Silica fume is a finely-divided mineral admixture that fills voids between cement particles, resulting in very dense concrete with high compressive strength and low permeability. It works by filling voids created by water in the concrete matrix through particle packing. Advantages include lower permeability, higher strength, improved durability, reduced alkali-silica reactivity, and improved resistance to attack. It is used to produce high strength, corrosion resistant, and abrasion resistant concrete, as well as products like sewer pipes.
Permeability of concrete, chemical attack, acid attack, efflorescence, Corrosion in concrete. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat. Alkali Aggregate Reaction
Analysis of properties of plastic coated aggregate for construction ...Daanish Zama
By using the waste plastic as a coated material to the
aggregates, properties of aggregates were improved with
different percentages of Waste plastics.
The document discusses bitumen, asphalt and gypsum. It provides details on:
- Bitumen is a semi-solid hydrocarbon produced from crude oil refining and is used mainly in road construction as the binder in asphalt.
- Asphalt is a mixture of small stones, sand, filler and bitumen used as a road paving material.
- Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate used in construction materials like plasterboard and as a fertilizer.
The document provides an overview of the construction of cement concrete roads by the Public Works Department. It discusses the types of pavements including flexible, semi-rigid and rigid concrete pavements. It describes the materials used like cement, sand, aggregate and their proportions. It outlines the procedure for constructing concrete pavement which involves preparation of subgrade, formwork, mixing concrete, placing, compaction, curing and joint filling. It also discusses cost analysis and concludes with the advantages of concrete roads over other pavement types.
This document discusses the importance of bridge maintenance, rehabilitation, and repair. It begins by defining a bridge and providing examples of important bridges in India. It then covers topics like bridge inspection procedures, common causes of bridge deterioration over time, and different maintenance and repair techniques. Regular inspection and timely repair or replacement of bridges is necessary for safety reasons, as bridge failures can lead to loss of life and disrupt transportation. Proper maintenance plays a vital role in ensuring bridges continue serving their important purpose of transportation.
Silica fume is a finely-divided mineral admixture that fills voids between cement particles, resulting in very dense concrete with high compressive strength and low permeability. It works by filling voids created by water in the concrete matrix through particle packing. Advantages include lower permeability, higher strength, improved durability, reduced alkali-silica reactivity, and improved resistance to attack. It is used to produce high strength, corrosion resistant, and abrasion resistant concrete, as well as products like sewer pipes.
Permeability of concrete, chemical attack, acid attack, efflorescence, Corrosion in concrete. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat. Alkali Aggregate Reaction
Analysis of properties of plastic coated aggregate for construction ...Daanish Zama
By using the waste plastic as a coated material to the
aggregates, properties of aggregates were improved with
different percentages of Waste plastics.
The document discusses bitumen, asphalt and gypsum. It provides details on:
- Bitumen is a semi-solid hydrocarbon produced from crude oil refining and is used mainly in road construction as the binder in asphalt.
- Asphalt is a mixture of small stones, sand, filler and bitumen used as a road paving material.
- Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate used in construction materials like plasterboard and as a fertilizer.
The document provides an overview of the construction of cement concrete roads by the Public Works Department. It discusses the types of pavements including flexible, semi-rigid and rigid concrete pavements. It describes the materials used like cement, sand, aggregate and their proportions. It outlines the procedure for constructing concrete pavement which involves preparation of subgrade, formwork, mixing concrete, placing, compaction, curing and joint filling. It also discusses cost analysis and concludes with the advantages of concrete roads over other pavement types.
This document discusses the importance of bridge maintenance, rehabilitation, and repair. It begins by defining a bridge and providing examples of important bridges in India. It then covers topics like bridge inspection procedures, common causes of bridge deterioration over time, and different maintenance and repair techniques. Regular inspection and timely repair or replacement of bridges is necessary for safety reasons, as bridge failures can lead to loss of life and disrupt transportation. Proper maintenance plays a vital role in ensuring bridges continue serving their important purpose of transportation.
This document provides a layout of an RMC plant facility spread over 2 acres. The layout includes areas for truck washing, staff rooms, water tanks, labs, cement and fly ash silos, blower rooms, DG sets, control rooms, aggregate storage, and a mixing platform elevated at 12 meters. The facility has sections for raw material storage, cement storage sheds, and a 10 meter elevated area for cement storage silos and a mixing platform.
energy dissipator in hydraulic structure Kiran Jadhav
This document discusses energy dissipators, which are structures that reduce the kinetic energy of water flowing over spillways to prevent erosion. It describes two main types of energy dissipators - stilling basins and bucket dissipators. Stilling basins use either horizontal or sloping concrete aprons and hydraulic jumps to dissipate energy. Bucket dissipators include solid roller, slotted roller, and ski jump designs. The document explains how dissipator selection depends on the relationship between tailwater curve and flow depth. Appropriate dissipators maintain stable hydraulic jumps or direct flow into the air to safely dissipate kinetic energy for different tailwater conditions.
