Treatment plan in complete Edentulous arches /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
IN
COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS ARCHES

www.indiandentalacademy.com

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental
education


CONTENTS

Introduction
Definition Of Diagnosis & Treatment
Planning
General Introduction Of the
Patient&Evaluation
Diagnostic Procedures
Clinical history taking
Clinical examination—Intra oral
-Extra oral
Examination of existing dentures.

Specific Investigations—
Radiographs.
Diagnostic cast.
Pre-extraction record.
Other investigation for systemic
disease .
Treatment planning.
Summary&Conclusion.
References.


INTRODUCTION
Diagnosis Comprises of evaluation of patients health
with respect to his/her physical,mental&social health,
and these diagnostic findings decide treatment plan.
Treatment planning is the most important milestone
which depends on the diagnosis.So accurate
diagnosis plays a very important role in ensuring
predictable results of the treatment.prognosis
depends on both diagnosis and treatment planning.


Definition of diagnosis &
treatment planning
GPT—

•

• Diagnosis is defind as determination of nature

of disease.
• Treatment planning is defind as the sequence
of procedures planned for the treatment of a
patient after diagnosis
• Boucher –diagnosis consists of planned
observation to determine & evaluate the
existing conditions, which lead to decision
making based on the condition observed.
• Treatment plans should be developed to best
serve the needs of each individual patient.

Winkler—

Defines

diagnosis is the examination of
physical status, evaluation of mental or
psychological make up, &understanding of
needs of each pt to ensure a predictable
result.
Treatment planning means developing
sequence of procedures planned for the
treatment of a patient after diagnosis.

General introduction of the patient &
Evaluation
The first appointment imp for the development of
mutual understanding, trust b/n pt dentist.
Pt should be addressed by name
Dentist should verify the personnel information
collected by the receptionist.
Patient Evaluation—
Observation of the patients motor skills,level of coordination steadiness while walking.
Unusual gait –Parkinson`s disease, neurological
disorder, disease of the joint.
.

EVALUATION OF MENTAL ATTITUDE

The successful prosthodontic treatment depends on both technical skill &p
mgt according to mental attitude.
Neurosis– chr. Anxiety state at phy .State
--increases alters neuromuscular co ordination.
Dr. M .M. House cl of mental attitudes
1.
Philosophical-ideal, co-operative, optimistic .Prognosis good.
2.
Indifferent- least concerned about their oral health
not co-operative, avoid treatment.
Prognosis poor.
3.
Critical-not satisfied with previous dentures &dentist.
4.
Skeptical—poor gen health, unfavorable biomechanical
condition,pessimistic. Pt motivation & education.
5.
Hysterical-poor health, nervous, unrealistic expectation, poor prognosis
education & motivation.

CLINICAL HISTORY TAKING
Diagnosis & treatment planning depends upon
accurate data collection & record maintenance.
Information collection—Questionnaire.
--Direct interrogation.
--Combination.
Name:patient identification, for addressing.
Sex: patient expectations in the denture
differ with sex.
AGE:diseases related to age,as age advances
decrease in adaptability &neuromuscular coordination,learning ability. Oral&facial tissues loose
elasticity &resiliency.


Address:
Telephone. No:
Religion :
Family history:
Socio-economic status :
Physician tel.ph.no:


Chief complaint:difficulty in speech
mastication, appearance
Dental history
>Cause for the tooth loss
>Period of edentulousness
>Problems with existing denture
>expectations in new denture


MEDICAL HISTORY:
H/o systemic diseases.
Hospitalization.
Previous medical records.
Date & reason for the last visit to physician.
Physician tel .ph no.


DIABETES MELLITUS
• - Impaired carbohydrate metabolism because of insulin
•
•
•

•
•
•

deficiency or resistance.
Pt should be for the h/o DM, rule out for DM.
Drug history Insulin,OADA,diet
Pt suffering from DM will show-- 1)Osteoporosis.
2) Residual alv bone resorption
.
3)Delayed wound
healing.
4)Prone
infection.
.
Patient education regarding maintenance of denture
cleanliness oral hygiene. Need for regular check up
Appointment scheduling.
Mucostatic impression technique. Avoid surgical intervention.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Angina pectoris: it is a severe ischeamic pain aggravates
on exertion relieved with rest.
Avoid anxiety, exertion
Physician consultation .
Emergency drugs.
Hypertensions:
Myocardial infarction:
Pt with h/o MI avoid treatment for 6 mts.
Physician consultation & reassurance of pt to reduce
anxiety.
Infective bacterial endocarditis:
Pt with artificial heart valves, valvular heart disease prone
to develop.
Prophylactic Ab therapy prior to surgical procedures.

BLOOD DYSCRASIAS

Anaemia: level of Hb in the blood below normal.(14-

16%)
Types of Anaemia:
Iron def. Anaemia:increased loss of iron,
increased physiological requirement, malabsorbtion
of iron as in hypochlorhydria.
Oral Manifestations:atrophic mucous membrane, loss
of normal keratinization.
Megaloblastic anaemia: deficiency of vit B-12 &
folic acid.
Oral Manifestations:angular chelitis
Pernicious anaemia: It is autoimmune
disorder.atrophic gastric mucosa with loss of parietal
cells so def of IF,decreased vitB-12 absorption

Oral manifestations
Bald tongue atrophy of papilla
Glossitis
Burning sensation in the mouth.

Sickel cell anaemia .:hereditary type of chr.

Hemolytic anemia transmitted as non sex linked
dominant factor.
Radiographic features reveal-mild to sever gen
osteoporosis, loss trabaculation of jaw bones with
large irregular marrow spaces, coarse trabaculaton.


DISEASE INVOLVING WBC`S
Leukopenia:decrease in no. WBC`s.
Agranulocytosis: serious disease with decrease in
number of granulocytes.
Oral manifestations: necrotizing ulcers, excessive
salivation.
Leukemias:characterized by progressive over
production of WBC`s, appear in circulating blood in
immature form.
Cl. As—acute
-myeloid
`
-chronic.
-lymphoid
-monocytic
O.m—petechiae, ulceration of mucosa, purpuric
lesions.

DISEASES OF PLATELETS
Thrombocytopenic
purpura:decrease in circulating blood
platelets autoimmune disorder.
Thrombocythemia: increase in
circulating blood platelets.
Oral manifestations: petechiae on
the oral mucosa,bleeding tendencies.


INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Bacterial, Viral,Fungal
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Herpes simplex
Hepatitis A&B
Infectious mononucleosis
HIV
Candidiasis

Precautions:

Prevent cross contamination
Self precaution &protection of assistant
Disposable instruments
Disinfections of impression

DISEASES OF BONE & JOINTS
Osteoarthritis:
Affects elderly above 45 yrs of age M:F ratio 2:1(age
related degenerative joint disease less frequently
affects TMJ),weight bearing joints
Characterized by deteriorations of articular cartilage
remodeling of underlying bone.
C/f:- pain &crepitaion during mandibular
restricted movements
muscles of mastication tender.
Advanced stage jt disability & atrophy of
associated muscles.
Difficulty in wearing and cleaning of denture.
Impression making,jaw relation recording difficult.
Frequent occlusal corrections should be made.

Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory disease affecting joints.
C/f –Affects small joints of hands,feet symmetrically
first followed by wrists, elbows, ankles,knees.
TMJ-pain ,crepitations, limited movements, stiffness,
anterior open bite, vertical facial height increased.


Paget`s disease
C/f— chronic disease,pt above 40 yr & older age
group
bone pain ,head ache, deafness compression of
cochlear n,blindness involvement of optic n, dizziness
, facial paralysis, weakness & mental disturbance.
O/m-maxilla>mandible 2.3:1.
-maxilla progressive enlargement,alv ridge widened,
palate flattened.
Ed pt c/o inability to wear dentures.


Achondroplasia
Disturbance of endochondral bone formation
resulting in dwarfism.
Hereditary condition transmitted as autosomal
dominant character.
C/f dwarf below 1.4mt,brachycephalic skull,bowed
legs,small hands ,stubby fingers, lumbar lordosis.
O/m—Retruded maxilla with relative mandibular
prognathism resulting in jaw discrepancies in size &
malocclusion


CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Emotional disturbances:
Mild anxiety to anxiety neurosis, depression,phobias,disoriented.
Severe cases psychiatric consultation.
Patient motivation & reassurance.
Require longer appointments

Epilepsy: drug history ,h/o last attack, precipitating factors, frequency,
duration of .
In such pts avoid flickering lights ,instruments which can cause harm.


Bell`s palsy
Facial .n palsy because of cold,trauma, injection of L.A
drugs,nerve impingement ,injury of the n during the parotid
gl surgery.
C/f :-unilat facial paralysis.
-Mask like face,drooping of mouth corner.
-inability to close eyes.
-loss of forehead wrinkles .
Difficulty in making impression .
Difficulty in eating & speech.
To avoid cheek biting over contouring denture base on the
affected side. Excessive horizontal overlap in posteriors.


Parkinson`s disease
It is a degenerating disease affecting basal ganglia,
decreased dopaminergic output so inhibitory action on sub
thalamic nucleus decreased.
C/f –expressionless face with staring look
-soft rapid speech,fixed posture,impaired balance,altered
gait,muscle rigidity,impaired fine movements,tremors in
mandible,tongue,
fingers, hands.
Difficulty in making impression , jaw relation recording
Pt should be educated about the difficulty in eating,speech
&retaining mandibular denture.


Trigeminal neuralgia
Disease involving the ns supplying the
face,teeth,jaws &associated structures.
C/f –searing,stabbing ,lancinating type of
pain initiated on touching trigger zone.
In such pts prosthodontic treatment becomes
difficult.
Pts should be first treated for Trigeminal
neuralgia then continued with prosthodontic
treatment


Climacteric
Change in bodily functions occurs during specific
periods
Affects both male& females
In females menopause is the period
Post menopausal syndrome: Gen osteoporosis,
inability to adjust, burning tongue& tendency to gag


DISEASES OF SKIN WITH ORAL
MANIFESTATIONS
Lichen planus:
O.m:white or grey velvety thread like
papules in a leniar,annular, retiform
arrangement forming typical lacy,reticular
patches, rings , streakes over the buccal
mucosa, lesser extent on tongue
&palate(Wickham’ s striae)
Erosive (premalignant), vesicular or bullous
forms also causes burning sensation

Erythema multiformae: concentric ring
like vesiculo bullos lesions(bull’s eye)
O.m:

Pain, discomfort
Hyperemic macules,papules,vesicles become
eroded or ulcerated bleed freely
Tongue, palate, buccal mucosa ,gingiva commonly
affected
Lip may show ulceration/bloody crusting


Pemphigus: auto immune disease
Intercellular antibodies in epithelium of skin,oral
mucosa.
Serious chr disease appearance of vesicles,
bullae,& blisters.

Oral manifestations:
Isolated vesiculo bullos lesions ruptures to
leave ulcers
Oral lesions with rugged borders covered by
white blood tinged exudate follows by crusting
Severe pain,burning sensation. Inability to eat
Pt informed about existing condition and advised not
to wear the dentures continuously.

Systemic sclerosis
Characterized by indurations of skin & fixation of epidermis to
the deeper subcutaneous tissue
Types
Diffuse
Localized
O/m:mucosa thin ,pale due to loss of vascularity and elasticity.
Tongue stiff board like, restricted movements.
Lips thin rigid partially fixed
Decrease in mouth opening
Distortion of buccal and labial vestibules
Difficulty in impression making & jaw relation recording
Post insertion probs: soreness, ulceration require constant
adjustments & even remaking


Sjogren`s syndrome :

Auto immune disease characterized by
keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia,
rheumatoid arthritis.
O/m-xerostomia, burning sensation in the
mouth.

Contact dermatitis -Lesions occur on skin
&mucous membrane at a localized site after a
repeated contact with causative agent.
Patch test.


DRUG HISTORY
Indicate systemic disease,adverse reaction affecting oral
conditions.
Drugs- antihistamines,antihypertensive,
antiparkinson`s,antidepressants, atropine cause xerostomia.
Sialorrhoea-- cholinesterase,epinephrine,sialogouges.
Orthostatic hypertension—
antihypertensives,antidepressants,centrally acting skeletal
muscle relaxants.
Drug induced Parkinson like syndrome by tricyclic
antidepressants,phenothiazine.
Hypoglycemic shock-Insulin.
Behavioral changes &confusionantidepressants,corticosteroids,antiparkinson`s,
antihistaminic,digitalis.

CONTENTS
Introduction
Definition Of Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
General Introduction Of the
Patient&Evaluation
Diagnostic Procedures
Clinical history taking
Clinical examination—Intra oral
-Extra oral
Examination of existing dentures.

Specific Investigations—
Radiographs.
Diagnostic cast.
Pre-extraction record.
Other investigation for systemic disease .
Treatment planning.
Summary&Conclusion.
References.


CLINICAL EXAMINATION


LOCAL EXAMINATION
EXTRA ORAL

Examination of the head & neck for pathological lesions

Facial examination.

1)Facial Form: -Square
-Ovoid
-Tapering
-Square tapering.
2)Facial symmetry : - Symmetrical
-Asymmetrical -swellings, hemi
facial
hypertrophy.
3)Facial profile
: -Acc to angle –Class |-Normal
-Class||-Retrognathic
-Class|||-Prognathic

TONE FACIAL TISSUES
It depends on the age & health of the patient
Acc to house classified--ClassI—Normal tone & placement of facial muscles of
mastication & expression.
-ClassII_ Displays normal function but slightly
decreased
tone.
-ClassIII_ Decreased muscle tone function.

Muscle development:
Acc to house

classified-Heavy
-Medium
-Light
Muscle tone for denture retention.
Normal tone &development required for ease of
manipulation.

COMPLEXION:
Skin of face—Dark
__Medium
__Fair
Hair color__
Black, brown, blond.
Eyes
__Blue ,gray, brown, Black.
The color of the skin guides in shade selection of the
teeth .


LIP EXAMINATION

Lips examined for cracks , fissures, ulcers

Lip supportcontour:
Adequate support is achieved by proper
positioning of upper anterior tooth
Un supported-collapsed appearance,
wrinkles around lip.

Lip thickness:
Thick
Thin

Lip mobility:
Normal
Limited
Paralysis

Lip length:
Long—hides denture & most of tooth
Medium
Short---teeth& denture base exposed.

Vertical face length:
Normal
Decreased vertical dimension---Collapsed appearance
with wrinkles ,false prognathic relation.
Increased vertical dimension—taut ,strained

TMJ EXAMINATION
Pain on opening/ closing movements of mandible.
Tenderness
Clicking sound, crepitations
Deviation of mandible on opening
Muscle tenderness
Limitation of mandibular movement
The centric relation depends upon structural & functional
harmony of osseous structures ,the intra articular tissues ,
capsular ligaments.


NEUROMUSCULAR EVALUATION
Neuromuscular co-ordination-Excellent
-fair
-poor
Poor neuromuscular co-ordination affects impression
recording & jaw relation recording. Advise for tongue
& mouth exercises.
Jaw movements.
Speech Evaluation -affected
- normal

Examination of the lymphnodes


Intra oral examination

Oral mucous membrane:

Examined for inflammatory lesions , pathological
lesions like precancerous lesions ,oral malignancies
,papillary hyperplasia ,epulis fissuratum,ulcers.

Evaluation of residual alveolar ridge:
Arch size:
The size of the maxilla &mandible determines
the amount denture bearing available.
Discrepancy in jaw size.
Arch size –Large ideal
_Medium-good
_Small- poor

Disharmony in jaw size
Maxillary may be larger than mandibular or reverse because of
the resorption pattern, disturbance in growth &
development,genetic factor.
Occlusion should be planned similar to disharmony.
Arch form:
According to house cl---Square
---Ovoid
----Tapering


RESIDUAL RIDGE FORM
Classified as-High with parallel ridge slopes & well rounded ,broad in width.
High in height & average in width.
High in height & thin in width.
Because of resorption ridge assumes.
Average height broad in width.
Average height & width.
Low in height & broad in width.
In severe resorption the ridge assumes V shape
Unfavorable for retention.
– High V shaped .
– Average V shaped.
– Low V shaped.


In severe resorption ridge becomes knife edge shaped.
High knife edge.
Average knife edge.
Low knife edge
Ridge can be classified as.
High well rounded
Low well rounded
Knife edge.
Flat ridge.


High well rounded ridge favorable With flat crest &
parallel sides .
Knife edge &V shaped ridge selective pressure
impression technique.

Ridge relationship :
GPT—The positional relation of the mandibular ridge
& maxillary ridge.
Angle classified:Class I —Normal
-Class II_Retrognathic
_Class III_Prognathic


RIDGE PARALLELISM
Refers to relative parallelism between planes of the ridge.
Class I-Both ridges are parallel to occlusal plane.
Class II-Mandibular plane diverts from the occlusal plane
anteriorly.
Class III-Either the maxillary ridge diverts from
occlusalplane anterioly or both ridges divert.


INTER ARCH SPACE
Normally 16-20mm
adequate for the
accommodation of
artificial teeth.
Excessive inter arch
space –increased
resorption.
-Poor
stability.
Inadequate space


SAGITTAL PROFILE OF RESIDUAL
ALVEOLAR RIDGE

It is important to locate from where the
mandibular ridge slopes up towards
retromolar pad & ramus because
occlusal contacts immediately above
the the incline at the back part of the
residual alveolar ridge will cause
denture to slide forward.


BONY UNDERCUTS
The bony undercuts
do not play any role
in retention of the
denture.
Bony irregularities –
presence of sharp
bony spicules ,
rounded smooth
elevations.
Retained root
pieces.

SOFT TISSUE EXAMINATION
Mucosal thickness :
According to house classified as.
ClassI—Normal uniform thickness approximately 1mm.
Class II—Soft tissue with thin investing membrane & mucous
membrane maybe twice the normal thickness.
ClassIII—Soft tissue with excessively thick investing membrane with
redundant tissue.
Muscle & Frenal attachments:
Examined in relation to the crest of the ridge because it can interfere with
denture extension &border seal.
House cl border attachments-ClassI-At least 0.5inches
distance between attachment & ridge crest.s
-ClassII- distance between attachment & ridge
crest 0.25 to 0.5inches.
-ClassIII-below 0.25inches

Frenal attachments:
Away from the crest.
Nearer to the crest.
At the crest.
Floor of the mouth:
Lingual frenum.
Genial tubercles.
Plica.


RETROMYLOHYOID SPACE
Neil cl as
ClassI-Deep
ClassII-Moderate
ClassIII-Shallow


EXAMINATION OF THE TONGUE
Tongue size:
House classified.—ClassI-Normal ,development ,function.
__ClassII-Change in form & function.
__ClassIII-Excessively large.
Tongue size can be ---Hypertrophic.
__Atrophic.
__Normal.
Tongue position:Wrights classified as
ClassI—the tongue lies in the floor of the mouth with tip
forward &slightly below the incisal edgsse of mandibular
anterior teeth.
ClassII—The tongue flattened & broadened but tip is a
normal position.
Class III-retracted depressed into floor of mouth with the tip
curled upward into the body of the tongue.

Class I position is ideal with floor of mouth at an adequate
height , so lingual border contacts it & maintains the seal.
In class II &III floor of the mouth is low.


SALIVA
Thin serous normal quantity-favorable for retention.
Thick ropy/mucous saliva—decreases retention & stability.
Xerostomia.


GAG REFLEX
Normal defense mechanism designed to
prevent foreign bodies from entering the
trachea.Mild chocking to retching .
Causes – anatomical variation ,psychological,
systemic disorder,alcoholism.
Management—clinical
-Prosthodontic
-pharmacological
-psychological reassurance.


HARD & SOFT TISSUES IN THE MAXILLARY
BASAL SEAT
Soft tissue covering RAR & palate:
Ideally uniform thickness,quite firm, resilient.
Hyperplasic/flabby ridge.
Fibrous enlargement of maxillary tuberosity.
Papillry hyperplasia of the palate.
Epulis fissuratum
Incisive papilla.
Palatine rugae.
Compressibility.


PALATAL VAULT
U shaped –Parallel ridge slopes & broad base.
Flat palate with broad base & lower ridge slopes .
The V shaped vault with greater vertical than
horizontal area.


SOFT PALATE
 Soft classified
 Cl I-Horizontal
favorable ,more tissue
coverage for pps area.
 Cl II-Soft palate turns
down at 45 degree
 Cl III-Soft palate turns
down at 70 degree angle
just posterior to hard
palate.


TORUS PALATINUS
Bony enlargement at
the midline of the hard
palate.
Size- small pea
nut,enlarges till occlusal
plane.
Covered by thin less
resilient tissue
Surgical removal
advised if it extends
near to vibrating line
about 2to 3mm short.

 Absence of tuberosity & loss of

pterygomaxillary notch.
 Advanced

RAR resorption.
 Excessive surgical reduction of tuberosity.
 Inadequate pps of maxillary denture.


HARD & SOFT AREA IN MANDIBULAR
BASAL SEAT
Soft tissuefibrous cord like soft
tissue ridge in severely
resorbed ridges,epulis
fissuratum.


MANDIBULAR TORI
Bony protuberance on
lingual aspect of the
mandible in the
premolar region.
Genial tubercles .
Mental foramen.
Mylohyoid ridge.


EXAMINATION OF EXISTING
DENTURES
Mucosa examined for pathological changes.
As per the study conducted by Ostlund in 1953 it was reported that in 77%
of the denture wearing patients there will be presence histological changes
even though he mucosa appears clinically normal.
Evaluation of
Denture cleanliness.
C R & CO, premature contacts ,sliding.
Vertical dimension.
Denture extensions.
Type of teeth.
Retention ,stability.
Esthetics.
Phonetics.

SPECIFIC INVESTIGATIONS
Radiographs:
Panoramic radiographs play an important role in
diagnosis &treatment planning in completely
edentulous patients.
Study was conducted by Syropoulos N.D,Patsaks
A.J in 1931.


Study the residual alveolar ridge resorption.
Mandibular RAR resorption can be classified.
Class I—Upto 1/3rd of original vertical height lost
Class II-From 1/3rd to 2/3rd of original vertical
height lost.
ClassIII-2/3rd or more of original vertical height lost.

Radiographic examination of the bone density by Misch.
Dense cortical bone .
Porous cortical bone.
Coarse trabacular bone.
Fine trabacular bone.
Study the location of anatomic structures.

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION TMJ
Panoramic projection – bilateral
view of condyle& fosssa relation,
oblique posterior ,anterior view of
the joint . To rule out gross intra
osseous defects.
Transcranial projection —lateral
view of TMJ.Spicules &erosions of
lateral surface
Transorbital projection ---medial
& lateral surface.
Submento vertex view ---the
surface of condyles


Tomography:Specialized technique that allows detailed images of
structures in a predetermined plane ,while blurring the
unwanted structures.
Classic tomography : Several exposures of selected area at
orbitrary intervals or section.Lateral, medial, central parts of joint as
separate images.
Computed tomography: Scanning of well defined area.
-The computer analyses X-ray absorption at many different points &
converts them into an image on a video screen.
-Gross determination of condyle disk relation
Arthrography:
Magnetic resonance imaging:
Bone scintigraphy:

.

Diagnostic casts
Aids in the evaluation of anatomy & relationships in absence of
patients.
Evaluation of following
Ridge relationship
Diagnose missed findings
Conform clinical findings
Measuring & determining relation to other structures
Decision about preprosthetic surgery
Undercut surveying.
Pre extraction records:
Photographs showing natural teeth.
Old radiographs.
Diagnostic casts & radiographs obtained from other dentist.

EXISTING DENTURES
Using the patient`s existing dentures impression made
& diagnostic casts made.
With tentative CR & face record mount the maxillary
cast on to the adjustable articulator ,orient the
mandibular casts with CR.
Check vertical dimension ,CR &CO.


OTHER INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDERES
To Rule Out DM
RBS
FBS
PPBS
Patient’s BP should be recorded.
BT
CT
Prothrombine time
Hb gm%.

If any Intra or Extra Oral lesion advise for
Biopsy Histopathological Examination .

TREATMENT PLAN
The treatment plan should specify regarding the treatment
procedures,operating time,laboratory time,calender time &
fees such that patient informed consent regarding the same
can be obtained.
Treatment plan for completely edentulous patients
includes:
Adjunctive care---Pt education &motivation.
----Elimination of infection.
----Elimination of pathoses.
----Treatment of abused tissues.
----Tissue conditioning.
----Nutritional counseling.
Prosthodontic care –Conventional complete denture.
--implant supported complete denture.

