Does adding debt increase or decrease the flexibility of a healthcare.docx
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Does adding debt increase or decrease the flexibility of a healthcare provider? Why? Solution Firms need financial sources to grow. The sources include equity funds and debt funds. Debt financing is borrowing money from outside sources to run the business. The financing can be in the form of bank loans, bonds, financing of receivables, equipment leasing etc. Basically debit financing has two components of payment viz., periodical interest payment and the repayment of debt after a pre-determined period. Debt financing has its own advantages like access to funds without any compromise on ownership, tax deductions on interest payments, lower interest rates. It also inculcates the financial discipline in the borrowing organisation as it needs to make repayment of debt obligation failing which the entity may be forced to go into bankruptcy. Revenue sources of health care providers are mainly from services provided to patients in the form of receipts from insurance companies and private payments. Most of the hospitals are operated as non-profit organisations and are scrutinised by several organisations like donors, Health Administration etc. Under these circumstances debt financing adds additional burden on these organisations in the form or additional scrutiny, pledging of assets to secure loans which needs several clearances, payment obligations from sources which are limited. The organisations also need to keep a strict control over its costs in order to maintain the cash flows to meet the debt obligations. Hence there is a possibility of reduction in charitable treatments or treatments offered at a reduced cost to the patients. Also those which are non-tax paying entities find the attraction of tax exemption of interest payments is not available to them. However the debt financing do have some benefits for health care providers. For example, equipment leasing is an option taken by many health care providers to buy hospital equipment. This is done to Based on the general structure of the healthcare providers are not for profit organisations, adding debt do affect flexibility of the operations of the entity. .
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Spring
2005
VOL.6 NO.3
Spring
2005
THE KEY TO PROFITABILITY IS TO USE COST ANALYSIS BY DETERMINING A PRACTICE’S
COST STRUCTURE AND USING THOSE COSTS TO EVALUATE CONTRACTS, ALLOCATE
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the sources of practice revenues. As noted ...
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Top of Form
The interrelationship between the revenue cycle and reimbursement are centered around the financial situation of the organization. A healthcare revenue cycle is the process whereby institutions manage administrative and clinical functions, including "identification, management, and collection of patient service revenue."1 This often begins once a patient makes their first appointment, up until all payment has been received and accounted for. Once a patient is seen, and the healthcare provider enters the correct ICD-10 code, billable fees are generated in the form of a claim. These are sent to payers (private or via the government) for reimbursement.1 Healthcare centers are usually reimbursed for services they provide to patients, which is the goal of the revenue cycle. Namely, to get paid for services rendered as soon as possible. Thus, there are many actors involved in the process- from the healthcare organization, to the patient, to the insurance companies.
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1. RevCycle Intelligence. What is Healthcare Revenue Cycle Management? Web. https://revcycleintelligence.com/features/what-is-healthcare-revenue-cycle-management. Accessed September 10, 2017.
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Host based firewall: These are  helpful to identify applications that may have been trojanized after initial installation. It is also used to validate the application.
Vulnerability scanning:It is used to scan results in which hosts are vulnerable of various attacks.
.
Discuss the differences between a form and a report- What characterist.docx
Discuss the differences between a form and a report. What characteristics make a form or report good (bad) and effective (ineffective)? Give examples of good and bad reports and forms.
Solution
Reports are only used to extract and present data for viewing and printing.
Forms are a generic term for windows used to interact with users. A form can accept data from a user for data entry or to provide input to a query. A form can present data to a user, e.g. the results of a query.
Forms are intended more for simple/limited data interaction where reports are used to present, typically, larger volumes of data
Communication is the essence of life. Every day, millions of messages are sent and received both verbally and nonverbally. Whether it is the president making a speech, a billboard promoting a product or a professor lecturing to a class, communication has the power to shape and change culture, society and the lives of individuals. Communication is simply conveying information to another person in a way they fully understand. Ineffective communication can lead to confusion, frustration and low morale.
Function
The function of effective communication is to accurately relay a particular message in such a way that the listener understands. Communication is used to inform, correct, share emotions and educate. If communication is ineffective it has the power to hurt, confuse and misinform the listener. The function of effective communication can be best seen in the business world. If a company is able to effectively communicate with its workers, they will feel empowered, informed and appreciated.
Types
The two types of communication are verbal and nonverbal. Verbal communication is the oral use of words to send a message. Nonverbal communications are messages that are sent and received without the use of words. For example, if you say,
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finance in dentistry 4.ppt
This document discusses healthcare systems and dental payment mechanisms in India and the United States. It provides details on:
1) The public and private healthcare sectors in India, including government insurance schemes like CGHS and ESIS.
2) Types of dental payment plans in the US, including private fee-for-service, insurance plans (HMOs, PPOs), and public programs like Medicaid and Medicare.
3) Reimbursement methods for dentists in the US, including UCR fees, fee schedules, and capitation. Major dental insurance plans like Delta Dental are also summarized.
Business Communication part 1
The document provides an overview of key concepts in finance including:
1) Finance can be defined as managing money at both the personal and business level, involving decisions about spending, saving, and investing.
2) There are two broad categories of finance careers - financial services which provide advice and products, and managerial finance which involves the duties of financial managers in businesses.
3) The three most common forms of business organization are sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations, each with different ownership structures and liabilities.
Self-Funding Overview
Should an Employer Be Self-Funded?
That is quite a question. In the past we cautioned that claims savings was not guaranteed by self-funding. And with a small difference in fixed fees vs. fully insured retention, there was not much incentive for smaller employers to take the risk, given that they were more susceptible to wide fluctuations in claims cost.
Review our research and analysis on self-funding to help determine if the program is the right fit for your business. Contact McGohan-Brabender to discuss self-funding in detail.
https://www.mcgohanbrabender.com/
Health Insurance Glossary
This document defines various key terms related to health insurance:
1. It describes an actuary as an insurance professional responsible for determining premiums based on claims paid versus premiums collected to ensure profits.
2. It provides brief definitions for terms like admitting privilege, affordable care act, agent, beneficiary, benefit, brand name drug, broker, carrier, case management, certificate of insurance, claim, and COBRA.
3. It explains concepts such as coinsurance, copayment, credit for prior coverage, deductible, denial of claim, dependent, effective date, exclusion, explanation of benefits, fee for service, generic drug, group health insurance, and guaranteed issue.
Assignment Details Assignment Description Original non Plagarized
Assignment Details Assignment Description
Original non Plagarized Document
This assignment will require you to consider several influences to the budgeting process of a health care institution. Here, you will review payer mix and other influences to revenue as you consider revenue factors for the budget. Complete the following for this assignment: For a health care organization of your choice (
Baylor Medical Center of Dallas
), describe the type of organization, and determine the payer mix of patients served (percentage of Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, managed care, and private pay). Take into consideration that reimbursement can be affected by the claims process, outofnetwork payments, denials, audits, and legislation. Assess the differences in health care budgeting as a result of these potential changes in the payer mix and payment methodologies as an outcome of the Affordable Care Act. Take into consideration that while more patients may have insurance coverage, the outof pocket expenses will continue to create a potential uncollectable liability. Evaluate how you would strategize to keep a balanced budget for all 12 months in a year using a flexible budget rather than a static budget, and provide rationale and justification.
