- The document discusses national innovation systems, which include organizations involved in research and development, as well as economic and institutional factors that influence learning and technology adoption. - For "catch-up" countries trying to develop their economies, the focus of the national innovation system should be on assimilating and applying generic technologies across all sectors, not just specific industries. - While catch-up countries can learn from more advanced economies, they still need their own technology foresight activities, research institutions, and focus on interactions between private sector and other parts of the innovation system to drive development.

1. Can the National Innovation Systems of the New EU Member-States be Improved? David A.Dyker, SPRU – Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex