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Investigation in psychiatry
This document discusses various investigations and psychological tests used in psychiatry. It categorizes investigations into routine tests, electrophysiological tests, brain imaging tests, neuroendocrine tests, and genetic tests. Some key routine tests mentioned include complete blood count, urine analysis, renal and liver function tests, electrolytes, and drug level estimation. Psychological tests are used to assess symptoms, personality, cognitive functioning, environmental stressors, and psychodynamics. Nurses should be familiar with psychological tests to enhance treatment and measure patient progress.
Heal Your Heart and Heal Your Life: A Perspective on Cardiac Psychology By Ms...
Heal Your Heart and Heal Your Life: A Perspective on Cardiac Psychology By Ms...Health Education Library for People
The document discusses cardiovascular disease and how emotions can impact heart health. It provides the following key points:
1) Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, with over 17 million deaths in 2016 representing 31% of all global deaths. The majority of these deaths are from heart attacks and strokes.
2) Emotions like stress, anger, anxiety, and depression can negatively impact heart health by increasing risk of heart attacks. Studies show links between emotional states and cardiac events.
3) Positive emotions and stress management techniques can benefit heart health by reducing risk factors and supporting recovery from heart disease. Cardiac psychology focuses on prevention and rehabilitation through addressing emotional barriers.Behavioral
This document discusses the assessment and management of patients experiencing psychiatric and behavioral emergencies. It covers topics such as normal versus abnormal behavior, pathophysiology of common disorders, performing a mental status exam, diagnosing specific conditions like schizophrenia and depression, safely restraining violent patients, and general strategies for de-escalation and transport. The goal is to provide emergency personnel with knowledge and skills for responding effectively to mental health crises.
Post stroke psychiatric symptoms
This document discusses post-stroke psychiatric disorders. It describes five frontosubcortical circuits that are involved in cognition, behavior and movement. Common post-stroke psychiatric conditions include depression, anxiety, apathy, psychosis and pathological laughing/crying. Lesion location can impact the type of psychiatric disorder, such as left anterior lesions increasing risk of depression. Treatment involves pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy. Screening and ongoing monitoring of symptoms is important after a stroke to identify and manage post-stroke psychiatric complications.
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The document summarizes a presentation on traumatic brain injury (TBI) assessment and rehabilitation. It defines TBI and outlines the continuum of care, including initial assessment, treatment of primary and secondary injuries, and comprehensive rehabilitation involving multiple disciplines. It emphasizes a holistic neuropsychological approach that empowers patients, conveys understanding of deficits and recovery, and helps patients find meaning through collaborative assessment and goal-setting.
Anxiety disorder and medical comorbidity
This document discusses the relationship between anxiety disorders and medical comorbidities. It begins by outlining the talk and reviewing the epidemiology of anxiety disorders. It then examines how anxiety can be both primary or secondary to medical conditions and substance abuse. Several studies are cited showing links between anxiety and increased risks of heart disease, respiratory illness, and gastrointestinal problems. The document also reviews treatment approaches for anxiety disorders like SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines, and cognitive behavioral therapy. It provides efficacy evidence and tolerability profiles for sertraline and alprazolam in particular. Finally, it emphasizes that treating anxiety in medically ill patients can improve disease management and reduce risks.
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3 3-biological assessment of patients with psychiatric symptoms
3 3-biological assessment of patients with psychiatric symptomsUniversity of Zambia, School of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
1) The biological assessment of patients with psychiatric symptoms involves a thorough history taking and investigations using a biopsychosocial model to rule out medical causes and arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
2) Investigations include routine tests, electrophysiological tests like EEG and sleep studies, and brain imaging like CT and MRI to detect any anatomical or biochemical abnormalities.
3) Additional tests like chest X-rays, drug levels, and genetic tests may also be used depending on the specific case, and patients require follow-up dependent on their condition.Recommended
Investigation in psychiatry
This document discusses various investigations and psychological tests used in psychiatry. It categorizes investigations into routine tests, electrophysiological tests, brain imaging tests, neuroendocrine tests, and genetic tests. Some key routine tests mentioned include complete blood count, urine analysis, renal and liver function tests, electrolytes, and drug level estimation. Psychological tests are used to assess symptoms, personality, cognitive functioning, environmental stressors, and psychodynamics. Nurses should be familiar with psychological tests to enhance treatment and measure patient progress.
Heal Your Heart and Heal Your Life: A Perspective on Cardiac Psychology By Ms...
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The document discusses cardiovascular disease and how emotions can impact heart health. It provides the following key points:
1) Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, with over 17 million deaths in 2016 representing 31% of all global deaths. The majority of these deaths are from heart attacks and strokes.
2) Emotions like stress, anger, anxiety, and depression can negatively impact heart health by increasing risk of heart attacks. Studies show links between emotional states and cardiac events.
3) Positive emotions and stress management techniques can benefit heart health by reducing risk factors and supporting recovery from heart disease. Cardiac psychology focuses on prevention and rehabilitation through addressing emotional barriers.Behavioral
This document discusses the assessment and management of patients experiencing psychiatric and behavioral emergencies. It covers topics such as normal versus abnormal behavior, pathophysiology of common disorders, performing a mental status exam, diagnosing specific conditions like schizophrenia and depression, safely restraining violent patients, and general strategies for de-escalation and transport. The goal is to provide emergency personnel with knowledge and skills for responding effectively to mental health crises.
Post stroke psychiatric symptoms
This document discusses post-stroke psychiatric disorders. It describes five frontosubcortical circuits that are involved in cognition, behavior and movement. Common post-stroke psychiatric conditions include depression, anxiety, apathy, psychosis and pathological laughing/crying. Lesion location can impact the type of psychiatric disorder, such as left anterior lesions increasing risk of depression. Treatment involves pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy. Screening and ongoing monitoring of symptoms is important after a stroke to identify and manage post-stroke psychiatric complications.
TBI and Holistic Neuropsychology
The document summarizes a presentation on traumatic brain injury (TBI) assessment and rehabilitation. It defines TBI and outlines the continuum of care, including initial assessment, treatment of primary and secondary injuries, and comprehensive rehabilitation involving multiple disciplines. It emphasizes a holistic neuropsychological approach that empowers patients, conveys understanding of deficits and recovery, and helps patients find meaning through collaborative assessment and goal-setting.
Anxiety disorder and medical comorbidity
This document discusses the relationship between anxiety disorders and medical comorbidities. It begins by outlining the talk and reviewing the epidemiology of anxiety disorders. It then examines how anxiety can be both primary or secondary to medical conditions and substance abuse. Several studies are cited showing links between anxiety and increased risks of heart disease, respiratory illness, and gastrointestinal problems. The document also reviews treatment approaches for anxiety disorders like SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines, and cognitive behavioral therapy. It provides efficacy evidence and tolerability profiles for sertraline and alprazolam in particular. Finally, it emphasizes that treating anxiety in medically ill patients can improve disease management and reduce risks.
Wsam Presentation For Opiate Guidelines
CME presentation at WSMA annual meeting. Problematic opioid use, questioning the concept of "pseudo-addiction", seeing chemical dependency as somewhere well along the continuum of problematic opioid use.
3 3-biological assessment of patients with psychiatric symptoms
3 3-biological assessment of patients with psychiatric symptomsUniversity of Zambia, School of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
1) The biological assessment of patients with psychiatric symptoms involves a thorough history taking and investigations using a biopsychosocial model to rule out medical causes and arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
2) Investigations include routine tests, electrophysiological tests like EEG and sleep studies, and brain imaging like CT and MRI to detect any anatomical or biochemical abnormalities.
3) Additional tests like chest X-rays, drug levels, and genetic tests may also be used depending on the specific case, and patients require follow-up dependent on their condition. depression and heart_disease
there is a link between emotional problems and incidence, response, prognosis of heart diseases especially ischemia. management of this co morbidity is very important.
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The document compares and contrasts three major treatments for Major Depressive Disorder: cognitive therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychopharmacological therapy. Cognitive therapy aims to change negative and unrealistic thoughts through counseling and problem-solving techniques. Electroconvulsive therapy is often a last resort for severe cases, as it is an intense medical procedure that can cause memory issues. Psychopharmacological therapy uses antidepressant drugs, which the National Institute of Mental Health study found highly effective for severe depression. Each treatment targets depression differently, through changing thought patterns, stimulating the brain, or altering biological functioning.
Consultation liaison psychiatry
The document provides an overview of consultation-liaison psychiatry, including basics, common conditions, and management approaches. It defines consultation-liaison psychiatry and its roles in a general hospital setting. Common conditions addressed include delirium, suicide, depression, agitation, and medical issues like hepatic or renal impairment. Management prioritizes identifying and treating underlying causes, coordinating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and effective communication with medical teams.
Anxiety
Generalized anxiety disorder is the most common anxiety disorder, characterized by a constant state of worry lasting over 6 months. Symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, tension, and sleep disturbances. Panic disorder involves sudden panic attacks that peak within 10 minutes, accompanied by physical symptoms like a rapidly beating heart. Phobic disorders involve irrational fears triggered by specific situations, such as agoraphobia involving fears of situations where escape may be difficult.
Therapeutic modalities
This document provides information on various therapeutic modalities and psychosocial interventions including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), psychotherapies, group therapies, and biophysical interventions. It describes the procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of ECT. It also discusses individual psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy, education groups, support groups, and self-help groups.
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Therapeutic modalities
ECT involves inducing seizures through electric currents to treat severe mental illnesses like depression. It requires anesthesia and muscle paralysis during treatment. While fast-acting, it carries risks of memory loss and physical side effects. Individual psychotherapy explores one's feelings through a therapeutic relationship, while group therapy involves learning from shared experiences in a structured setting.
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Management of schizophrenia
This document discusses the management of schizophrenia. It notes that early intervention is important for better outcomes. General practitioners should make an initial assessment of a patient's symptoms and functioning before referring them to a psychiatrist for diagnosis. The main treatment involves antipsychotic medication, including both typical and atypical drugs. Hospitalization may be required based on symptom severity and risk factors. Treatment also involves psychosocial support and educating family members. Electroconvulsive therapy can be effective for catatonia or severe depression associated with schizophrenia. Antidepressants may also be used for mood symptoms. The overall approach involves both medication and psychosocial support.
Schizophrenia management
This document summarizes guidelines for managing schizophrenia through pharmacological and psychosocial treatment. It discusses using antipsychotic medications such as second generation antipsychotics for acute episodes and maintaining treatment. Clozapine is recommended for treatment-resistant cases. Psychosocial interventions like family therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, supported employment, and substance abuse rehabilitation are described. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics can help with treatment adherence. The overall goal of management is achieving remission of symptoms and optimal functioning through a combination of medical and psychosocial support.
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- Daniel is highly agitated, kicking out at staff and saying he wants to die. His BAL is 0.12 and he has dilated pupils and tachycardia.
- The psychiatrist must consider Daniel's decision making capacity, duty of care, potential for harm, and criteria for involuntary treatment under the MHA 2014.
- Assessing capacity involves evaluating for psychiatric illness, its influence on judgment, and determining if treatment is refused. Capacity can be affected by factors like intoxication, mental illness, or stress.
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The document compares and contrasts three major treatments for Major Depressive Disorder: cognitive therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychopharmacological therapy. Cognitive therapy aims to change negative and unrealistic thoughts through counseling and problem-solving techniques. Electroconvulsive therapy is often a last resort for severe cases, as it is an intense medical procedure that can cause memory issues. Psychopharmacological therapy uses antidepressant drugs, which the National Institute of Mental Health study found highly effective for severe depression. Each treatment targets depression differently, through changing thought patterns, stimulating the brain, or altering biological functioning.
Consultation liaison psychiatry
The document provides an overview of consultation-liaison psychiatry, including basics, common conditions, and management approaches. It defines consultation-liaison psychiatry and its roles in a general hospital setting. Common conditions addressed include delirium, suicide, depression, agitation, and medical issues like hepatic or renal impairment. Management prioritizes identifying and treating underlying causes, coordinating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and effective communication with medical teams.
Anxiety
Generalized anxiety disorder is the most common anxiety disorder, characterized by a constant state of worry lasting over 6 months. Symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, tension, and sleep disturbances. Panic disorder involves sudden panic attacks that peak within 10 minutes, accompanied by physical symptoms like a rapidly beating heart. Phobic disorders involve irrational fears triggered by specific situations, such as agoraphobia involving fears of situations where escape may be difficult.
Therapeutic modalities
This document provides information on various therapeutic modalities and psychosocial interventions including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), psychotherapies, group therapies, and biophysical interventions. It describes the procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of ECT. It also discusses individual psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy, education groups, support groups, and self-help groups.
Supercharge your brain and ditch anxiety and depression for good!
Dr. Vivian DeNise of Patients Medical and Dr. Sandlin Lowe of The Amen Clinic New York explain the causes of anxiety and depression, the cutting-edge technology that can be used to diagnose deficiencies in the brain that cause these conditions and several non-invasive holistic medical approaches that we use to treat.
Therapeutic modalities
ECT involves inducing seizures through electric currents to treat severe mental illnesses like depression. It requires anesthesia and muscle paralysis during treatment. While fast-acting, it carries risks of memory loss and physical side effects. Individual psychotherapy explores one's feelings through a therapeutic relationship, while group therapy involves learning from shared experiences in a structured setting.
Assessment and management of challenging behaviour
This document discusses the assessment and management of challenging behaviors that can result from brain injuries. It covers topics like frontal lobe syndrome, executive dysfunction syndrome, common behaviors seen like wandering and sleep disturbances, tools for assessment like the ABC chart and Overt Aggression Scale, and approaches to management such as modifying stimulation, using alternative interactions, restraint as a last resort, and pharmacological interventions. The goal is to help patients adapt while protecting them and others from potential harm.
Consultation liaison-psychiatry-models-and-processes
This document describes models and processes in psychosomatic medicine and consultation-liaison psychiatry. It discusses different models including traditional consultation upon request and liaison psychiatry. It outlines the essential tasks of consultation-liaison psychiatrists including assessment, management planning, education, and facilitating understanding between medical teams and patients. The document also reviews the steps in a psychiatric consultation and elements of the written consultation note. Finally, it discusses different methods of integrated mental health care programs within medical settings.
Status epilepticus presentation
This document discusses the current guidelines for the management of status epilepticus. It defines status epilepticus as more than 30 minutes of continuous seizure activity or two sequential seizures without full recovery. Status epilepticus can be convulsive or nonconvulsive. The goal of therapy is rapid termination of seizures to reduce mortality and morbidity. Treatment involves several phases based on duration of seizures. Initial therapy within 20 minutes involves benzodiazepines like midazolam or lorazepam. Later phases involve other drugs like propofol or thiopental if seizures continue beyond 40 minutes.
Management of schizophrenia
This document discusses the management of schizophrenia. It notes that early intervention is important for better outcomes. General practitioners should make an initial assessment of a patient's symptoms and functioning before referring them to a psychiatrist for diagnosis. The main treatment involves antipsychotic medication, including both typical and atypical drugs. Hospitalization may be required based on symptom severity and risk factors. Treatment also involves psychosocial support and educating family members. Electroconvulsive therapy can be effective for catatonia or severe depression associated with schizophrenia. Antidepressants may also be used for mood symptoms. The overall approach involves both medication and psychosocial support.
Schizophrenia management
This document summarizes guidelines for managing schizophrenia through pharmacological and psychosocial treatment. It discusses using antipsychotic medications such as second generation antipsychotics for acute episodes and maintaining treatment. Clozapine is recommended for treatment-resistant cases. Psychosocial interventions like family therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, supported employment, and substance abuse rehabilitation are described. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics can help with treatment adherence. The overall goal of management is achieving remission of symptoms and optimal functioning through a combination of medical and psychosocial support.
Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Medically unexplained symptoms are ‘persistent bodily complaints for which adequate examination does not reveal sufficient explanatory structural or other specified pathology’.
These patients are challenge to medical professionals
Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation aims to restore function and minimize disability through a comprehensive, team-based approach. The rehabilitation process varies based on injury severity but generally involves early intervention to prevent complications, followed by therapy to improve mobility, activities of daily living, cognition, and communication. Outcomes depend on the nature and severity of injury, though most improvement occurs within the first year through coordinated acute and post-acute rehabilitation.
Psychiatric emergencies in adults
A psychiatric emergency requires immediate intervention and evaluating if the cause is medical or psychiatric. Patient safety is the top priority. Features that indicate a medical cause include acute onset, age, medical issues, or substance abuse. Specific situations like psychosis, depression, violence, and sexual abuse require modified approaches. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy like benzodiazepines or antipsychotics may be used. Restraints are only used if less restrictive options cannot control severe threats. Thorough documentation of all assessments, decisions, and interventions is important.
Hanipsych, invega
This document discusses long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics for the management of schizophrenia. It provides an overview of the biology and outcomes of schizophrenia, including high relapse rates when treatment is discontinued. Relapse is associated with increased dopamine function and may be linked to disease progression. LAI antipsychotics can help improve adherence and reduce relapse rates compared to oral antipsychotics. The document reviews guidelines recommending LAI use and discusses patients' and clinicians' positive attitudes towards LAIs. It also covers the receptor profile and attributes of paliperidone palmitate, an atypical LAI antipsychotic.
Bilateral exercise as an essential addition to group
This Power Point presentation explainse some of the physical and emotions aspects of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and how those symptoms can be decreased dramatically using a bilateral group exercise program in conjunction with a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy group.
2015: How do we encourage our patients to exercise?-Linke
This document discusses strategies for encouraging patients to exercise. It begins by outlining current guidelines for physical activity in older adults, then discusses the physical and mental health benefits of exercise. While exercise is beneficial, adherence can be challenging due to various personal and environmental factors. The document provides tips for healthcare providers to help patients establish exercise routines, including assessing readiness to change, goal setting, addressing barriers, and utilizing social support. It emphasizes tailoring recommendations to individual needs and abilities.