The document provides details about the construction of the CC-27 metro corridor project in Delhi. It discusses the proposed route, construction methods used at different stations, specifications of materials like concrete mixes, and repair works. The bottom-up construction approach is used at Vasant Vihar due to hard rock, while soft soil at Hauz Khas uses a top-down method. Waterproofing involves applying a two-component polyurethane coating after priming and adding aggregates to the primer layer.
This document discusses glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC), which is a composite material made of cement mortar reinforced with glass fibers. It explains that the addition of glass fibers improves several properties of concrete, including increasing tensile strength, reducing cracking from shrinkage, and improving durability. The key factors that affect GFRC properties are the relative amounts of fiber and matrix, fiber aspect ratio, fiber orientation, and workability of the concrete mixture. Different types of glass fibers include A-glass, C-glass, E-glass, and S-glass. GFRC has applications in exterior ornamentation, interior details, landscape furnishings, and infrastructure projects due to its strength, impact resistance, and durability.
The repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures is necessary to extend their lifespan and ensure durability by restoring structural systems to their original positions. Deterioration can be caused by various factors and have effects that endanger safety and utility, requiring distressed structures to be brought back to line, level, and required strength through rehabilitation methods and materials. Tests are available to determine deterioration in structures in need of rehabilitation through case studies of damaged buildings.
This document discusses different types of light weight concrete, including light weight aggregate concrete, aerated concrete, and no-fines concrete. Light weight concrete has lower density than normal concrete, ranging from 300-1850 kg/m3 compared to 2200-2600 kg/m3. It has advantages like reduced dead load, improved workability, and applications in pre-stressed concrete and high-rise buildings. The main methods to produce light weight concrete are using porous aggregates, incorporating air bubbles, or omitting fine aggregates. Properties depend on the type and density, with compressive strengths ranging from 0.3-40 MPa.
This document provides information on bridge planning, design, classification and components. It discusses:
1. The key steps in bridge planning including studying needs, alternatives, design and implementation.
2. Common bridge classifications including material (masonry, concrete, steel), structural type (slab, girder, truss), and purpose (road, rail).
3. The main components of a typical T-beam bridge including the deck slab, longitudinal girders, cross girders, abutments and foundations. Methods for designing the deck slab and cantilever portions are outlined.
Scientists have identified this commonly used sealcoat as a major source of dangerous chemicals in streams and lakes, and as a significant health risk to the public, especially young children. These chemicals, which will are discussed in depth in the webinar, are found in the sediments of nearby lakes and streams from pavements coated with this type of product.
Our expert speaker is Dr. Barbara Mahler, a Research Hydrologist with the USGS at the Texas Water Science Center. She is part of the Contaminant Trends in Lake Sediments (CTLS) team, which uses cores of sediments from lakes to reconstruct the contaminant histories of watersheds.
This document provides information on doubly reinforced concrete beams. It introduces the concept of doubly reinforced beams, which have reinforcement in both the tension and compression zones. This allows for an increased moment of resistance compared to singly reinforced beams. The key advantages of doubly reinforced beams are that they can be used when the applied moment exceeds the capacity of a singly reinforced beam, when beam depth cannot be increased, or when reversal of stresses may occur. The document includes stress diagrams, design concepts, and differences between singly and doubly reinforced beams.
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete lintels. It describes what a lintel is and the different types of lintels used, including timber, stone, brick, steel, and reinforced concrete lintels. Reinforced concrete lintels are most widely used today due to their strength, rigidity, fire resistance, and economy. The document provides the design steps for RCC lintels, including determining the effective depth and span, calculating loads and bending moment, sizing tension and shear reinforcement, and providing detailing. It also includes an example problem showing the design of an RCC lintel with given dimensions and reinforcement.
Structural health monitoring and concrete protection methods are needed to protect structures from environmental damage and corrosion. Concrete protection includes hydrophobic impregnation, painting, oils and sealers to prevent water and chemical ingress. Reinforcement can be protected through galvanization, corrosion-inhibiting admixtures, and cathodic protection. Self-regulating anodes provide galvanic protection to reinforced concrete through sacrificial corrosion of the anode material. Structural health monitoring assesses structural condition over time using automated methods to predict remaining lifespan.
Förkortad väglivslängd - Orsaker och kostnaderJohan Granlund
Vägar ska vara rätt dimensionerade, byggda & underhållna så att de inte slits onormalt snabbt. Men många vägar är underdimensionerade och vägmaterialet är felvalt. De flesta orsaker till vägars förkortade livslängd beror inte på trafiklast. Snarare handlar det om fel som byggs in från start, och därefter om bristande vägunderhåll, minskad bärighet på grund av otillräcklig dränering, tjälskador, m.m.
Asfalt av normal kvalitet tål till vägsalt, men det gör inte asfalt av dålig kvalitet. Vägsaltet kan i det senare fallet skapa ett osmotiskt tryck som spränger beläggningen inifrån. Asfalt av bättre kvalitet skulle inte heller nötas ned av dubbdäck i samma omfattning som i dag är en realitet på många vägar.
Av 11 analyserade typer av lastbilsekipage, ger 74-tons ekipage på välbyggd väg lägst vägslitagekostnad per ton last och kilometer. Det beror på att lasten fördelas över så många axelpar att marktrycket blir lågt. Dyrast vägslitage vållas av 40-tons EU-semitrailers.
Bara en fjärdedel av Trafikverkets underhållskostnader på det statliga vägnätet härrör från trafiklast, till exempel dubbdäck från personbilar och nedbrytning under tunga fordon. Utredningen visar att tre fjärdedelar av vägslitaget beror på andra orsaker som t.ex. brister i underhåll, försenat underhåll, byggfel med underdimensionering, brist på planfräsning före asfaltering, åldring och oxidation av asfalt, otillräcklig dränering, tjälsprickor och tjäldeformationer, samt sättningar i undergrunden.
Dokumentets datum 2016-09-27
In this paper, the authors have discussed about the replacement of aggregates by discarded tyre rubber. This type of concrete is known as “Rubcrete”. It will cover the problems with the natural aggregate and also the reasons behind the use of rubber. The types of tyre rubber that are used, influence of size and content of rubber on concrete, effect of surface texture are discussed. Change in the properties of rubcrete over the conventional concrete, in hardened and fresh state such as slump, unit weight, air content, plastic shrinkage, mechanical strength been discussed. Paper covers the mechanisms behind the strength change, impact resistance, heat and sound insulation, freezing and thawing resistance of rubcrete. At the last, discussion on applications of rubcrete.
Seminar Presentation "Pavements failures and their maintenance"ctakshaykumar1
This document summarizes common pavement failures and their causes and maintenance methods. It describes 7 types of failures: cracking, potholes, rutting, shoving, raveling, bleeding. Cracking can be alligator, block, longitudinal/transverse, or reflection. Potholes form from untreated cracking. Rutting and shoving are caused by traffic loads. Raveling occurs from aggregate loss. Bleeding makes the surface shiny and tacky. The document provides details on each failure and recommends remedial measures such as patching, sealing, overlaying, or resurfacing. The goal is to repair the pavement and prevent further deterioration.
Concrete , CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE AND USESSANJEEV Wazir
This document discusses concrete, including its classification, uses, and properties. Concrete is classified according to its binding material (cement or lime), design (plain, reinforced, or pre-stressed), and purpose (vacuum, air entrained, or lightweight). Reinforced concrete is commonly used in construction due to its strength in tensile, compressive, and shear stresses. Good concrete possesses qualities like strength, durability, density, water tightness, workability, and resistance to wear and tear.
The document summarizes a student group's summer training project constructing a box culvert for the North Western Railway in Banswara, India. It describes the project details, components and materials of the box culvert, laboratory and field tests conducted, concrete mix design, construction layout, execution process, and structural analysis considering various loads. The students gained hands-on experience applying their classroom knowledge to the real-world construction of the box culvert.
Plastic roads are constructed using waste plastic that is shredded and mixed with hot bitumen and aggregates. Field trials showed plastic roads perform better than conventional roads with increased strength, durability and resistance to water and wear. Plastic roads reduce disposal of plastic waste while enhancing road properties like stability and binding. However, concerns exist around toxic leaching from plastic during construction and maintenance of plastic roads.
This document summarizes the key aspects of flat slab construction and design according to Indian code IS 456-2000. It defines flat slabs as slabs that are directly supported by columns without beams, and describes four common types based on whether drops and column heads are used. The main topics covered include guidelines for proportioning slabs and drops, methods for determining bending moments and shear forces, requirements for slab reinforcement, and an example problem demonstrating the design of an interior flat slab panel.
This document provides an overview of traveling overland through Asia, beginning in Beijing and exploring destinations along the Trans-Siberian and Trans-Mongolian railways such as Mongolia, Siberia, and Moscow before ending in St. Petersburg. Details are given about included accommodations, meals, guides and transportation for various tour packages with different levels of inclusion and flexibility. Popular times to travel and cultural festivals along the route are also mentioned. Contact information is provided to book a tour.
The Trans-Siberian railway is considered one of the greatest train journeys in the world, as it travels through the heart of Russia, connecting Moscow to Vladivostok over 9,300 km and passing through 12 regions and 87 cities. A virtual journey on Google Maps allows viewers to see scenic places along the famous route, including Lake Baikal, mountains, and rivers, without leaving their home.
This document provides a layout of an RMC plant facility spread over 2 acres. The layout includes areas for truck washing, staff rooms, water tanks, labs, cement and fly ash silos, blower rooms, DG sets, control rooms, aggregate storage, and a mixing platform elevated at 12 meters. The facility has sections for raw material storage, cement storage sheds, and a 10 meter elevated area for cement storage silos and a mixing platform.
energy dissipator in hydraulic structure Kiran Jadhav
This document discusses energy dissipators, which are structures that reduce the kinetic energy of water flowing over spillways to prevent erosion. It describes two main types of energy dissipators - stilling basins and bucket dissipators. Stilling basins use either horizontal or sloping concrete aprons and hydraulic jumps to dissipate energy. Bucket dissipators include solid roller, slotted roller, and ski jump designs. The document explains how dissipator selection depends on the relationship between tailwater curve and flow depth. Appropriate dissipators maintain stable hydraulic jumps or direct flow into the air to safely dissipate kinetic energy for different tailwater conditions.
The document provides details about the construction of the CC-27 metro corridor project in Delhi. It discusses the proposed route, construction methods used at different stations, specifications of materials like concrete mixes, and repair works. The bottom-up construction approach is used at Vasant Vihar due to hard rock, while soft soil at Hauz Khas uses a top-down method. Waterproofing involves applying a two-component polyurethane coating after priming and adding aggregates to the primer layer.
This document discusses glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC), which is a composite material made of cement mortar reinforced with glass fibers. It explains that the addition of glass fibers improves several properties of concrete, including increasing tensile strength, reducing cracking from shrinkage, and improving durability. The key factors that affect GFRC properties are the relative amounts of fiber and matrix, fiber aspect ratio, fiber orientation, and workability of the concrete mixture. Different types of glass fibers include A-glass, C-glass, E-glass, and S-glass. GFRC has applications in exterior ornamentation, interior details, landscape furnishings, and infrastructure projects due to its strength, impact resistance, and durability.
The repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures is necessary to extend their lifespan and ensure durability by restoring structural systems to their original positions. Deterioration can be caused by various factors and have effects that endanger safety and utility, requiring distressed structures to be brought back to line, level, and required strength through rehabilitation methods and materials. Tests are available to determine deterioration in structures in need of rehabilitation through case studies of damaged buildings.
This document discusses different types of light weight concrete, including light weight aggregate concrete, aerated concrete, and no-fines concrete. Light weight concrete has lower density than normal concrete, ranging from 300-1850 kg/m3 compared to 2200-2600 kg/m3. It has advantages like reduced dead load, improved workability, and applications in pre-stressed concrete and high-rise buildings. The main methods to produce light weight concrete are using porous aggregates, incorporating air bubbles, or omitting fine aggregates. Properties depend on the type and density, with compressive strengths ranging from 0.3-40 MPa.
This document provides information on bridge planning, design, classification and components. It discusses:
1. The key steps in bridge planning including studying needs, alternatives, design and implementation.
2. Common bridge classifications including material (masonry, concrete, steel), structural type (slab, girder, truss), and purpose (road, rail).
3. The main components of a typical T-beam bridge including the deck slab, longitudinal girders, cross girders, abutments and foundations. Methods for designing the deck slab and cantilever portions are outlined.
Scientists have identified this commonly used sealcoat as a major source of dangerous chemicals in streams and lakes, and as a significant health risk to the public, especially young children. These chemicals, which will are discussed in depth in the webinar, are found in the sediments of nearby lakes and streams from pavements coated with this type of product.
Our expert speaker is Dr. Barbara Mahler, a Research Hydrologist with the USGS at the Texas Water Science Center. She is part of the Contaminant Trends in Lake Sediments (CTLS) team, which uses cores of sediments from lakes to reconstruct the contaminant histories of watersheds.
This document provides information on doubly reinforced concrete beams. It introduces the concept of doubly reinforced beams, which have reinforcement in both the tension and compression zones. This allows for an increased moment of resistance compared to singly reinforced beams. The key advantages of doubly reinforced beams are that they can be used when the applied moment exceeds the capacity of a singly reinforced beam, when beam depth cannot be increased, or when reversal of stresses may occur. The document includes stress diagrams, design concepts, and differences between singly and doubly reinforced beams.
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete lintels. It describes what a lintel is and the different types of lintels used, including timber, stone, brick, steel, and reinforced concrete lintels. Reinforced concrete lintels are most widely used today due to their strength, rigidity, fire resistance, and economy. The document provides the design steps for RCC lintels, including determining the effective depth and span, calculating loads and bending moment, sizing tension and shear reinforcement, and providing detailing. It also includes an example problem showing the design of an RCC lintel with given dimensions and reinforcement.
Structural health monitoring and concrete protection methods are needed to protect structures from environmental damage and corrosion. Concrete protection includes hydrophobic impregnation, painting, oils and sealers to prevent water and chemical ingress. Reinforcement can be protected through galvanization, corrosion-inhibiting admixtures, and cathodic protection. Self-regulating anodes provide galvanic protection to reinforced concrete through sacrificial corrosion of the anode material. Structural health monitoring assesses structural condition over time using automated methods to predict remaining lifespan.
Förkortad väglivslängd - Orsaker och kostnaderJohan Granlund
Vägar ska vara rätt dimensionerade, byggda & underhållna så att de inte slits onormalt snabbt. Men många vägar är underdimensionerade och vägmaterialet är felvalt. De flesta orsaker till vägars förkortade livslängd beror inte på trafiklast. Snarare handlar det om fel som byggs in från start, och därefter om bristande vägunderhåll, minskad bärighet på grund av otillräcklig dränering, tjälskador, m.m.
Asfalt av normal kvalitet tål till vägsalt, men det gör inte asfalt av dålig kvalitet. Vägsaltet kan i det senare fallet skapa ett osmotiskt tryck som spränger beläggningen inifrån. Asfalt av bättre kvalitet skulle inte heller nötas ned av dubbdäck i samma omfattning som i dag är en realitet på många vägar.
Av 11 analyserade typer av lastbilsekipage, ger 74-tons ekipage på välbyggd väg lägst vägslitagekostnad per ton last och kilometer. Det beror på att lasten fördelas över så många axelpar att marktrycket blir lågt. Dyrast vägslitage vållas av 40-tons EU-semitrailers.
Bara en fjärdedel av Trafikverkets underhållskostnader på det statliga vägnätet härrör från trafiklast, till exempel dubbdäck från personbilar och nedbrytning under tunga fordon. Utredningen visar att tre fjärdedelar av vägslitaget beror på andra orsaker som t.ex. brister i underhåll, försenat underhåll, byggfel med underdimensionering, brist på planfräsning före asfaltering, åldring och oxidation av asfalt, otillräcklig dränering, tjälsprickor och tjäldeformationer, samt sättningar i undergrunden.
Dokumentets datum 2016-09-27
In this paper, the authors have discussed about the replacement of aggregates by discarded tyre rubber. This type of concrete is known as “Rubcrete”. It will cover the problems with the natural aggregate and also the reasons behind the use of rubber. The types of tyre rubber that are used, influence of size and content of rubber on concrete, effect of surface texture are discussed. Change in the properties of rubcrete over the conventional concrete, in hardened and fresh state such as slump, unit weight, air content, plastic shrinkage, mechanical strength been discussed. Paper covers the mechanisms behind the strength change, impact resistance, heat and sound insulation, freezing and thawing resistance of rubcrete. At the last, discussion on applications of rubcrete.
Seminar Presentation "Pavements failures and their maintenance"ctakshaykumar1
This document summarizes common pavement failures and their causes and maintenance methods. It describes 7 types of failures: cracking, potholes, rutting, shoving, raveling, bleeding. Cracking can be alligator, block, longitudinal/transverse, or reflection. Potholes form from untreated cracking. Rutting and shoving are caused by traffic loads. Raveling occurs from aggregate loss. Bleeding makes the surface shiny and tacky. The document provides details on each failure and recommends remedial measures such as patching, sealing, overlaying, or resurfacing. The goal is to repair the pavement and prevent further deterioration.
Concrete , CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE AND USESSANJEEV Wazir
This document discusses concrete, including its classification, uses, and properties. Concrete is classified according to its binding material (cement or lime), design (plain, reinforced, or pre-stressed), and purpose (vacuum, air entrained, or lightweight). Reinforced concrete is commonly used in construction due to its strength in tensile, compressive, and shear stresses. Good concrete possesses qualities like strength, durability, density, water tightness, workability, and resistance to wear and tear.
The document summarizes a student group's summer training project constructing a box culvert for the North Western Railway in Banswara, India. It describes the project details, components and materials of the box culvert, laboratory and field tests conducted, concrete mix design, construction layout, execution process, and structural analysis considering various loads. The students gained hands-on experience applying their classroom knowledge to the real-world construction of the box culvert.
Plastic roads are constructed using waste plastic that is shredded and mixed with hot bitumen and aggregates. Field trials showed plastic roads perform better than conventional roads with increased strength, durability and resistance to water and wear. Plastic roads reduce disposal of plastic waste while enhancing road properties like stability and binding. However, concerns exist around toxic leaching from plastic during construction and maintenance of plastic roads.
This document summarizes the key aspects of flat slab construction and design according to Indian code IS 456-2000. It defines flat slabs as slabs that are directly supported by columns without beams, and describes four common types based on whether drops and column heads are used. The main topics covered include guidelines for proportioning slabs and drops, methods for determining bending moments and shear forces, requirements for slab reinforcement, and an example problem demonstrating the design of an interior flat slab panel.
This document provides an overview of traveling overland through Asia, beginning in Beijing and exploring destinations along the Trans-Siberian and Trans-Mongolian railways such as Mongolia, Siberia, and Moscow before ending in St. Petersburg. Details are given about included accommodations, meals, guides and transportation for various tour packages with different levels of inclusion and flexibility. Popular times to travel and cultural festivals along the route are also mentioned. Contact information is provided to book a tour.
The Trans-Siberian railway is considered one of the greatest train journeys in the world, as it travels through the heart of Russia, connecting Moscow to Vladivostok over 9,300 km and passing through 12 regions and 87 cities. A virtual journey on Google Maps allows viewers to see scenic places along the famous route, including Lake Baikal, mountains, and rivers, without leaving their home.
This document provides information about Trans-Siberian rail trips offered by Russia Experience. It details various itinerary options for traveling by train from Moscow to destinations in Russia, Mongolia, and China. The Epic Trans-Sib option is a 17 or 18 night trip traveling from Moscow to Beijing and stopping in major cities along the route, including Irkutsk and Ulaanbaatar. The itinerary includes train travel, accommodations, meals, and guided sightseeing. Additional options varying in length and destinations visited are also available.
The document summarizes key regions of Russia and their geographical features. It discusses Russia's major rivers including the Volga, Ob, Yenisei and Lena rivers. It also describes key lakes such as Lake Baikal. Russia's major vegetation belts from north to south are described as tundra, taiga, mixed deciduous forest, and steppe. Agriculture, fishing, forestry and animal rearing are also summarized. Key industrial regions including the Moscow, Leningrad, Middle Volga, Urals and Kuznetsk regions are highlighted due to their mineral resources and industrial development factors.
The document provides information on 10 unique railways around the world. The Maeklong Market Railway in Thailand runs through a food market where stalls must move aside for passing trains. The Napier Gisborne Railway in New Zealand crosses an airport runway. The Train to the Clouds in Argentina climbs to over 13,850 feet in elevation through mountainous terrain.
Sundowners overland agent presentation ts, tm, sr + indiaKevin_Sundowners
This document describes an overland journey traveling across Asia, beginning in Beijing and exploring cities in China, Mongolia, Siberia, and ending in Moscow and St. Petersburg. It highlights attractions such as the Great Wall and Forbidden City in Beijing, experiencing Mongolian culture in gers, exploring Lake Baikal and Irkutsk in Siberia, and famous landmarks in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The document provides options for package tours with guides, independent travel, private trains, and customized experiences. It also notes the best times to travel are winter for landscapes and summer for cultural festivals.
Exposure Series: Trans-Siberian Train AdventuresJackie Wolf
I gave this PechaKucha like presentation on my experience traveling the Trans-Siverian railroad during the summer of 2013, as part of the North Quad Exposure Series. The series is intended for members of the University, Ann Arbor, and Detroit community to present and discuss on a wide range of interdisciplinary topics. What was intended to be a 6 minute 40 second presentation turned into a 35 minute talk due to technical complications. However, even after 35 minutes I still had stories to tell relating back to our rules of travel.
The document provides information about Kazan, the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. It describes Kazan's history and origins, notable landmarks like the Kazan Kremlin and Suyumbike Tower, the many universities and cultural institutions in the city, and Kazan's selection to host the 2013 Universiade (World Student Games). The document was produced by students of Gymnasium No. 2 in Kazan to welcome visitors to their city and school for the 2013 Universiade.
Moscow is the capital city of Russia located on the Moskva River. As an 860-year-old city, Moscow has played a central role in Russian history and was the capital of the former Soviet Union. It is a sprawling metropolis with numerous museums, Soviet-era architecture, and remnants of its imperial and Soviet past. Transportation around Moscow is primarily via the extensive metro system, buses, and taxis.
Draft russia february 2017 Dubai British Schoolmattbentley34
This itinerary provides an 8-day tour of Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia for a school group from Dubai British School. The tour includes guided sightseeing in both cities with visits to major landmarks like the Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow and the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. Travel between the cities involves an overnight train journey. A variety of meals and accommodations are included each day.
The document provides an overview of Uzbekistan, including information about its location in Central Asia and borders with neighboring countries. It details some of Uzbekistan's most famous landmarks like Registan Square in Samarkand and the Ismail Samani Mausoleum in Bukhara. The population breakdown is given, with Uzbeks making up the largest ethnic group at over 80%. Several festivals are also mentioned, including Navruz on the spring equinox and Islamic holidays like Ramadan.
This document summarizes a father and son's 18 day trip from Moscow to Hong Kong by land, air, and water. Some key stops on their journey included Kazan, Ekaterinenburg, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Ulan Bator, Beijing, Shanghai, Macao, and Hong Kong. Along the way, they took numerous long-distance train rides across Russia and Mongolia, saw many historical and cultural sites, and celebrated a birthday in Novosibirsk. The trip concluded with flights from Hong Kong back to Amsterdam, wrapping up their exploration of Eurasia.
The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the longest railway line in the world, stretching nearly 6,000 miles across Russia from Moscow to Vladivostok. It was an immense engineering feat to construct, traversing diverse landscapes and taking 14 years to complete at great human and financial cost. Though originally built to access Siberia's natural resources, the railroad also enabled migration and economic development while playing a strategic military role. Today it remains an iconic tourist attraction, transporting passengers in a range of accommodations from basic dormitories to private cabins.
The Moscow subway system has 138 stations that are decorated with marble, mosaics, sculptures, and statues depicting important events and figures from Russian history. During World War II, the deep subway stations provided shelter for thousands of residents from aerial bombings. The subway network has expanded over the years and now includes 9 color-coded lines serving the city center and outer suburbs. Subway stations are known for their architectural beauty and serve as museums displaying Russian culture and history.
Moscow is the capital city of Russia. It is a very large city with many attractions to see and things to do, including the Moscow Kremlin where the President works, the busy Tverskaya Street known for its shops and restaurants, the Large Stone Bridge next to the Kremlin, boat trips along the River Moscow to learn history, and Victory Park with museums and fountains. Moscow is a wonderful city to visit in any season.
