IMPORTANT PPT FOR ECE B TECH STUDENTS

1. A SEMINAR ON
BY
VAIBHAV VATSA
EC 32
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO. -
1005431115

2. Contents
 What are embedded systems ?
 Why.. ..for automobiles ?
 Embedded Development
 Applications
 Anti-lock Braking System
 Adaptive Cruise Control
 Tire Pressure Monitoring System
 Satellite Radio- XM
Conclusion

3. What are embedded systems ?
• A combination of hardware and software ,
which creates a dedicated computer system, to
perform specific pre-defined tasks.
• They are usually controlled by a micro
processor that executes the instructions stored
on a ROM chip.
• Specifically designed codes using embedded C
, bring about “Artificial Intelligence” in the
device.

4.  Sophisticated functionality (operate on multiple
algorithms simultaneously )
 Multi-rate systems (operations handled at
widely –varying rates )
 Real-time operation (perform the operation
within the deadline)
 Low manufacturing cost
 Low power

5. Embedded Development
• Embedded software
development flow
C-Code
Compiler/ linker
Simulator
Object Code
Download to board and FPGA
Debugger
Outer
• FPGA hardware development
flow
VHDL/ Verilog
Synthesizer
Simulator
Place and Route
Download to FPGA

6. Wheels in your full control now..
 It consists of 1 Electronic Control Unit
(ECU),4 wheel speed sensors and Hydraulic
Control Valves.
 ECU actuates the valves to reduce or
increase hydraulic pressure to the brake at
the affected wheel.
ABS usually apply and release braking
pressure up to 20 times a second.

8.  It is a technology which allows drivers to set a basic
speed of the car and the distance between his car and
others that the car will maintain on its own.
 Each car with ACC has a microwave radar unit fixed in
front of it to determine the distance and relative speed of
any vehicle in the path.
 When ACC is ON, the radar unit will be transmitting
radio waves while the ACC computer will constantly control
the throttle and the brakes of the car.

10.  Doppler Effect :
It refers to the change in frequency of the waves
when there is a relative motion between the
transmitting and receiving units.
 For example… when the separation in between,
decreases below the specified value, the reflected
waves received by the radar unit ,will have higher
frequency than the waves transmitted by it.
 The embedded systems connected to the radar unit
give output to the braking units ,which apply the
brakes moderately and a constant distance is
maintained.

11. Main objectives are :
 Reducing CO2 emission
 Avoiding traffic accidents due to under-inflated tires
 Reducing tire abrasion
The main components of a typical TPMS sensor are:
 Pressure sensor
 Temperature sensor
 Signal processer (C to V Convertor)
 Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC)
 Microcontroller
 RF Transmitter
 Reference Quartz Oscillator

12. • The pressure –sensing cell is capacitive and
requires a ‘ C to V’ conversion stage.
• In read mode, the A to D convertor converts the
analog voltage on capacitor in it’s digital form and the
microcontroller reads the data serially.
• The RF transmitter connected to it ,uses this serial
data to modulate a reference oscillator of 13 .56 MHz
(using both ASK and FSK) and generates 315, 433
and 868 MHz waves of ISM BAND for RF
communication.

14. • The RF waves are recepted by the RF receiver
connected to the microcontroller ,mounted
inside car’s dashboard.
• Upon demodulation ,the data is finally
displayed on the screen .
An extension to it….
Send this RF data to the engine working
module via RF communication and the car will
not start until and unless the tire pressure is
made correct. :)

15. XM radio service adopts communication satellite
broadcasting technology and is
an emerging satellite digital audio radio service
suitable for automotive environment.
 XM service, on account of its better signal
coverage , surpasses existing radio services like
FM and AM both in terms of sound quality and
geographic coverage.

16. Block Diagram
Video-audio
microcontroller
Main
microcontroller
Key control
panel
Touch panel
display
XM Tuner
From
satellite
DSP
Speaker
• f

17. • The XM tuner receives radio program signal from
the satellites, and a serial bus named IEBUS
connects it to the main microcontroller in the
head unit of the digital car audio system.
• The main uC forwards audio signal output to
DSP chips for sound output and also monitors
data exchange with external devices via
different kinds of serial data buses.

18. • The video-audio micro controller is meant for
effective human- machine interface via touch panel
display.
• The main microcontroller used here is
V850ES/SJ3 , manufactured by NEC company ,
which has a high working frequency of 32 MHz and
is compatible with serial buses like CAN bus, I2C,
UART, IEBUS and CSI for communication.

19. • The embedded systems work upon carefully
designed software and their proper
implementation .Still , the main concerns are :
 Meeting the real time constraints more
effectively
 Validation of real time software (testing of large
data may be critical to safety)
With fast expanding autonomous market and
luxury getting over the human mind, embedded
systems have got a bright future ahead.

20. Thanks .. !!
Querries ??