The body of the resultant paper should be 5–7 pages
and include at least 5 relevant academic or professional references published in the
past 5 years
.
...
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y S P R I N G 2 0 0 5 , V O L . 6 , N O . 3
T
his year the healthcare industry is expected
to account for 15.6% of GDP, and expendi-
tures for physician services are expected to
be $347.9 billion. A large part of that goes to
physician practices, and, because they are
such a large part of the economy, they represent an
opportunity for management accountants to assist
physicians in evaluating contracts with third-party pay-
ers and providing financial information for strategic
decisions. To do so, management accountants need to
understand the unique revenue, cost, and contractual
intricacies of physician practices.
While most businesses’ sources of revenue are sales
and fees, physician practices depend on the organiza-
tional structure of the healthcare revenue reimburse-
ment relationships among provider, patient, and
third-party insurer. Revenue reimbursements can come
from indemnity, preferred provider organizations
(PPOs), and/or healthcare maintenance organizations
(HMOs). In particular, to advise a physician or evaluate
profits, a management accountant must understand the
relationships between a practice’s revenues and its costs.
Because these revenue reimbursements are contractual-
ly determined, controlling costs is critical to the survival
of a physician’s practice. A management accountant can
help a physician calculate costs, select the appropriate
cost structure to manage costs, and help make tough
strategic decisions about the financial future of the prac-
tice. Once a management accountant understands the
source of revenues and the cost constraints, he or she
can then help a physician evaluate a revenue reimburse-
ment contract. For example, if the contract is from an
indemnity plan or a PPO, evaluation is relatively
straightforward if the management accountant under-
stands a practice’s organizational structures and cost con-
trol. But if the revenue comes from an HMO capitation
contract—that is, a fixed rate of payment to cover a
specified set of health services and procedures—
evaluating the contract requires additional analysis
because revenues are based on anticipated services.
P H YS I C I A N G R O U P R E V E N U E S
In order to consult with a physician group, a manage-
ment accountant must have a good understanding of
How Management
Accountants Make
Physicians’ Practices
More Profitable
Spring
2005
VOL.6 NO.3
Spring
2005
THE KEY TO PROFITABILITY IS TO USE COST ANALYSIS BY DETERMINING A PRACTICE’S
COST STRUCTURE AND USING THOSE COSTS TO EVALUATE CONTRACTS, ALLOCATE
BONUSES EQUITABLY, AND MAKE STRATEGIC DECISIONS ABOUT THE FINANCIAL FUTURE
OF THE PRACTICE GROUP.
B Y M A R S H A S C H E I D T , D B A , C M A , A N D G R E G T H I B A D O U X , P H . D .
13M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y S P R I N G 2 0 0 5 , V O L . 6 , N O . 3
the sources of practice revenues. As noted ...
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y S P R I N G 2 0 0 5 , V O L . 6 , N O . 3
T
his year the healthcare industry is expected
to account for 15.6% of GDP, and expendi-
tures for physician services are expected to
be $347.9 billion. A large part of that goes to
physician practices, and, because they are
such a large part of the economy, they represent an
opportunity for management accountants to assist
physicians in evaluating contracts with third-party pay-
ers and providing financial information for strategic
decisions. To do so, management accountants need to
understand the unique revenue, cost, and contractual
intricacies of physician practices.
While most businesses’ sources of revenue are sales
and fees, physician practices depend on the organiza-
tional structure of the healthcare revenue reimburse-
ment relationships among provider, patient, and
third-party insurer. Revenue reimbursements can come
from indemnity, preferred provider organizations
(PPOs), and/or healthcare maintenance organizations
(HMOs). In particular, to advise a physician or evaluate
profits, a management accountant must understand the
relationships between a practice’s revenues and its costs.
Because these revenue reimbursements are contractual-
ly determined, controlling costs is critical to the survival
of a physician’s practice. A management accountant can
help a physician calculate costs, select the appropriate
cost structure to manage costs, and help make tough
strategic decisions about the financial future of the prac-
tice. Once a management accountant understands the
source of revenues and the cost constraints, he or she
can then help a physician evaluate a revenue reimburse-
ment contract. For example, if the contract is from an
indemnity plan or a PPO, evaluation is relatively
straightforward if the management accountant under-
stands a practice’s organizational structures and cost con-
trol. But if the revenue comes from an HMO capitation
contract—that is, a fixed rate of payment to cover a
specified set of health services and procedures—
evaluating the contract requires additional analysis
because revenues are based on anticipated services.
P H YS I C I A N G R O U P R E V E N U E S
In order to consult with a physician group, a manage-
ment accountant must have a good understanding of
How Management
Accountants Make
Physicians’ Practices
More Profitable
Spring
2005
VOL.6 NO.3
Spring
2005
THE KEY TO PROFITABILITY IS TO USE COST ANALYSIS BY DETERMINING A PRACTICE’S
COST STRUCTURE AND USING THOSE COSTS TO EVALUATE CONTRACTS, ALLOCATE
BONUSES EQUITABLY, AND MAKE STRATEGIC DECISIONS ABOUT THE FINANCIAL FUTURE
OF THE PRACTICE GROUP.
B Y M A R S H A S C H E I D T , D B A , C M A , A N D G R E G T H I B A D O U X , P H . D .
13M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y S P R I N G 2 0 0 5 , V O L . 6 , N O . 3
the sources of practice revenues. As noted ...
this is assignment 1Financial Stateme.docx
this is assignment 1
Financial Statement Analysis
Student name
University
Professor
October 25, 2016
Financial Statement Analysis
Based on your review of the financial statements, suggest a key insight about the financial health of the company. Speculate on the likely reaction to the financial statements from various stakeholder groups (employee, investors, shareholders). Provide support for your rationale.
Health Management Associates, Inc. (NYSE: HMA) is the operator and owner-general acute care centers in the non-urban communities situated in the US, particularly in the Southwest. The organization was founded in 1977. The hospitals provide services such as oncology, emergency room care, general surgery, internal medicine, radiology, pediatric services, coronary care, and diagnostic care (
www.healthcaremanagement.com
).The company is also providing outpatient services like x-ray, respiratory therapy, one-day surgery, laboratory services, physical therapy as well as cardiology therapy. The mission of the Health Management is to provide America’s best local healthcare. They provide processes, capital finance, expertise, and people that can ensure that the local hospitals can accomplish their mission of delivering compassionate and high-quality healthcare that would substantially improve the lives of patients, the communities they serve, and the physicians providing the care
www.healthcaremanagement.com
)
With regard to the review of the current financial statement, HMA is in a dangerous financial state as a result of the present increasing debts and legal woes. The Office of the Inspector General, Justice Department, and the Department of Health and Human Services served the organization with summons regarding a software program that was used by ED doctors and the records from the emergency department. Some reports suggested that there was pressure from the company’s hospitals management to admit patients from emergency rooms so as to maximize profits. Paul Meyer, former compliance director, claimed that HMA’s fraudulent activities could attract government investigation (Britt, 2012).
The common stock of Health Management Associates was owned by almost 850 shareholders, as per the records of December 31, 2012, with hundreds of institutional investors included. HMA had expanded to include 70 hospitals situated in 15 states, with roughly 10,562 present licensed beds. In 2012, HMA realized about $5.9 billion in net revenue (Britt, 2012).
HMA gets payments for the services it renders from the federal government through the Medicare program, the states in which it functions under each Medicaid program, and commercial insurance, among others; and patients, encompassing deductibles and co-payments. Basically, deductibles and co-payments are part of the bill of patients for the medical services provided, which many government and private payers expect the patient to cater for. The amount of deductibles and co-payments v.
Debeture as sources of finance
Finance is essential for businesses and can come from internal or external sources. Internal sources include personal savings and retained profits. External sources are from outside the business and include ownership capital from shareholders and non-ownership capital from lenders like banks. Different sources have different benefits and costs. Long-term sources include equity shares, preference shares, and debentures, while short-term sources include trade credit and overdraft facilities. Debentures are debt instruments that allow companies to borrow money from the public over a long period at a fixed interest rate. They do not confer ownership or voting rights but are often secured against company assets.
Trade finance
Open Business Council offers resources, Trade Finance, business advice, SME Finance and a forum and directory for businesses!
http://www.openbusinesscouncil.org/
Sources of finance for Oil,Gas and Petroleum companies.
This document summarizes various sources of finance available to oil, gas, and petroleum companies. It discusses internal sources like profits, customers, and suppliers. It also outlines various external sources of equity and debt finance, including short, medium, and long-term debt options like bank loans, debentures, leasing, etc. Finally, it provides details on important financial items that would be present on the balance sheets of oil companies, such as share capital, long-term borrowings, types of debentures, loans from development boards, and external commercial borrowings.
Finance and Accounting Management and PlanningChapter O.docx
Finance and Accounting
Management and Planning
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
1. Describe the essence of financial governance and working capital policy.
2. Apply the functions of long-term finance to management in the healthcare industry.
3. Explain the essence of accounting as it applies to healthcare management.
6
© Imagebroker.net/SuperStock
Finance and Accounting Management and Planning Chapter 6
The relationships among the practices of medicine, healthcare management, and finan-
cial management can easily be described as being complex. A physician in an individual
practice, one in a group of specialists, and managers within a larger healthcare facility setting
all encounter myriad challenges associated with setting prices for services; receiving payments
from insurance companies, patients, and the government; paying for medical equipment and
supplies; and covering the costs of operation, including wages for support staff, the price of a
physical office space through a lease or a purchase, and other expenses. Meanwhile, healthcare
managers must also contend with requests for purchases of new equipment, increased space, and
a variety of additional items that may or may not be suited to a healthcare organization’s goals.
Healthcare managers also oversee payroll, billing statements, accounts payable and receivable,
third-party reimbursements, discounting systems, tax statements and bills, and numerous finan-
cial and accounting activities. All of these tasks relate to the process of cash flow management,
or working capital policy.
Working capital policy poses challenges for managers in every type of industry. However, health-
care providers face additional obstacles that most private-sector companies do not. For example,
any physician or pharmacy accepting Medicare and Medicaid patients often encounters diffi-
culties in receiving reimbursements in a
timely fashion. The dilemma follows a com-
mon cycle: A patient receives care or fills
a prescription; reimbursement documents
are filed with the appropriate government
agency; then the wait begins, many times
for months. Meanwhile, supply bills, sala-
ries, utilities, and other expenses come due
and must be paid. Thus, any pharmacy or
medical practice that accepts Medicare or
Medicaid but that does not have a substan-
tial cash reserve has a problem.
Consider the dilemma of Dr. Madalene
Green, a solo practitioner at Potomac
Arthritis and Rheumatism in Bethesda,
Maryland. Medicare covers 50% of her
patients. In a recent government entangle-
ment over budget issues, Medicare stopped
making payments. The net result was that Dr. Green had to forgo her own salary in order to
remain solvent (Washington Business Journal, 2010).
In 2008, physicians in California and other Western states complained that they were owed mil-
lions of dollars in backlogged Medicare reimbursements. This continuing problem has led some
physic ...
FAMILY MEDICINE CLINIC BUSINESS PLANStude.docx
FAMILY MEDICINE CLINIC BUSINESS PLAN
Student’s name
Introduction
As part of its ongoing efforts to improve access to health care, General Medical Center is subsidizing the start-up and first year of operations of a new family medicine practice, Park Square Family Medicine.
As a advanced practice nurses (APN), I have invested a lot of time and money into education I have gone through dealing with the state laws and nurse practice acts, also gone through the principle of autonomy / collaborative approach of practice with physician
This is important because it fulfils the requirement of the APN professional business plan requirement and also to have an insight to what it takes to set up a clinic after licensure as an APN with practice privileges.
Mission/vision statement
Our vision is to bring quality and affordable healthcare. The clinic aspires to bring special healthcare services, health educational programs (primary preventive measures) as well as personal health and wellness programs.
Location of Business
The targeted location will be in Colorado because:
There is a wide range of people
Large Population
Easily accessible
The targeted location for the hospital set up will be in Colorado. This location is best since there is a wide range of people and the population as well is fair which implies that the hospital will have patients in regular basis which further ensure that the hospital will have a continuous flow of income. Before choosing the location, a thorough research was conducted, and further feasibility studies were conducted so as to be able to penetrate the available market and most importantly become the preferred choice.
4
SWOT Analysis
Strengths-
a well-qualified team of professionals in various positions of the hospital.
Clinic has a strong ethos of openness, sharing and commitment
weaknesses
Staff not clear of their role in the patient relationship
it is just starting out and therefore may not have sufficient required finance which will sustain the kind of the publicity
The strength of the hospital lies from the fact that they have a well-qualified team of professionals in various positions of the hospital. Therefore, they have the best arms in the whole of Colorado. Moreover, the hospital will be operating for twenty-four hours a day unlike other hospitals. Also, the clinic has a strong ethos of openness, sharing and commitment to increasing patient confidence Patients wanting to get involved Local charities willing to participate. The weaknesses limited is that it is just starting out and therefore may not have sufficient required finance which will sustain the kind of the publicity which is intended so that the business can be well known and also, Staff is not clear of their role in the patient relationship
5
Opportunities
Constant inflow of patients
Active volunteer committee willing to plan and organize events
Threat
Economic turndown
Patients confidentiality risk
.
FMICh2.pptx
Fiduciary or paper money is issued by the Central Bank on the basis of
computation of estimated demand for cash. Monetary policy guides the Central
Bank’s supply of money in order to achieve the objectives of price stability (or low
inflation rate), full employment, and growth in aggregate income.
Dr13 the future_of_health_care_insurance_whats_ahead3
Deloitte is a global network of professional services firms that offers audit, consulting, risk advisory, and financial advisory services. It has member firms in over 150 countries worldwide that operate as separate legal entities. The document provides background information on Deloitte's legal structure and services, notes limitations on certain attest services for public accounting clients, and includes disclaimers around the general and non-professional nature of the publication's content. It also provides copyright information for Deloitte and the publication.
Direct and Indirect Financing
to cover up direct finance and sources on flip indirect finance and its sources and units of economy.
250 word response AMA format response to classmate Alsahlawi’s dis.docx
250 word response AMA format response to classmate Alsahlawi’s discussion board post below:
Response instructions: provide feedback regarding what they've identified as working or not working, as well as their suggestions for improvement. Why do you agree or disagree? How might you improve their suggested improvement?
Top of Form
The interrelationship between the revenue cycle and reimbursement are centered around the financial situation of the organization. A healthcare revenue cycle is the process whereby institutions manage administrative and clinical functions, including "identification, management, and collection of patient service revenue."1 This often begins once a patient makes their first appointment, up until all payment has been received and accounted for. Once a patient is seen, and the healthcare provider enters the correct ICD-10 code, billable fees are generated in the form of a claim. These are sent to payers (private or via the government) for reimbursement.1 Healthcare centers are usually reimbursed for services they provide to patients, which is the goal of the revenue cycle. Namely, to get paid for services rendered as soon as possible. Thus, there are many actors involved in the process- from the healthcare organization, to the patient, to the insurance companies.
Two processes that are working are the tracking of claims, and training of staff. Healthcare centers often have large financial departments that track revenue cycles, and specifically reimbursement claims. This is a great process to have, as it takes the onus of finances off of clinical staff. Another process that works is the training of staff. By having specialized administrators and financial counselors working on processing claims, they can be better prepared if a claim denial happens.
Two processes that could be improved upon are insurance eligibility, and ICD-10 coding. Providers, in conjunction with their institution's financial services department, should have to verify insurance eligibility for their patients in the pre-registration process. This way, pricing of services can remain transparent and insurance companies can reimburse quickly. Another process that needs improvement is ICD-10 coding. By providing the incorrect code, providers can ultimately disrupt the reimbursement process. Rather than having too many codes causing confusion, ICD-10 coding should be readily available to assist providers.1
Reference
1. RevCycle Intelligence. What is Healthcare Revenue Cycle Management? Web. https://revcycleintelligence.com/features/what-is-healthcare-revenue-cycle-management. Accessed September 10, 2017.
Bottom of Form
...
Cbfsi business overview healthcare aug 2011
CBFSI provides alternative financing solutions for healthcare companies and commercial real estate, offering loans for areas such as working capital, acquisitions, and real estate projects. They have over 13 years of experience in non-traditional lending and serve organizations across various healthcare sectors including hospitals, medical practices, and senior housing. CBFSI works to understand each client's unique needs and objectives to help them access capital and grow their business.
MSME Financing - Alternative Financing Instruments - Part - 14
Asset-based finance is an alternative form of financing where firms obtain funding based on the value of specific assets like accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment, rather than on their own creditworthiness. It provides faster access to cash under more flexible terms than traditional bank loans. While asset-based finance is widely used, alternative debt instruments have seen limited usage among SMEs. Policymakers are targeting transparency and investor protection rules to develop corporate bond markets for SMEs. Trade credit is also an important source of short-term financing for SMEs through loans and guarantees to support import/export activities.
Navigating Debt Relief in Canada_ The Superior Choice of a Licensed Insolvenc...
For individuals facing the daunting challenge of overcoming debt, engaging with a Licensed Insolvency Trustee like Maria Rickard & Ass. Inc. can pave the way towards financial recovery and stability. Their expertise and personalized approach ensure that the most effective strategies are employed to address and resolve financial hardships.
Similar to Does adding debt increase or decrease the flexibility of a healthcare.docx (20)
Assignment Details Assignment Description Original non Plagarized
Assignment Details Assignment Description Original non Plagarized
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y
12M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y
Sources of finance for Oil,Gas and Petroleum companies.
Sources of finance for Oil,Gas and Petroleum companies.
Finance and Accounting Management and PlanningChapter O.docx
Finance and Accounting Management and PlanningChapter O.docx
Dr13 the future_of_health_care_insurance_whats_ahead3
Dr13 the future_of_health_care_insurance_whats_ahead3
250 word response AMA format response to classmate Alsahlawi’s dis.docx
250 word response AMA format response to classmate Alsahlawi’s dis.docx
MSME Financing - Alternative Financing Instruments - Part - 14
MSME Financing - Alternative Financing Instruments - Part - 14
Navigating Debt Relief in Canada_ The Superior Choice of a Licensed Insolvenc...
Navigating Debt Relief in Canada_ The Superior Choice of a Licensed Insolvenc...
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Discuss reaction strategies to handle Malware-SolutionMalware- Malware.docx
Discuss reaction strategies to handle Malware?
Solution
Malware:
Malware is a software that is dangerous, It can damage phone, desktop or tablet.
There are many types of malware:
Strategies:
There are two ways :
1.Protecting the enclave boundaries
2.Protecting the computing environment.
Enclave Boundaries:
Enclave Boundary is the point where the organisation interacts with internet.
Firewall: Firewall is used to access the control for inbound and outbound comunications.Various attacks will be reduced .The firewall needs to be configured for outbound network traffic.
Intrusion Detection system: It is used to identify network traffic in real time.They have signatures to detect malwars and abnormal network communications. The IDS placement is external to the organization as well as internally, just behind the firewall.
Computed Environments
Computing hardware and software from attack will be the first line of defence against the malware inside and outside.
Authorised local network devices: USB thumb-drives, MP3 players, personal or consultant laptops may be a threat ,therefore if an exception is required by business case, the owner should ensure the device is free of malware before allowed to connect to the network.
Operating systems hardening: Operating systems should be hardened to improve the ability to withstand attacks.
Anti virus updating: Anti virus updation is a very important strategy to control malware. Every updation of viruses will clean up the system particularly and prevent by network malwares.
Change control process: A change control has to be processed for the document and review firewall and other network changes before they are implemented.
Host based firewall: These are  helpful to identify applications that may have been trojanized after initial installation. It is also used to validate the application.
Vulnerability scanning:It is used to scan results in which hosts are vulnerable of various attacks.
.
Discuss the differences between a form and a report- What characterist.docx
Discuss the differences between a form and a report. What characteristics make a form or report good (bad) and effective (ineffective)? Give examples of good and bad reports and forms.
Solution
Reports are only used to extract and present data for viewing and printing.
Forms are a generic term for windows used to interact with users. A form can accept data from a user for data entry or to provide input to a query. A form can present data to a user, e.g. the results of a query.
Forms are intended more for simple/limited data interaction where reports are used to present, typically, larger volumes of data
Communication is the essence of life. Every day, millions of messages are sent and received both verbally and nonverbally. Whether it is the president making a speech, a billboard promoting a product or a professor lecturing to a class, communication has the power to shape and change culture, society and the lives of individuals. Communication is simply conveying information to another person in a way they fully understand. Ineffective communication can lead to confusion, frustration and low morale.
Function
The function of effective communication is to accurately relay a particular message in such a way that the listener understands. Communication is used to inform, correct, share emotions and educate. If communication is ineffective it has the power to hurt, confuse and misinform the listener. The function of effective communication can be best seen in the business world. If a company is able to effectively communicate with its workers, they will feel empowered, informed and appreciated.
Types
The two types of communication are verbal and nonverbal. Verbal communication is the oral use of words to send a message. Nonverbal communications are messages that are sent and received without the use of words. For example, if you say,
.
DQuestion 23 10 pts Explain how the de Broglie wavelength is related t.docx
DQuestion 23 10 pts Explain how the de Broglie wavelength is related to the stability of the electron orbit in the atom
Solution
The Bohr model for the atom, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, had negatively charged particles called electrons orbiting around the positively charged nucleus in fixed circular orbits.
Orbits close to the nucleus were of less energy than orbits further away from the nucleus.
This model was designed to explain the hydrogen emission spectrum, which it did quite well, but it was an uncomfortable mix of classical physics and the quantisation of energy.
It did not answer the question of why electrons should move in circular orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.
In 1905, Albert Einstein showed that light could be considered as both a wave and a particle. This is referred to as the wave-particle dualism of radiation.In 1924, French physicist Louis de Broglie suggested that particles might also have a wave-particle dualism and sometimes act as waves.
He said that the wavelength (?) of a particle should be inversely proportional to both the :
Increasing the mass of a particle reduces its wavelength. Increasing the speed of a particle reduces its wavelength (and thereby increases its frequency) In the Bohr model of the atom, an electron close to the nucleus has less energy (lower speed) than an electron further from the nucleus (faster moving electron).If electrons can be considered as a wave, then an electron close to the nucleus would have a longer wavelength than an electron further from the nucleus.
Louis de Broglie realized that if an electron is confined to an orbit around the nucleus, standing waves would be set up, that is, the orbit of an electron would correspond to a fixed whole number of wavelengths for the electron. Fractions of wavelengths are not allowed. You can have 1 wavelength or 2 wavelengths, but you can\'t have ½ a wavelength nor can you have 1.75 wavelengths. 2
Close to the nucleus, n=1 of the Bohr model, the energy of the electron provides for an orbit corresponding to 1 wavelength. The next orbit, n=2, corresponds to an orbit two wavelengths long. Then the n=3 orbit can fit three wavelengths, etc
Bohr’s theory works! It generates the correct formula for the energy levels in a hydrogen atom. This is because the Bohr postulate: inadvertently makes use of the de Broglie wave associated with an electron. m o vr = n (h/2?) Supposing the classical orbit is circular, let’s look at that the associated de Broglie wave following the motion: in order for the wave to return to its initial value (i.e. we are requiring that the wave be single valued), we must have 2?r = circumference = n ?
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Discuss in scholarly detail implications of any considerations that sh.docx
Discuss in scholarly detail implications of any considerations that should be emphasized by firms seeking to manage a strategy-culture relationship.
Solution
Suspicion of corporations, corporate executives, and a general mistrust of business in the minds of the public grew in two waves. The first of these was the late 1960?s in which issues management was formed in reaction to these pressures as a process in which corporations could better understand, anticipate, and proactively manage issues of public concern. The second wave of heightened mistrust was in the late 1990?s to early 2000s, as a reaction to huge corporate scandals such as that of Enron. As thousands of former-Enron employees lost their retirement funds in the collapse, Enron executives maintained in the news media that they had done nothing wrong. Yet, as facts emerged, ethical transgressions of the public trust were unearthed and criminal charges against many top executives were filed; later convictions followed (for more discussion of this case, see Bowen & Heath (2005) or Sims & Brinkman (2003). The shockwaves following Enron, and other scandals of this period such as Tyco and WorldCom, resulted in new demands for ethical responsibility and corporate governance. One result was the implementation of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (http://www.sarbanes-oxley.com/index.php) in which the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) required new standards of financial compliance and record keeping. From these cases and the new legislation, a renewed concern for corporate ethics, compliance, regulation, governance, transparency, and honest financial reporting procedures resulted. Many of these issues are the domain of the public relations function, and all of them are communicated about by the public relations function.
Research conducted recently by the International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) Research Foundation (http://www.iabc.com/rf/) studied public relations ethics and reported survey results from 1,827 IABC members and other professional communicators worldwide (Bowen & Heath, 2006). The study (Bowen et al., 2006) revealed a number of surprising and interesting findings in public relations ethics. Public relations practitioners around the world reported that 65% of them have regular access to the
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Discuss the difference between Financial Accounting and Managerial Acc (1).docx
Discuss the difference between Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting, especially in relationship to costs. Provide a definition of Opportunity Costs and Accounting Costs and discuss how we can further analyze these costs and provide subcategories of each.
Solution
The differences between management accounting and financial accounting include:[1]
Management accounting provides information to people within an organisation while financial accounting is mainly for those outside it, such as shareholders
Financial accounting is required by law while management accounting is not. Specific standards and formats may be required for statutory accounts such as International Financial Reporting Standards.
Financial accounting covers the entire organisation while management accounting may be concerned with particular products or cost centres.
Managerial accounting is used primarily by those within a company or organization. Reports can be generated for any period of time such as daily, weekly or monthly. Reports are considered to be \"future looking\" and have forecasting value to those within the company.
Financial accounting is used primarily by those outside of a company or organization. Financial reports are usually created for a set period of time, such as a fiscal year or period. Financial reports are historically factual and have predictive value to those who wish to make financial decisions or investments in a company. Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Such reports may include:
Sales Forecasting reports
Budget analysis and comparative analysis
Feasibility studies
Merger and consolidation reports
Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports, including the basic reporting requirements of profitability, liquidity, solvency and stability. Reports of this nature can be accessed by internal and external users such as the shareholders, the banks and the creditors.
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Distinguish between individual barriers and organizational barriers to.docx
Distinguish between individual barriers and organizational barriers to communication. Explain two examples of each beside those referenced in the textbook.
Solution
Organizational barriers : The barriers that generate form within the organization are known as organizational barriers may be of the following types:
Negative organizational climate : The main aspect of organizational climate that acts as communication barrier is the negative attitude of top management. Negative attitude of top management discourages communication initiative of the employees.
Absence of communication policy : Well-designed communication policy encourages communication in the organization. In the absence of such policies, employees fail hesitate to communicate.
Excessive authority layers : Excessive authority layers acts as a severe impediment to successful communication. In the case of excessive authority impediment to successful communication. In the case of excessive authority layers, information reaches to its final destination passing through several hierarchical levels. As a result, information may be distorted or lost. Excessive authority layers also causes delay in communication.
Filtering : Filtering implies willful distortion of information. This problem usually arise in upward communication. In upward communication, employees tend to pass only those messages that create positive impression about them.
Examples of organizational barriers are poor planning, Cultural Differences, Workplace Stress
Individual Barriers : Barriers created by the sender and receiver are known as individual barriers. Such barriers include the following:
Differences in personality : Personality is the set of attributes that define a person. Every person holds a distinct personality. This individual nature of personality acts as barrier to communication.
Perceptual differences : Perception is the unique way in which people respond or interpret an object. Difference in perception is a very common problem in effective communication. It for example, a subscriber of BTTB
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Discussion Topic 1- Internal control consists of the policies and proc.docx
Discussion Topic 1: Internal control consists of the policies and procedures established to prevent or detect errors or fraud. The internal control structure is the cornerstone to good financial practices. Review the Management Antifraud Programs and Controls (14-step program) and select one of the steps to discuss. Be sure to share your thoughts on how this step helps to enhance the reliability of financial reporting.
Solution
An Internal Control is a business practice, policy or procedure that is established within an organization to minimize the risk of of fraud and errors.Management is primarily responsible for maintaining proper internal control in such way that will provide reasonable assurance regarding achivement of objectives in following ways-
1- Effectiveness and efficiency of operations
2- Safeguarding of assets
3- Reliability of financial reporting
4- Compliance with applicable laws and regulations
Management Antifraud programs and controls-
It is guidance to help prevent, prevent, Deter and Detect Fraud. Neither fraudulent financial reporting nor misappropriation of assets can occur without a perceived opportunity to commit and conceal the act. This document offers the ways in which management can identify and measure the risk of fraud as well as step to mitigate those risk and implement preventive internal Controls. Management Antifraud Programs and Controls is a 14-step program that any organization can use to detect and prevent fraud.
Creating a Culture of Honesty and high ethics- It is responsibility of Management to create a culture of honesty and ethics and to communicate clearly acceptable behaviour and exception for each emloyee. Creating a culture of honesty it should inclue the following-
1- Setting the tone at the top for ethical behaviour in Organizatio.
2- Creating a positive workplace envouionment.
3- Independent Auditors.
4- Certified Fraud Auditors
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Discuss the tools and technologies for collaboration and teamwork that.docx
Discuss the tools and technologies for collaboration and teamwork that are available and how they provide value to an organization.
Solution
Answer:)
1.Document Collaboration: These tools provide the ability to not just share a document with others, but to actively work on it together, in real time. Google Docs is a well known example, but there are many other variations toGoogle Docs.
2. Profiles: We use to call them Employee Directories and had deep discussions about what information to capture in a user\'s profile. But profiles are much more today, enabling us to share details about ourselves, our interests, our knowledge and expertise, and much more.
3. Blogs and Wikis: Pretty standard stuff these days really. Blogs let us share information and knowledge and allow people to respond via comments, tagging and rating. Wikis allow multiple people to contribute to a subject.
4. Microblogging: Twitter and Yammer are the most notable microbloggingtechnologies, but there are other vendors like SocialText, NewsGatorand others who focus strongly on this capability. Sometimes also called an activity feed, you can let people know what you are working on (manually or via automation), discuss documents, projects, etc, and at the same time ask for help to the general community.
5. Communities: These are groupings of capabilities like those listed above set up for projects, communities of interest or practices, or around other topics and themes. There are many different types of communities, open or private, internal, external, mixed.
6. Calendars: Shared calendars allow you to have one calendar for all those involved in a project.
7. Idea Management: Also known as innovation management. These tools provide the ability for employees to participate in generating ideas for things like products and services, ways to improve existing products and services, business processes, etc..
8. Social Networks: How many times have you heard \"Facebook for the enterprise\". Social Networks enable employees to work together and play together. A prime example:Salesforce.com\'s Chatter.
9. Social Knowledge Networks: SKNs are tools that provide a place to share and find the organization\'s knowledge, pulling content from across the organization into a single location to share and collaboration. SKNs are specialized communities.
10. Web Conferencing: No more need to travel with the availability of numerous web conferencing tools.
11. User generated content: There are any number of tools to allow users to submit content, both moderated or un-moderated.
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Discuss the statement of cash flows Values Limitations This relates to.docx
Discuss the statement of cash flows
Values
Limitations
This relates to Intermediate Accounting 2, Statement of Cash Flows Revisited, Chapter 21, Intermediate Accounting 7th Edition, Spiceland, Sepe, Nelson.
Comment
Solution
2. Cash flow statement helps management in proper cash planning and maintaining matching between cash inflows and outflows.
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discuss the role of nanotechnology in today-'s information age-Solutio.docx
discuss the role of nanotechnology in today\'s information age.
Solution
Nanotechnology (\" nanotech \") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form \"nanotechnologies\" as well as \"nanoscale technologies\" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size. Because of the variety of potential applications (including industrial and military), governments have invested billions of dollars in nanotechnology research. Until 2012, through its National Nanotechnology Initiative, the USA has invested 3.7 billion dollars, the European Union has invested 1.2 billion and Japan 750 million dollars.
Nanotechnology as defined by size is naturally very broad, including fields of science as diverse as surface science, organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, microfabrication, etc. [4] The associated research and applications are equally diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale.
Scientists currently debate the future implications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, biomaterials energy production, and consumer products. On the other hand, nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as any new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics, as well as speculation about various doomsday scenarios. These concerns have led to a debate among advocacy groups and governments on whether special regulation of nanotechnology is warranted.
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Discuss the reasons for the growing interest in and availability of hi.docx
Discuss the reasons for the growing interest in and availability of high-speed alternatives for wide area networking.
Solution
A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network, usually used for connecting computers, which spreads over large geographical area such as between cities , states or even countries .Generally WANs are used by organizations or corporations in order to exchange the data between their computers in offices .Most large corporations such as Verizon , ATT with facilities at multiple locations use WANs and even small businesses with just two remote sites increasingly use WANs. Internet is in essence a very large WAN.
Disadvantages of WAN
Most of the organizations are trying to reduce the number of data centers by consolidation, often by virtualizing servers and other hardware. This caused reduction in the number of data centers and growth in the number of users who work remotely greatly increase demands on the WAN. Growing volumes of data also stress WANs.
Network faces challenges with newer technologies, such as desktop virtualization, and voice and video applications. Whether deployed on a mobile device or some other network endpoint, these technologies produce large volumes of network traffic, which leads to congestion and saturation of network links. This can slow application response and degrade delivery of multimedia content. Network Optimization needs to be done in order to meet all the demands.
One way to address poor WAN performance is simply to acquire more bandwidth for the long-distance connections among data centers and branch offices.
Most of the Organizations would prefer to reduce, not increase, their operations and maintenance costs, which would provide more money for innovative application development related to the organization’s mission.
Cost and performance drives the organizations to look for high speed alternatives for wide area networking.
While the Internet and other networking developments have changed the face of WANs and have threatened some older forms of WAN technology, a number of experts believe they will become more important rather than less, as trends like globalization and telecommuting create new demand for high-power long-distance networking. Demand for network bandwidth will continue to grow. One technology forecast saw corporate WAN traffic rising by as much as 30 percent a year through 2002, and much of this traffic will increasingly be routed through public networks using virtual private network technology rather than the closed private networks of the past.
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Discuss the nature of Greek theater and the purpose it served in Ancie.docx
Discuss the nature of Greek theater and the purpose it served in Ancient Greece.
Solution
The Greek theatre history began with festivals honoring their gods. A god, Dionysus, was honored with a festival called by \"City Dionysia\". In Athens, during this festival, men used to perform songs to welcome Dionysus. Plays were only presented at City Dionysia festival.
Athens was the main center for these theatrical traditions. Athenians spread these festivals to its numerous allies in order to promote a common identity.
Orchestra : A large circular or rectangular area at the center part of the theatre, where the play, dance, religious rites, acting used to take place.
Skene : A large rectangular building situated behind the orchestra, used as a backstage. Actors could change their costumes and masks. Earlier the skene was a tent or hut, later it became a permanent stone structure. These structures were sometimes painted to serve as backdrops.
Rising from the circle of the orchestra was the audience. The theatres were originally built on a very large scale to accommodate the large number of people on stage, as well as the large number of people in the audience, up to fourteen thousand.
Acting
The cast of a Greek play in the Dionysia was comprised of amateurs, not professionals (all male).
Ancient Greek actors had to gesture grandly so that the entire audience could see and hear the story. However most Greek theatres were cleverly constructed to transmit even the smallest sound to any seat.
Costumes and Masks
The actors were so far away from the audience that without the aid of exaggerated costumes and masks.
The masks were made of linen or cork, so none have survived. Tragic masks carried mournful or pained expressions, while comic masks were smiling or leering.
The shape of the mask amplified the actor\'s voice, making his words easier for the audience to hear.
At the early Greek festivals, the actors, directors, and dramatists were all the same person. After some time, only three actors were allowed to perform in each play. Later few non-speaking roles were allowed to perform on-stage. Due to limited number of actors allowed on-stage, the chorus evolved into a very active part of Greek theatre. Music was often played during the chorus\' delivery of its lines.
Greek Theatre
Theatre buildings were called a theatron. The theaters were large, open-air structures constructed on the slopes of hills. They consisted of three main elements: the orchestra, the skene, and the audience.
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Discuss the impact of a strong culture on organization and managersSol.docx
Discuss the impact of a strong culture on organization and managers
Solution
Organization Culture is the sum total of the psychology and attitudes which are communicated by the leadership team to the employees and the ethics, values and beliefs which are incorporated for execution of work and obtaining business objectives.
Leadership: Organization culture is defined by the leadership of the organization. The CEO is the torch-bearer of organization culture. The mission, vision and strategy communicated by the senior management is the glue which holds the organization together and moves everybody in the same direction. Lack of clear direction, frequent and abrupt changes and arbitrary decisions in mission, vision and strategy contribute to the negativity in the organization culture. This also results in various departments having different work cultures and working in a counter-productive manner. This directly impacts the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations. Depending on the level and clarity of leadership communication, the organization at a macro level may be in high, medium or low risk as depicted in the adjoining chart.
Attitudes & Beliefs: The psychology and behavior shown throughout the organization by the employees for doing day-to-day operations reflect the organization culture. Organizations show healthy attitudes where employees are rewarded on performance, there is lack of discrimination due to age, race, color and gender and there is minimal harassment and workplace aggression. Organizations having aggressive work cultures, which are number driven and lack humanity, impact the control environment negatively. In such cases, for the sake of efficiency, legal requirements are compromised. Carried to an excessive stage, the organization may become unsafe for work and/or shareholder investments. The control environment is such cases maybe seriously impacted, as there is strong alignment towards unhealthy and corrupt business practices.
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Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of supporting links to files th.docx
Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of supporting links to files that cross mount points (that is, the file that is stored in a different volume).
Solution
Advantages and Disadvantages of supporting Links to Files that Cross Mount Points :
From the perspective of the user, they do not need to be alluded to the fact that the file exists on a different volume. The disadvantage is that when the related volume is not mounted, opening the file would raise an error to the user making it apparent that it is a dead link and sses file system boundaries. Inter-volume linking is only a convenience if the host volume is always available to provide the linked file.
Relative Merits of given each Approach :
With a single shared copy, several concurrent updates to the file may have an unintended effect but the file will not be left in an incoherent state – which can happen if multiple unresolvable copies of the same file were to exist. Furthermore, maintaining independent mirrors of a file would result in a waste of storage
Advantages and Disadvantages of associating with Remote File Systems :
The advantage is that there is greater transparency in the sense that the user does not need to be aware of mount points and create links in all scenarios. The disadvantage however is that the file system containing the link might be mounted while the file system containing the target file might not be, and therefore one can not provide transparent access to the file in such a scenario; the error condition would expose to the user that a link is a dead link and that the link does indeed cross file system boundaries.
Implications of supporting UNIX Consistency semantics :
Consistency semantics requires updates to a file to be immediately available to other processes. Supporting such a semantics for shared files on remote file systems could result in the following inefficiencies: all updates by a client have to be immediately reported to the file server instead of being batched (or even ignored if the updates are to a temporary file), and updates have to be communicated by thefile server to clients caching the data immediately, again resulting in
more communication.
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Discuss how engineers and risk experts view and deal with risks- (Appr.docx
Discuss how engineers and risk experts view and deal with risks. (Approximately 2 paragraphs).
Solution
Risk identification is one of the most important steps of risk management, and consists of discovering, defining, describing, documenting and communicating risks before they become a problem and adversely affect a project.