ADJUNCTIVE CARE
Patient education:

Information about their dental health &it`s effect on the
treatment outcome.
Limitation of complete denture.
Problems associated with complete denture initially.
Importance of oral &denture hygiene.
Need for regular check up.
Convincing about the Rx procedure,need for the surgical Rx,
time required, fees.
Motivation of the patient.
Diet counseling:Diet rich in proteins,calcium, vitamins,
minerals,low calorie diet.
If required referred to dietician, physician.

NON SURGICAL METHODS OF TREATING THE
ABUSED TISSUES
Resting the denture supporting tissues.
Regular massaging.
Occlusal correction , establishing vertical height
Refitting the dentures.
Drugs to eliminate infection.
Nutritional supplements.
Advise for jaw exercise.


SURGICAL METHOD
1)Correction of hyperplastic ridge tissue ,epulis fissuratum, papillomatosis
,hyperplastic pendulous tuberosity.
Indication—no response to nonsurgical Rx procedures.
--interferes with stability .
Excision of the tissues with vestibuloplasty.Electro surgery.
2)Frenal attachments-maxillary labial frenum broad fibrous band,lingual
tongue tie,prominent buccal freni
Indications—near to crest of ridge.
Frenectomy.
3)papillary hyperplasia-Small lesion with sharp curettes electro
surgery.
-Large lesion split thickness supra
periosteal flap.
4)Vestibuloplasty-Restores the ridge height by lowering the muscle
attachments & attached mucosa.

OSSEOUS ABNORMALITIES
Ridge undercuts.
Prominent mylohyoid &Internal oblique ridge-surgical
recontouring repositioning of muscle attachment.
Prominent genial tubercle-surgically removed &
genioglossus muscle sutured to geniohyoid muscle.
Bony tuberosities.
Residual ridge sharp, spiny.
Torus palatinus.
Torus mandibularis.
Discrepancies in jaw size.
Mental foramen with sharp extended margins.
Ridge augmentation.

FABRICATION OF COMPLETE DENTURE
Conventional complete denture.
Implant supported.
Previous h/o failures with conventional complete dentures
Good health,affordable.
Patient with compromised motor skills, advanced residual
ridge resorption.
If dose not like to wear dentures.


SUMMERY&CONCLUSION
It encompasses history taking which includes past dental history
&medical history,patients expectation & studying the mental
attitude of the patients
Diagnosis involve examination of the patient’s right from he
enters the clinic,beginning from the collection of personnel
in
formations of the patient.and then examination of extra&intra
oral hard&soft tissues structures.
Subjecting the patients to required investigations,to confirm the
diagnostic findings ,and Referring patients to other specialist on
requirement.
On the basis of Diagnostic findings the Rx plan is framed.


Conclusion
Diagnosis and Rx planning form the first important
milestone for the successful accomplishment of the
Rx &favorable prognosis as the potential problems
are identified & treatment plan is framed accordingly.


REFERENCES
BOCHER ‘S Proshtodontics Rx for edentulous patients 11th
edition.
Prosthodontics Rx for edentetious patients by Zarb Bolender
12th edition
Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics by Winkler
Syllabus of complete dentures by Heartwell.4th edition .
Complete Denture prosthodontics by Jhon Joy Mannapali.
Color atlas of common oral diseases by Craig .S .Miller.
The temepomandibular Joint & Related oeofacial disorder by
Francis .M.Bush.
A text book of oral pathology by shafer 4th edition
Davidson’s principles & practice of Medicine.
DCNA 1977 complete denture.
BDJ volume 188,No.7:April:8:2000.Complete denture an
introduction.

Diagnostic factors in the choice of impression materials &
methods by George.A.Buckly D.D.S in JPD March:1995:5:2.
Dr.Robert.H.Spring. Diagnostic procedures ---the patients
existing dentures.JPD 1983:49:2:153.
Study conducted by syropoulos ND, Patsuks AJ,in 1981.Finding
from radiology of Jaw of edentulous patients oral surgery Oral
medicine:oral pathology.1981:52:455:459.
JPD July 1974:32:1:7-12studies of residual alveolar-ridge
resorptionpart1 use of Panoramic radiographs for evaluation &
collection of mandibular resorption by
Kinneth.I.Wical.Chaclese.Sweope.


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