Emergency Psychiatry
The document discusses the assessment of a patient named Daniel who presented to the emergency department exhibiting signs of agitation and psychosis. Some key points:
- Daniel is highly agitated, kicking out at staff and saying he wants to die. His BAL is 0.12 and he has dilated pupils and tachycardia.
- The psychiatrist must consider Daniel's decision making capacity, duty of care, potential for harm, and criteria for involuntary treatment under the MHA 2014.
- Assessing capacity involves evaluating for psychiatric illness, its influence on judgment, and determining if treatment is refused. Capacity can be affected by factors like intoxication, mental illness, or stress.
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Does anxiety leads to heart attack
- 1. DOES ANXIETY LEAD TO A HEART ATTACK (OR) DISEASE?
- 2. • Majorstudieshavebeensuccessfulinunveilingthetruerelationbetween anxietyandheartattack. • Doctors often warn their patients to keep a check on their diet plan, health, and lifestyle routine, but hardly they are cautioned regarding the negativeimpactoftheanxietyattack. • Clinical experts and cardiologist in Bangalore have found that anxiety playsamajorroleinheartdisease. INTRODUCTION
- 4. IMPACT OF ANXIETY ON HEART • The body of a person under an anxiety attack reacts differently. It can put a strain on their heart. The individuals with existing cardiac disease may witness some of the physical symptoms of anxiety, which could cause severe damage to their bodies. Anxiety may lead to the following heart disorder and cardiacriskfactor: • Heartratevariability:Decreasedheartratemayresultinahigherincidenceof aheartattack. • Rapid heart rate (tachycardia): In certain cases, it can interfere with normal heartfunctionsandmayendupincreasingtheriskofsuddencardiacarrest. • Increased blood pressure: It leads to coronary disease, weakening of the heart muscle,andmayevenleadtoheartfailure.
- 5. ANXIETY AND HEART ATTACK RECOVERY • Anxiety disorder is usually witnessed in people having a high degree of fear and uncertainty. If one fails to follow the advice and treatment plan of their cardiologist, then it can have a major impact on their recovery. Anxiety can interferewiththenormalfunctioningofahumaninthefollowingmanner: • Troubleingettingaproperamountofqualitysleep. • Followingahealthydiet. • Timelyintakeoftheprescribedmedications. • Reconnectingandconversingwiththefamilymembersandfriends. • Resumingwiththejobandfamilyresponsibilities. • Stickingtotheprescribedexerciseregime.
- 6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PANIC ATTACK AND A HEART ATTACK • Panic attack and heart attack do not have similar symptoms. Anyone suffering from severe chest pain due to a sudden anxiety attack or even for some other reason should be admitted to the emergency room. Under such a case, the physicians examine the patient’s blood to get a trace of heart muscle enzyme. If no such enzyme is found then, it’s usuallynotaheartattack. • Tosortthepanicattackfromtheheartattack,thecardiologistssensitive tothisissuewillbeabletodifferentiatebetweenthetwoandwouldhold theexpertisetosuggestappropriatelyinthismatter.
- 7. DIAGNOSING ANXIETY ATTACK • The treatment prescribed depends upon the duration, severity, and type of anxiety. Often the treatment includes therapy, medication, or a combination of both. The most effective method of treatment is considered to be cognitive behaviouraltherapy(CBT),whichinvolvesthefollowingcomponents. Anxietymanagement • It helps the patient to focus on the present rather than making them worrisome about the anxiety that could hit them in future. This treatment encompassesrelaxationexercise,yogatechnique,andsensoryfocusing.
- 8. Cognitiverestructuring • People suffering from chronic anxiety disorder tend to put more weightage on the possibility of apocalyptic events. Cognitive restructuring presents a series of logical steps that aim to prove that imaginativeanddistortingeventsarenotahealthything. Exposuretherapy • This level of treatment puts the patient underexposure of the extreme level of anxiety until they adapt to the environment and surrounding effectively to manage the anxiety. These activities include overcoming the fear of the bridge, facing your phobia, or paying a visit to the locationassociatedwithanaccidentorcrime
- 9. DIAGNOSING HEART ATTACK • Often medications and bypass surgery are suggested under severe cases but the cardiologist may recommend cardiac rehabilitation programs. It mainly focuses on four main areas, namely, medication, lifestyle, eating habits,andemotionalissues. • Anxiety may occur in women due to past experiences, which puts stress ontheheart.Theyrequireemotionalandpersonalguidancetocomeout of their past phase. Even people who have experienced burns can suffer from a post-traumatic anxiety disorder. The cardiology hospital in Bangalorehelpspeoplecomeoutoftheiranxietyandleadanormallife.
- 10. Thank You