This document discusses different types of domes and vaults used in architecture. It defines a dome as a rounded vault resembling half of a sphere, which can be supported by columns transitioning to the dome. The main types of domes discussed are geodesic, hemispherical, umbrella, onion, and oval domes. Geodesic domes use a network of triangles to create a self-bracing structure. Vaults are ceilings built on arch principles, with common types being barrel, groin, rib, and fan vaults. Barrel vaults are semi-circular, while groin vaults are formed by intersecting barrel vaults. Rib vaults use reinforcing ribs.

1. DOME AND VAULT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION III
NOBLE ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE, JUNAGADH AR.VAISHALI DARANIYA

2. DOME DEFINITION
A DOME IS A ELEMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
THAT RESEMBLES(FEATURE) THE HOLLOW
UPPER HALF OF THE SPHERE.
DOME IS ROUNDED VAULT MADE OF
CURVED SEGMENTS, MEANING AN ARCH
ROTATED AROUND ITS CENTRAL AXIS.
A MASONRY DOME PRODUCES AN
THRUST(SLOPE) DOWNWARD AND
OUTWARD SO DOMES CAN BE DIVIDED
INTO 2 KINDS: SIMPLE AND COMPOUND ,
DEPENDING ON THE USE.
A DOME CAN BE SUPPORTED BY
COLUMNS OR PIERS THAT TRANSITION TO
THE DOME THROUGH QUENCHES OR
PENDENTIVES.

3. TYPES OF DOME
❖GEODESIC DOME
❖ HEMISPHERICAL DOME
❖ UMBRELLA DOME
❖ ONION DOME
❖ OVAL DOME

4. GEODESIC DOME
GEODESIC DOME IS A SPHERE
OR SAY PARTIAL SPHERICAL
STRUCTURE BASED ON A
NETWORK OF GREAT CIRCLES
ON THE SURFACE OF A SPHERE.
THE TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS
FORMED BY NETWORK MAKES IT
RIGID AND ALSO HELPS IN
DISTRIBUTING STRESS OF THE
STRUCTURE.
ITS MAIN PART IS THE JOINTS
THAT COMPLETES THE WHOLE
SPHERE.
Spaceship Earth At Epcot Walt Disney
World A Geodesic Sphere

5. GEODESIC DOME
THE GEODESIC DOME WAS INVENTED IN THE 1950S BY AMERICAN
ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT BUCKMINSTER FULLER.
A GEODESIC DOME IS A SPHERE-LIKE STRUCTURE COMPOSED OF A
COMPLEX NETWORK OF TRIANGLES. THE TRIANGLES CREATE A SELF-
BRACING FRAMEWORK THAT GIVES STRUCTURAL STRENGTH WHILE USING
A MINIMUM OF MATERIAL.
THE TERM GEODESIC IS FROM LATIN, MEANING EARTH DIVIDING.
IT BEING A COLLECTION OF TRIANGLES WHICH, BY STAYING IN STATE OF
TENSION, TOGETHER FORMS IN THE SPACE A HYPOTHETICAL SPHERE.

6. HEMISPHERICAL DOME
➢THE HEMISPHERICAL DOME IS HALF OF A SPHERE.
Gol gumbaz, Karnataka Cathedral at Valencia, Spain

7. UMBRELLA DOME
THESE ARE A TYPE OF DOME
DIVIDED AT THE BASE INTO
CURVED SEGMENTS, WHICH
FOLLOW THE CURVE OF THE
ELEVATION.
THE "RIBS" OF A DOME ARE THE
RADIAL LINES OF MASONRY THAT
EXTEND FROM THE CROWN
DOWN TO THE SPRINGING.
St.Peter's basilica, Rome

8. ONION DOME
AN ONION DOME IS A DOME WHOSE SHAPE RESEMBLES AN ONION.
SUCH DOMES ARE OFTEN LARGER IN DIAMETER THAN THE DRUM UPON
WHICH THEY SIT, AND THEIR HEIGHT USUALLY EXCEEDS THEIR WIDTH.
IT IS A TYPICAL FEATURE OF EAST SLAVIC CHURCHES, ESPECIALLY IN RUSSIA.
St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow Cathedral of the Assumption

9. OVAL DOME
AN OVAL DOME IS A DOME OF OVAL SHAPE IN PLAN, PROFILE, OR BOTH.
THE TERM COMES FROM THE LATIN OVUM, MEANING "EGG“.
St. Peter's Basilica
Residential building

10. VAULT DEFINITION
A VAULT IS A CEILING OF BRICK , CONCRETE , STONE , TIMBER , ETC BUILT
IN PRINCIPLE OF ARCH.
TYPES 0F VAULTS
• BARREL VAULT
• GROIN VAULT
• RIB VAULT
• FAN VAULT

11. TYPES OF VAULT

12. BARREL VAULT
A BARREL VAULT IS GENERALLY SEMI-
CIRCULAR IN CROSS SECTION .
THE BARREL VAULT IS THE SIMPLEST FORM
OF A VAULT ,EFFECTIVELY A SERIES OF
ARCHES PLACED SIDE BY SIDE, I.E., ONE
AFTER ANOTHER.
THE BAREL VAULT IS THE MOST STRAIGHT
FORWARD SINGLE CURVATURE SHELL
CONSTRUCTION.
TWO TYPES OF BARREL VAULTS :
1. LONG SPAN BARREL VAULTS
2. SHORT SPAN BARREL VAULTS

13. GROIN VAULT
THE WORD “GROIN” REFERS TO THE EDGE BETWEEN THE INTERSECTING VAULTS.
A GROIN VAULT IS CREATED BY TWO BARREL VAULTS INTERSECTING AT RIGHT
ANGLES. THE ARCHES OF VAULTS ARE ROUNDED OR POINTED. A GROIN VAULT ALSO
KNOWN AS A DOUBLE BARREL VAULT.
the Palladio’s Palazzo della Ragione, Vicenza

14. RIB VAULT
RIBBED VAULT IS DEFINED AS THE INTERSECTION OF TWO OR THREE BARREL VAULTS.
RIB VAULTS IS REINFORCED BY MASONRY RIBS.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF RIB VAULT
➢QUADRIPARTITE RIB VAULT : WHEN TWO MASONRY RIBS DIVIDING INTO 4
SECTIONS.
➢SEXPARTITE RIB VAULT: WHEN THREE MASONRY RIBS DIVIDING INTO 6 SECTIONS.
Cathedral of Reims, France

15. FAN VAULT
A FAN VAULT IS A FORM OF VAULT USED IN THE
GOTHIC STYLE, IN WHICH THE RIBS ARE ALL OF
THE SAME CURVE AND SPACED EQUIDISTANTLY,
IN A MANNER RESEMBLING A FAN.
King's College Chapel, Cambridge
Bath Abbey,
South aisle

16. THANK TOU
NOBLE ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE, JUNAGADH AR.VAISHALI DARANIYA