Krasnoyarsk is a large, historic city located on both banks of the Yenisei River in Siberia. Founded in 1628, some of its notable landmarks include a sculpture of a silver horse, the birthplace of artist Vasily Surikov, and a monument of a famous Siberian artist featuring a "Czar fish," one of Krasnoyarsk's main symbols. The document provides a brief introduction to some attractions and monuments found in Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
The Moscow subway system has 138 stations, with some of the most beautiful located in the city center. The stations are known for their grand architectural designs and decorations, featuring marble columns, mosaics, sculptures, and statues depicting important events and figures from Russian history. During World War II, the deep subway stations provided shelter for thousands of Moscovites from aerial bombings. The subway continues to expand further into the suburbs with newer stations employing a more sober architecture. The system includes 9 color-coded lines to help passengers navigate the routes.
We offer guided tours of major landmarks in Moscow such as Saint Basil's Cathedral, Red Square, and the Kremlin via bus or helicopter. Our tours last approximately two hours and start at Saint Basil's Cathedral, then continue to Red Square for a half hour visit before concluding at the Kremlin of Moscow. We can be found online at russiatravel_2017 and russia12travel or by phone at +9496-4656-7865.
The document discusses the Moscow subway system, noting that it has 138 stations and is over 256 km long. It describes some of the most beautiful central stations that feature impressive architecture and decorations representing important events in Russian history. During World War II, the deep stations offered shelter from aerial bombings. New stations continue to be built further out as the lines expand.
The document discusses the Moscow subway system, noting that it has 138 stations and is over 256 km long. It began construction in 1930 and its stations in the city center are known for their beautiful architecture and decorations depicting important events in Russian history. During World War II, the deep subway stations offered shelter to Moscow residents from aerial bombings. The system continues to expand further into suburbs with newer, more soberly designed stations. It operates daily from 5:30 am to 1:30 am with trains running every 1 minute or less during busy times.
The document discusses the Moscow subway system, noting that it has 138 stations and is over 256 km long. It began construction in 1930 and its stations near the city center are known for their beautiful architecture and decorations depicting important events and figures from Russian history. During World War II, the deep subway stations offered shelter for Moscow residents from aerial bombings. The system continues to expand further into suburbs with newer, more soberly designed stations. It operates daily from 5:30 am to 1:30 am with trains running every 1 minute or less during busy times.
The document discusses the Moscow subway system, noting that it has 138 stations and is over 256 km long. It began construction in 1930 and its stations near the city center are some of the most beautiful, resembling museums or palaces with grand marble decorations depicting important events in Russian history. During World War II, the deep stations offered shelter from aerial bombings. New stations continue to be built further out as the lines expand. The system has 9 color-coded lines and operates from 5:30am to 1:30am with trains running every 1 minute or less during busy times.
The document discusses the Moscow subway system, noting that it has 138 stations and is over 256 km long. It describes some of the most beautiful central stations that feature impressive architecture and decorations representing important events in Russian history. During World War II, the deep stations offered shelter from aerial bombings. New stations continue to be built in the farther suburbs.
The document discusses the Moscow subway system, noting that it has 138 stations and is over 256 km long. It describes some of the most beautiful central stations that feature impressive architecture and decorations representing important events in Russian history. During World War II, the deep stations offered shelter from aerial bombings. New stations continue to be built further out as the lines expand.
The document discusses the Moscow subway system, noting that it has 138 stations and is over 256 km long. It began construction in 1930 and its stations near the city center are some of the most beautiful, resembling museums or palaces with grand marble decorations depicting important events in Russian history. During World War II, the deep stations offered shelter from aerial bombings. New stations continue to be built further out as the lines expand. The system has 9 color-coded lines and operates from 5:30am to 1:30am with trains running every 1 minute or less during busy times.
Similar to Doing The Trans-Siberian Railway In Style (20)
How do I plan a Kilimanjaro Climb?
Planning to climb Mount Kilimanjaro is an exciting yet detailed process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you prepare for this incredible adventure.
Discovering Egypt A Step-by-Step Guide to Planning Your Trip.pptImperial Egypt
Travelling to Egypt is like stepping into a time capsule where the past and present coexist, offering a unique blend of history, culture, and stunning landscapes.
See more: https://imperialegypt.com/tour-packages/
How To Change Your Name On American Airlines Aadvantage.pptxedqour001namechange
American Airlines permits passengers to change/correct names on their AAdvantage account. Also, you can request a name change both online via a web portal and offline over the phone. For further information on how to change your name on American Airlines Advantage, get in touch with the airline’s customer service. Also, you can reach out to a consolidation desk at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
What Challenges Await Beginners in SnowshoeingSnowshoe Tahoe
Discover the exhilarating world of snowshoeing through our presentation, highlighting the challenges faced by beginners. From physical exertion to technical finesse and braving harsh winter conditions, each step in the snow brings new obstacles and unforgettable adventures. Embrace the challenge and conquer the winter wonderland with confidence!
Assessing the Influence of Transportation on the Tourism Industry in Nigeriagsochially
This research dissertation investigates the complex interplay between transportation and the tourism industry in Nigeria, aiming to unravel critical insights that contribute to the enhancement of the overall tourist experience. The study employs a multi-faceted approach, literature review establishes a robust theoretical framework, incorporating The Service Quality and Satisfaction Theory to guide the research questions and hypotheses.
