2nd
Block Bamboo 10,000 numbers
3rd
Block Pongamia glabra 50,000 numbers
4th
Block Glyricidia 25,000 numbers
5th
Block Jatropa 10,000 numbers
6th
Block Dalbergia sisoo 25,000 numbers
7th
Block Silver oak 20,000 numbers
Total 1,50,000 numbers
The Blocks are normally labeled by letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, Etc.
Table. (3).The methods of pre-treatment vary with the different types of seeds.
SEEDS PRE-TREATMENT
(1) Terminalia Arjuna Wet with hot water for 1 hour
(2) pongamia glabra - NA-
(3) Jatropa Wet with cold water for 12 hours
(4) Bamboo Wet with cold water for about 12 hours
(5) Dalbergia sisoo Wet with cold water for 12 hours
(6) Glyricidia -N A -
(7) Silver oak Wet with cold water for 12 hours
(Soaked with cold water for from one to 2 days in sufficient to ensure germination)
IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSSION
Nursery raising and maintenance in the Community based villages in a new Intervention being carried
out in the villagers. In Talagavara most of the people, (women) are small marginal farmers and landless people.
To improve the livelihoods of the men were identified poor women including men were identified for nursery
training. The women were willing to continue this nursery activity but were uncertain of where to market their
produce. Facilitating linkages with state Governments like forestry and also local big nurseries in the near by
district head quarters could be a solution. During water scarcity with the Intervention of TUG member’s water at
the site was arranged from near by tank with water source. Nursery rising is an Income generation activity for
sure landless poor people. Nursery raising and maintenance in the Talagavara village is a New Intervention
being carried out in the village. Community members participated in larger number on the day of environmental
6. Income Generation Activity Through Community…
www.ijesi.org 45 | Page
day in TMI’s, community members, different village peoples, planted 150,000 seedlings that were supplied by
the TMI’s under JSYS, projects. Obtain total net returns of about 16, 44,000/-Rs and obtained net Returns
of about Rs 82,200 / Labor/women
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My sincere thanks to Dr. P. Boregowda Executive director, JSYS-SPU-Bangalore and also Thanks to
TMI Chairman Rajagopal and S H G Group. And also Thanks to CFT, DPU, SPU and World Bank Team. And
also directly or indirectly cooperate Project activites and Benefesires.
REFERENCE:
[1] TNAU Agritech Portal, Horticulture Nursery Techniques.
[2] Transfer Of Technologies For Sustainable Development : The Tumkur Experience For
[3] BAIF Institute For Rural Development. Karnataka December 2001.
[4] BIRD [K] –Field Studies / Experiences Implementation Personal.
[5] BIRD – K – Lakkihalli Farmhouse Field Visits.