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What lies beneath:
          Making sense of the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence



            Kelvin Berryman, Director, Natural Hazards Research Platform



 22 Feb, 2011




Seismics & the City, 2013                                Natural Hazards Research Science
                                                                             GNS Platform
New Zealand
         tectonic                                                                         Raukumara
          setting                                                                          Peninsula

                                                                                CVR/TVZ



                                        North Island
                                      Dextral Fault Belt




                                                                                                    ea i
                                                                                                  at ng
  GPS strain




                                                                                                      u
                                                                                               P l ura
                                       Marlborough




                                                                                                   k
                                                                                                Hi
                                        strike-slip


                                                                                       Chatham Rise




                                                            Southern
                                                              Alps
                                        Fiordland

                            Image from NIWA
                            National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd
Seismics & the City, 2013                                                  Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                                                 GNS Science
Seismics & the City, 2013   Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                  GNS Science
Highfield Road,
     Sept 4th 2010




                                          Quigley et al, UoC & GNS




         4.5 m dextral & < 1 m vertical
Seismics & the City, 2013                    Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                   GNS Science
Boxing Day and
                                                                    subsequent




   Chances of a M6+ in 1 year =   This number was widely communicated but
   25% in the aftershock region   what did it mean – no scenario models in
                                  terms of impact were developed

Seismics & the City, 2013                                 Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                             GNS Science
Seismics & the City, 2013   Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                  GNS Science
February and June fault slip inversions from GPS data
   – can also be compared with seismology and InSar




                               Interpretation by Beaven et al., GNS
Seismics & the City, 2013                  Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                 GNS Science
Reasons for very strong shaking in Christchurch
       weak sedimentary rocks,
       soft soils & high water table
                                         Christchurch



                                                             volcanic rocks




                            greywacke bedrock




Seismics & the City, 2013                               Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                              GNS Science
Barnes et al, 2011
    Regional                                                 Hikurangi
    Fault                                                    Subduction
                                                             margin
    Patterns

                       Wellington




                                                                        Christchurch
                                              Alpine
                                              Fault



                        Jongens et al, 2012
Seismics & the City, 2013                              Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                             GNS Science
Seismics & the City, 2013   Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                  GNS Science
Magnitude vs Time ( up to February 2013 )
   Magnitude




                                           generally felt



                                            often not felt


                                        incomplete detection




       • More than 2 years of aftershocks have had major psycho-social impacts
Seismics & the City, 2013                                   Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                                  GNS Science
Seismics & the City, 2013   Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                  GNS Science
6.5 Ka                 New Zealand Historical Atlas 1997
                                     7 Ka
                                        5 Ka
                                               8 Ka 3 Ka
                                                           2 Ka
                                                                  1 Ka




  Why is liquefaction such an
  issue in eastern Christchurch?

Seismics & the City, 2013                                  Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                                                 GNS Science
Subsurface conditions in central Christchurch are now
 well known and not especially difficult for rebuilding




Seismics & the City, 2013              Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                             GNS Science
Questions …………….




Seismics & the City, 2013       Natural Hazards Research Platform
                                                      GNS Science

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Dr Kelvin Berryman, Director Natural Hazards, GNS Science - presentation at Seismics and the City 2013

  • 1. What lies beneath: Making sense of the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence Kelvin Berryman, Director, Natural Hazards Research Platform 22 Feb, 2011 Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Science GNS Platform
  • 2. New Zealand tectonic Raukumara setting Peninsula CVR/TVZ North Island Dextral Fault Belt ea i at ng GPS strain u P l ura Marlborough k Hi strike-slip Chatham Rise Southern Alps Fiordland Image from NIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 3. Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 4. Highfield Road, Sept 4th 2010 Quigley et al, UoC & GNS 4.5 m dextral & < 1 m vertical Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 5. Boxing Day and subsequent Chances of a M6+ in 1 year = This number was widely communicated but 25% in the aftershock region what did it mean – no scenario models in terms of impact were developed Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 6. Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 7. February and June fault slip inversions from GPS data – can also be compared with seismology and InSar Interpretation by Beaven et al., GNS Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 8. Reasons for very strong shaking in Christchurch weak sedimentary rocks, soft soils & high water table Christchurch volcanic rocks greywacke bedrock Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 9. Barnes et al, 2011 Regional Hikurangi Fault Subduction margin Patterns Wellington Christchurch Alpine Fault Jongens et al, 2012 Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 10. Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 11. Magnitude vs Time ( up to February 2013 ) Magnitude generally felt often not felt incomplete detection • More than 2 years of aftershocks have had major psycho-social impacts Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 12. Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 13. 6.5 Ka New Zealand Historical Atlas 1997 7 Ka 5 Ka 8 Ka 3 Ka 2 Ka 1 Ka Why is liquefaction such an issue in eastern Christchurch? Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 14. Subsurface conditions in central Christchurch are now well known and not especially difficult for rebuilding Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science
  • 15. Questions ……………. Seismics & the City, 2013 Natural Hazards Research Platform GNS Science