Theorist : Dorothea Orem (1914-2007).
She worked as a staff nurse, private duty nurse, nurse educator and administrator and nurse consultant.
Kufa University - College of Nursing
Orems theory ppt for M.Sc. nursing 1st yearShweta Kumar
Introduction: Orem defines self-care as a learned, goal oriented activity directed towards the self in the interest of maintaining life, health, development and well being. The goal of Orem’s theory is to help the client perform self-care.
Biography of theorist Dorothea E Orem: Dorothea E Orem was born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 15, 1914. She was a nursing theorist and creator of the ‘ Self-care deficit ’ nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing.
Orem’s General Theory Of Nursing: Orem (1991) states her general theory. Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory Of Nursing, which is composed of three interrelated theories: 1) Theory of self-care: Self-care, self-care agency, basic conditioning factors, the therapeutic self-care demand, self-care requisites- Universal (Activities of daily living [ADL]), Developmental, Health deviation
2) Theory of self-care deficit, 3) Theory of nursing systems: Wholly compensatory system, partly compensatory system, supportive educative system.
Orem’s theory and nursing metaparadigm:Definition of metaparadigm- “ the concept that identify the phenomenon of central interest to a discipline ; the prepositions that describe those concepts and their relationships to each other.”
Nursing metaparadigm concepts: *Nursing,* Health, *Environment, *Human being.
Orem’s theory and nursing process:
Nursing process- 1)Assessment, 2)Nursing diagnosis, 3)Plans with scientific rationale, 4)Implementation, 5)Evaluation
Orem’s nursing process- 1)Diagnosis and prescription ; determine why nursing is needed. Analyze and interpret- make judgements regarding care. 2)Design of a nursing system and plan for delivery of care. 3)Production and management of nursing systems.
Orem’s work and the characteristics of a theory:- *Theories must be logical in nature,* simple yet generalizable,*basis of hypothesis that can be tested,* assist in increasing the general body of knowledge,* practitioners to guide and improve their practice,* consistent with other validated theories , laws and principles.
Strengths of Orem’s theory:-
Limitations of Orem’s theory:-
Application of Orem's Self-Care Deficit theory: Evaluation of the application of self care deficit theory:
Summary: Orem presents her general theory of nursing, The self care deficit theory of nursing , which is composed of three interrelated theories of self care, self care deficit and nursing systems. This theory is used as basis for nursing school curriculum and base of nursing information system.
Orems theory ppt for M.Sc. nursing 1st yearShweta Kumar
Introduction: Orem defines self-care as a learned, goal oriented activity directed towards the self in the interest of maintaining life, health, development and well being. The goal of Orem’s theory is to help the client perform self-care.
Biography of theorist Dorothea E Orem: Dorothea E Orem was born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 15, 1914. She was a nursing theorist and creator of the ‘ Self-care deficit ’ nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing.
Orem’s General Theory Of Nursing: Orem (1991) states her general theory. Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory Of Nursing, which is composed of three interrelated theories: 1) Theory of self-care: Self-care, self-care agency, basic conditioning factors, the therapeutic self-care demand, self-care requisites- Universal (Activities of daily living [ADL]), Developmental, Health deviation
2) Theory of self-care deficit, 3) Theory of nursing systems: Wholly compensatory system, partly compensatory system, supportive educative system.
Orem’s theory and nursing metaparadigm:Definition of metaparadigm- “ the concept that identify the phenomenon of central interest to a discipline ; the prepositions that describe those concepts and their relationships to each other.”
Nursing metaparadigm concepts: *Nursing,* Health, *Environment, *Human being.
Orem’s theory and nursing process:
Nursing process- 1)Assessment, 2)Nursing diagnosis, 3)Plans with scientific rationale, 4)Implementation, 5)Evaluation
Orem’s nursing process- 1)Diagnosis and prescription ; determine why nursing is needed. Analyze and interpret- make judgements regarding care. 2)Design of a nursing system and plan for delivery of care. 3)Production and management of nursing systems.
Orem’s work and the characteristics of a theory:- *Theories must be logical in nature,* simple yet generalizable,*basis of hypothesis that can be tested,* assist in increasing the general body of knowledge,* practitioners to guide and improve their practice,* consistent with other validated theories , laws and principles.
