2015 02-05 emet 135 week 1 presentation

Fluid Power System Basics
This lesson follows Chapter 1 and 2 in the Fluid
Power book by James R. Daines
© Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only

FLUID POWER
 Any process, device, or system that converts, transmits,
distributes, or contols power through the use of a pressurized
liquid or gas.

Layout of a Fluid Power System
 An example of a fluid power system layout is found in the
picture below. It consists of a prime mover (ex. a motor)
attached to a pump or compressor, pressurizing a fluid or a
gas, and transmitting through lines to an actuator that
performs work.

Fluid Power Classifications
 Fluid power systems are generally grouped under two broad
classifications:
 Hydraulics
 Pneumatics
 Hydraulic systems use liquid (oil) as the system fluid
 Pneumatic systems use gas (air) as the system fluid.

Chapter 1
Introduction to Fluid Power

Objectives
 Definition fluid power, including hydraulic and pneumatic
systems.
 How fluid power affects our society, including several
examples.
 Advantages and disadvantages of fluid power systems.
 Historical development of the fluid power industry.

FLUID POWER SYSTEM
EXAMPLES
 Do you know any fluid power systems in your daily life?

EVERYDAY FLUID POWER
SYSTEM EXAMPLES
 drinking water supply system
 Showering water system
 HVAC Units
 Transmission, brakes, air conditioning, ventilation, engine
lubrication, and cooling systems on vehicles
 Lawn mower
 Your local garbage truck

EVERYDAY FLUID POWER
SYSTEM EXAMPLES
 Snow plows
 Construction and mining equipment
 Jaws of life
 Robots
 Water laser machines
 And many more examples…

Example of hydraulics under the
hood of your car/truck.

Example of pneumatics on the street.

PhotoDisc
Example of hydraulics in your lawn

Glowimages
Example of hydraulics in the garage

CONCLUSION – FLUID POWER SYSTEM
EXAMPLES
 Business and industry use fluid power systems to operate.
 Fluid power systems influence almost every product in some
way.

HYDRAULIC VS.
PNEUMATIC

Hydraulic Fluid Power Systems
 Hydraulic systems are:
 accurate
 best at higher pressures
 slow
 made up of heavier components that can resist abuse.

Pneumatic Fluid Power
Systems
 Pneumatic systems are:
 less accurate than hydraulic systems
 best at lower pressures
 fast
 Made up of light weight components

Fluid Power Systems
 Advantages of both include easy control of:
 Force
 Torque
 Speed
 Direction of actuators

FLUID POWER HISTORY

What does a sail boat have to
do with Fluid Power?

Fluid Power History
 The natural movement of air and water was used in the
earliest applications of fluid power.
 Up into the Industrial Revolution, wind and watermills were
used as prime movers to provide power.
 These wind and watermills had very small power outputs.
Glowimages

Fluid Power History
 Archimedes discovered the principle of buoyancy. This is
one of the earliest recorded scientific theories.
 Scientists such as Pascal, Boyle, Charles, Reynolds, as
well as other scientists provided theoretical base
information of fluids in scientific and industrial applications.

Fluid Power History
 James Watt
 Instrumental in the operation of the
steam engine, which influenced many
aspects of the Industrial Revolution
Comstock

Fluid Power History
 In the early 1900s, compact, self-contained power
units, which contained the prime mover, pump, and
reservoir, were developed, which had considerable
influence on the development of fluid power as we
know it today.

Self-contained Power Unit
Example
Continental Hydraulics

Chapter 2
Fluid Power Systems
The Basic System

Objectives
 Fluid Power System Functions.
 Basic structure of fluid power systems.
 Basic component groups involved in fluid power
systems.

Objectives
 Component functions involved in basic fluid power systems
 Similarities and differences of hydraulic and pneumatic
systems
 Basic hydraulic and pneumatic systems operations

Fluid Power System
Functions

Fluid Power System
Functions
 Made up of components designed to perform specific tasks
 The components act together to perform desired work

Fluid Power System
Functions
 Fluid power systems perform five functions during
operation:
 Energy conversion
 Fluid distribution
 Fluid control
 Work performance
 Fluid maintenance

BASIC COMPONENTS OF
BOTH HYDRAULIC AND
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

Structure of Fluid Power
Systems
 There are groupings of components that
make up the structure of a Fluid Power
System
 Power unit group
 Actuators group
 Conductors group
 Control valves group
 Fluid maintenance group
 The component groups above perform
specific system functions.

Basic System Components
 Responsible primarily for energy conversion
 Components consist of:
 Prime mover
 Pump or compressor
 Reservoir or receiver

 The prime movers are most often electric motors
and internal combustion engines
 The prime mover rotates the pump or compressor
to produce the fluid flow
 Internal pressure differences create fluid flow
 Energy is transmitted throughout the system by the
fluid flow, reservoir (liquid) or receiver (gas) stores
system fluid, aids in temperature control, aids in
fluid cleaning

 Actuators group
 Responsible to Perform the work of the system
 Components Consist of both cylinders and motors

 Actuators
 Also known as cylinders (linear motion) and rotary
motors (rotary motion)
 are used in both hydraulic and pneumatic systems

How An Actuator Moves
 Motion is created when pressurized fluid moves an
internal part of the actuators from a high pressure
area toward a low pressure area
(Used with permission of CNH America LLC)

 Conductors group
 Responsible for fluid distribution
throughout the system
 Components Consist of:
 Pipes
 Tubes
 Hoses

 Control valves group
 Responsible for controlling fluid pressure, flow direction, and
flow rate
 Directional control valves
 Pressure control valves
 Flow control valves

 Control valves
 Directional control valves
 Vary the direction of movement of cylinders and motors
 Change fluid flow paths to and from the actuators
 Pressure control valves
 Control pressure in a fluid power system
 Restrict fluid flow into a part of the system
 Allow fluid to return to a low pressure area after a desired
pressure is reached
 Flow control valves
 Control fluid flow rate in a system
 The size of an orifice is adjusted to change flow

 Fluid maintenance group
 Responsible for cleaning and conditioning system
fluid by removing dirt, moisture, and excessive
heat
 Filters
 Separators
 Lubricators
 Maintains effective system performance and
acceptable service life

BASIC SYSTEM
OPERATION

Basic Hydraulic System Operation
Pump starts the movement of the fluid
– Low fluid pressure causes the fluid to pass
through a filter as it flows from the reservoir into
the pump
– High fluid pressure at the pump outlet forces
fluid to the directional control valve and on to the
actuator
– The actuator performs the work
– Oil is returned to the reservoir

Basic Pneumatic System
Operation
 Compressor starts the movement of the gas
– Low gas pressure causes the gas to pass through a filter as it
flows from the atmosphere into the compressor
– High gas pressure at the compressor outlet forces the gas to the
receiver for storage under pressure until needed by the
workstations.
– Pressurized gas is distributed to system workstations where it is
regulated, filtered, and lubricated before moving on to the
actuator.
– Actuator performs work.
– Gas is discharged into atmosphere after work is performed.

Week 1 Homework
Assignment
In Lab Manual, contributes to homework grade:
1. Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms Sheets
2. Chapter 1 and 2 Quizzes
3. Activity 1-1 in Lab Manual
Homework Assignment

2015 02-05 emet 135 week 1 presentation

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