The methodology involves the distribution of a structured questionnaire, ensuring a representative sample and facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the gathered data.
Key findings include the nuanced perceptions of transportation infrastructure adequacy, safety and security concerns, financial influences on travel decisions, and the cultural and ecological impacts of transportation choices. These findings culminate in a comprehensive set of recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in the Nigerian tourism industry. The findings contribute to the existing literature by providing actionable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers in the Nigerian tourism sector.
The recommendations encompass gender-sensitive planning, infrastructure enhancements, safety measures, and strategic interventions to address financial constraints, ensuring a holistic and sustainable development of the tourism industry in Nigeria.
Author: Imafidon Osademwingie Martins
You can easily change/correct a name on your flight ticket under the American Airlines name change policy. The airline provides multiple online and offline modes to place a name change request. To learn more about how to change a name on American Airlines ticket, you can directly approach the airline’s customer support. Moreover, you can connect with a flight expert at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
Our excursions in tahiti offer stunning lagoon tours, vibrant marine life encounters, and cultural experiences. We ensure unforgettable adventures amidst breathtaking landscapes and serene waters. For more information, mail us at tracey@uniquetahiti.com.
Wayanad-The-Touristry-Heaven to the tour.pptxcosmo-soil
Wayanad, nestled in Kerala's Western Ghats, is a lush paradise renowned for its scenic landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage. From trekking Chembra Peak to exploring ancient Edakkal Caves, Wayanad offers thrilling adventures and serene experiences. Its vibrant economy, driven by agriculture and tourism, highlights a harmonious blend of nature, tradition, and modernity.
Un viaje a Buenos Aires y sus alrededoresJudy Hochberg
A travelogue of my recent trip to Argentina, most to Buenos Aires, but including excursion to Iguazú waterfalls, Tigre, and Colonia del Sacramento in Uruguay
Best Places to Stay in New Brunswick, Canada.Mahogany Manor
New Brunswick, a picturesque province in eastern Canada, offers a plethora of unique and charming places to stay for every kind of traveler. From the historic allure of Fredericton and the vibrant culture of Saint John to the natural beauty of Fundy National Park and the serene coastal towns like St. Andrews by-the-Sea, there's something for everyone. Whether you prefer luxury resorts, cozy inns, rustic lodges, or budget-friendly options, the best places to stay in New Brunswick ensure a memorable stay, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the province's rich history, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality.
https://www.mmanor.ca/blog/best-5-bed-and-breakfast-new-brunswick-canada
2. The Trans-Siberian Railway offers travellers a
trip of a lifetime, running through three
countries and two continents, right from the
cabin of a luxury train. But just because the
tour is on tracks doesn’t mean that there is
only one way to do it. To find out more about
how you can customise your trip, check out
the available Trans-Siberian Railway Packages
for 2016 by TSTC.
3. Starting from Moscow will give you a chance to
take in the Russian capital’s galleries, museums,
and theatres as well as the Kremlin and St. Basil’s
Cathedral. Moscow is the starting point for all three
lines, the Trans-Siberian, Trans-Manchurian, and
the Trans-Mongolian.
4. Starting from St. Petersburg is an option for those
who want to take a slightly shorter trip. The city
itself holds many cultural and architectural
wonders and is linked to Moscow via an express
train. Starting from here will still see your trip end
in Vladivostok or Beijing, so even though it is
shorter, you still get a complete experience of the
tour.
Source:
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-
media/19/64419-004-2DE2ACDC.gif
5. Starting from Beijing is a popular option since the
city is an impressive one with unbelievable scenery
and rich cultural locations such as Tiananmen
Square, the Forbidden City, and the Summer
Palace. From here you can take one of two lines,
the Tans-Siberian line and the more popular,
Trans-Mongolian one. This is the destination you’ll
be interested in if you’re looking for affordable
China tours and travel packages.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Forbidden_City_Courtyard.jpgSource:
http://ddce.utexas.edu/maymester/wp-
content/uploads/2013/05/SummerPalace_Beijing_11.jpg
6. Starting from Vladivostok will give you the most
complete and original experience of the Trans-
Siberian line that there is. Vladivostok can act as
the beginning or the end of the 9,259 km trip to
Moscow, which can be done on a single train, the
number 2 ‘Rossiya’.
7. The Tsars Gold Private Train will take you on the
Trans-Mongolian line from Moscow to Beijing or vice
versa. Stops along the way include Kazan,
Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Ulan Ude, and
Ulaanbaatar. Travel along the shore of Lake Baikal in
your own private train and take in the scenery of
Siberian villages and the wilderness.
8. The Golden Eagle Luxury Train departs throughout
the year to give luxury to group tours of the original
Trans-Siberian Line. The line also branches off into
Mongolia, which is just one of several routes to
choose from. For an affordable luxury trip that is
well planned, tried and tested, the Golden Eagle is a
good choice.
9. Contact Information
Phone: +44 020 8816 8399
Email: info@thetranssiberiantravelcompany.com
Address: 27 Butts Green Rd, Hornchurch RM11 2JS,
United Kingdom