Strengths of Orem’s theory:-
Limitations of Orem’s theory:-
Application of Orem's Self-Care Deficit theory: Evaluation of the application of self care deficit theory:
Summary: Orem presents her general theory of nursing, The self care deficit theory of nursing , which is composed of three interrelated theories of self care, self care deficit and nursing systems. This theory is used as basis for nursing school curriculum and base of nursing information system.
The state of having addressed basic needs for ease, relief, and transcendence met in 4 contexts of experience (physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental)
Comfort involves identifying the comprehensive needs of patients, families, and nurses and addressing those needs.
Ergonomics- comfort at the workplace, promotes optimum function or productivity (Kolcaba &Kolcaba, 1991)
NANDA- comfort in terms of pain management
Confortare Latin- to strengthen gently
This theory will be helpful for Nurses and Student nurses while caring critically ill patient and understand how levels of prevention will be beneficial in internal, external and created environment of mankind.
1. To be able to differentiate, apply and identify the various models of nursing theories and approaches in all phases of life.
2. To know the essential value of formal nursing conceptual models and understand the provision of a shared view of the metaparadigm concepts (person, environment, health and nursing).
3. Be able to focus on nursing's role: to work with patients to manage their health problems/life processes.
The state of having addressed basic needs for ease, relief, and transcendence met in 4 contexts of experience (physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental)
Comfort involves identifying the comprehensive needs of patients, families, and nurses and addressing those needs.
Ergonomics- comfort at the workplace, promotes optimum function or productivity (Kolcaba &Kolcaba, 1991)
NANDA- comfort in terms of pain management
Confortare Latin- to strengthen gently
This theory will be helpful for Nurses and Student nurses while caring critically ill patient and understand how levels of prevention will be beneficial in internal, external and created environment of mankind.
1. To be able to differentiate, apply and identify the various models of nursing theories and approaches in all phases of life.
2. To know the essential value of formal nursing conceptual models and understand the provision of a shared view of the metaparadigm concepts (person, environment, health and nursing).
3. Be able to focus on nursing's role: to work with patients to manage their health problems/life processes.
Humans require deliberate input to self and environment to be alive and to function
The power to act deliberately, is exercised in caring for self and others
Appraise the component of various nursing theories; description, purpose, concepts, definition.
Discuss the application of nursing theories in nursing practice.
Nursing care plan based on self care deficit theory by Dorothea Orem. The process is on Medical Surgical Nursing. It is helpful for students of M.Sc Nursing.
Theory of self care includes of self-care, self-care agency, self-care requisites and therapeutic self-care demand. This theory promotes the goal of self-care
Self-Care: Activities performed independently by an individual to promote and maintain personal well-being throughout life.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
1. Dorothea Orem - Self-care theory
Prepared by :
MSc. Student : Amjed A. Shraida
Kufa University – College of
Nursing
1
2. • Theorist : Dorothea Orem (1914-2007).
• She worked as a staff nurse, private duty nurse,
nurse educator and administrator and nurse
consultant.
Introduction
2
3. Derivation of theory
1. Orem generated a simple yet important question: Why
do people need nursing?
2. Her answer was the inability of persons to provide
continuously for themselves the amount and quality of
required self-care because of situations of personal
health.
3
4. Nursing
Nursing is an art through which the practitioner of nursing gives
specialized assistance to persons with disabilities to meet needs of
self-care.
Humans
Humans are defined as “men, women, and children cared for
either singly or as social units,” and are the “material object” of
nurses and others who provide direct care.
Metaparadigm of the Self-Care
Deficit Theory
4
5. Environment
The environment has physical, chemical and biological
features. It includes the family, culture, and community.
Health
Health is a state of physical–psychological, structural–
functional soundness and wholeness.
5
6. Self-care deficit nursing theory : grand theory
originally composed of three interrelated theories:
A. the theory of self-care,
B. the theory of self-care deficit,
C. the theory of nursing systems.
6
8. A) Theory of Self-Care (TSC) :
This theory Includes:
1. Self-care : practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform
on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being.
2. Self-care agency : is the human’s ability or power to engage in self-
care and is affected by basic conditioning factors.
Basic conditioning factors are age, gender, developmental state,
health state, sociocultural orientation, healthcare system factors,
family system factors, pattern of living, environmental factors, and
resource availability and adequacy
8
9. 3. Therapeutic Self-care Demand : which is the total self-care actions
to be performed over a specific duration to meet self-care
requisites by using valid methods and related sets of operations
and actions;
4. Self-care Requisites or requirements can be defined as the purposes
or goals for which actions are performed for life, health, and well-
being. It is presented in three categories:
9
10. Categories of Self-care Requisites or
requirements
a. Universal self-care requisites : requisites are necessary for all human
beings of all ages and in all conditions , include
Sufficient intake of air , Water and Food
Balance between activity and rest
Balance between solitude and social interaction
Prevention of hazard
Promotion of normalcy : The goal is promotion of human functioning
and development within social groups in accord with human potential,
human limitations, and the human desire to be normal
10
11. b. Developmental self-care requisites : Developmental self-care requisites
are associated with developmental processes, derived from a condition
or associated with an event.
c. Health deviation self-care requisites are required in conditions of illness,
injury, or disease. These include:
Seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance
Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic
conditions
Effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures
Modifying self-concepts to accept oneself as being in a particular state of
health and in specific forms of health care
Learning to live with the effects of pathologic conditions.
11
12. B) Theory of self-care deficit, specifies when nursing is needed.
According to Orem, nursing is required when an adult is incapable or
limited in the provision of continuous, effective self-care.
The theory identifies five methods of helping:
1. acting for and doing for others;
2. guiding others;
3. supporting another;
4. providing an environment promoting personal development in relation
to meet future demands;
5. teaching another.
12
13. C) The theory of nursing systems describes how the patient’s self-care
needs will be met by the nurse, the patient, or by both.
Orem identifies three classifications of nursing system to meet the self-
care requisites of the patient:
1. Wholly compensatory system,
2. Partly compensatory system,
3. Supportive-educative system.
13
15. Major assumptions
People should be self-reliant and responsible for their own care and
others in their family needing care
People are distinct individuals
Nursing is a form of action – interaction between two or more persons
Successfully meeting universal and development self-care requisites is an
important component of primary care prevention and ill health
A person’s knowledge of potential health problems is necessary for
promoting self-care behaviors
Self-care and dependent care are behaviors learned within a socio-
cultural context
15
16. Strength
1. It is applicable for nursing by the beginning practitioner as well as
the advanced clinicians.
2. Provides a comprehensive basis for nursing practice, nursing
education and administration.
3. The terms self-care, nursing systems, and self-care deficit are
easily understood by the beginning student nurse
4. She specifically defines when nursing is needed
5. Self-care approach is contemporary with the concepts of health
promotion and health maintenance.
16
17. Limitations
Orem’s theory is simple yet complex. The use of self-care in
multitudes of terms, such as self-care agency, self-care demand,
self-care deficit, self-care requisites, and universal self-care, can
be very confusing to the reader.
Orem’s definition of health was confined in three static conditions
which she refers to a “concrete nursing system,” which connotes
rigidity.
Throughout her work, there is limited acknowledgement of the
individual’s emotional needs.
Health is often viewed as dynamic and ever-changing.
17
18. Dorothea Orem’s Theory and The
Nursing Process
Assessment
Diagnosis and prescription; determine why nursing is
needed.
Analyze and interpret by making a judgment regarding
care.
Design of a nursing system and plan for delivery of care.
Production and management of nursing systems.
18
19. Step 1 – Collect Data in Six Areas
1. The person’s health status
2. The physician’s perspective of the person’s health status
3. The person’s perspective of his or health
4. The health goals within the context of life history, lifestyle,
and health status.
5. The person’s requirements for self-care
6. The person’s capacity to perform self-care
19
20. Step 2 - Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plans
The nurse designs a system that is wholly or partly compensatory
or supportive-educative.
The two actions are: (1) Bringing out a good organization of the
components of patients’ therapeutic self-care demands. (2)
Selection of combination of ways of helping that will be effective
and efficient in compensating for/overcoming patient’s self-care
deficits.
20
21. Step 3 Implementation & Evaluation
Nurse assists the patient or family in self-care matters to
achieve identified and described health and health-related
results. Collecting evidence in evaluating results achieved
against results specified in the nursing system design.
Actions are directed by etiology component of nursing
diagnosis.
21
22. Application of Orem’s theory to nursing
process
Nursing diagnosis Planning
Method of
helping
Interventions
Inability to maintain the ideal
nutrition related to inadequate
intake and knowledge deficit
To achieve optimal
levels of nutrition.
Guidance ,
support ,
teaching
Mutually planning and
identified the objectives
and make the patient
understand about the
required changes in the
behavior to have the
requisites met.
22