Engineers must deal with risks and uncertainties as a part of their professional work and, in particular, uncertainties are inherent to engineering models. Models play a central role in engineering but often represent an abstract and idealized version of the mathematical properties of a target. Using models, engineers can investigate and acquire understanding of how an object or phenomenon will perform under specified conditions. This paper defines the different stages of the modeling process in engineering, classifies the various sources of uncertainty that arise in each stage, and discusses the categories into which these uncertainties fall. The paper then considers the way uncertainty and modeling are approached in science and the criteria for evaluating scientific hypotheses, in order to highlight the very different criteria appropriate for the development of models and the treatment of the inherent uncertainties in engineering.
There is increasing awareness that discrepancies in risk judgments between experts, in addition to those with the public, are a major difficulty in achieving effective risk communication. This article reports on a survey of members of different environmental disciplines to determine the extent to which these individuals share similar beliefs and conceptual frameworks concerning basic assumptions in environmental health risk assessment. The results showed that divergent interpretations did exist among respondents on several issues, and even between members of the same discipline. In light of these difficulties in evaluating and communicating risk, experts should evaluate their own knowledge and understanding of these concepts and should be fully aware of the strengths and limitations of the methods used for risk assessment.
isk assessments are necessary to anticipate and prevent accidents from occurring or repeating. Since product design safety and reliability are affected the most by decisions made during the early design phases, a risk assessment that can be performed with less mature data during these design phases is needed. This study focuses on the relationship between function and risk in early design by presenting a mathematical mapping from product function to risk assessments that can be used in the conceptual design phase. An investigation of a spacecraft orientation subsystem is used to demonstrate these mappings.
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Discuss how complementary social- managerial- and organizational asset.docx
Discuss how complementary social, managerial, and organizational assets help optimize returns from information technology investments.
Solution
The research (Management Information System by Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P. Laudon, 12th Edition) says that itself doesnot provide best returns because company’s social, managerial, and organizational assets play important role on helping the company to optimize returns from information technology investments. The followings are some of main aspects that company’s social, managerial, and organizational assets help the company to optimize returns from information technology investments:
First, favorable organizational assets are supportive business culture that value efficiency and effectiveness, appropriate business model. Efficient business process, decentralized of authority, highly distributed rights, and strong information system development team. Organizational assets are so critical to information sharing across enterprise. In favorable organizational environment, each part of organization contributes their part of operation chain and then information is ready available to down-stream operation or up-stream operation. A well implemented and used supply chain system is a good example.
Second, important managerial complementary assets are strong senior management support for changes, incentive systems that monitor ad reward individual innovation and emphasis on teamwork and collaboration, training programs, and a management cultural that value flexibility and knowledge. Managerial asset are key success factors for company to introduce and then effectively utilize information technology. Let’s take ERP (enterprise resource planning) systems (such as SAP and PeopleSoft), if we have a strong senior management that supports for changes, we would have better outcome on introducing new technologies especially enterprise system.
Third, social assets such as the intern et. A digital firm is one in which nearly all of the organization’s significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled, and key corporate assets are managed through digital means.
When a firm goes digital, it’s not about just adding a computer system to the mix. Throwing a computer system at outdated business processes is exactly the wrong thing to do. A truly digital firm has several characteristics that distinguish it from most of the firms claiming to be digitized:
And the number one reason digital firms experience greater opportunities for success and profits is because they view information technology as the core of the business and a primary management tool.
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difference between Gre tunnel and vpn tunneling-Solution1- VPN tunneli.docx
difference between Gre tunnel and vpn tunneling?
Solution
1. VPN tunneling means Virtual private networks. This network is used to connect two locations for transferring the data over the two locations using internet.
Where GRE means Generic routing encapsulation. This will create private point to point connection between two networks for transferring the data using internet.
2. VPN tunneling uses many number of Encryption methods to secure the data while transferring the data, so that the data cannot be attacked by the third party.
GRE tunneling uses the Encapsulation method to transfer the data. That means the encapsulated packet will be routed using internet to the destination. It works with the encapsulating the payload. When the packet is encapsulated the inner packet payload will not change. As the outer packet reaches the destination the encapsulation is removed and the final payload is forwarded to the destination.
3. VPN tunneling requires an internet connection and some software applications and some installations. So it is less expensive and less installation to connect the two new networks.
GRE tunneling does not have any mechanisms for the flow control and security by default. By this feature this tunneling can be easily configured.
4. VPN tunneling cannot forward the data from discontiguous network through a single tunnel.
GRE tunneling can forward the data from discontiguous network through a single tunnel.
5. VPN tunneling cannot be used to forward multicast traffic.
GRE tunneling can forward multicast traffic. By this reason advertisements sent by routing protocols can be easily transferred between remote sites.
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Effective managers stay abreast of current HR topics- Some relevant is.docx
Effective managers stay abreast of current HR topics.
Some relevant issues facing today\'s managers include: global HRM, labor relations, social media, whistleblower rules, e-HRM/self-service, moving from transactional to strategic HRM, the knowledge economy, outsourcing pros and cons, managing four different generations in the workforce, increasing age of the workforce, the glass ceiling, implications of baby boomer retirements, immigration, social responsibility, elder care, executive pay, and alternative work arrangements.
Select three topics from the list above (other than the topics you researched in Module 8 DQ 1). Research each topic. For each of your three chosen topics, provide a bulleted list of five or six relevant facts that you believe have significance for line managers.
Solution
SOCIAL MEDIA:
Marketers spend billions of dollars on social media every year, and they\'re increasingly turning to technology vendors to support their social programs. But for many marketers, the social technology vendor landscape verges on indecipherable. To select the right tools and technology for their social plans, marketing leaders must classify and choose vendors based not on the characteristics of their technologies but instead on the distinct business value those technologies offer. To aid in that process, this report introduces the four categories of social technology that marketers should consider:
Global Human Resource Management
With the advent of globalization, organizations - big or small have ceased to be local, they have become global! This has increased the workforce diversity and cultural sensitivities have emerged like never before. All this led to the development of Global Human Resource Management.
Even those organizations who consider themselves immune to transactions across geographical boundaries are connected to the wider network globally. They are in one way or the other dependent upon organizations that may even not have heard about. There is interdependence between organizations in various areas and functions.
The preliminary function of global Human Resource Management is that the organization carries a local appeal in the host country despite maintaining an international feel . To exemplify, any multinational / international company would not like to be called as local, however the same wants a domestic touch in the host country and there lies the challenge.
objectives:
LABOUR RELATIONS:
The main objectives of labour relations system are:-
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effective managers stay abreast of current HR topics- Some relevant is (1).docx
effective managers stay abreast of current HR topics.
Some relevant issues facing today\'s managers include: global HRM, labor relations, social media, whistleblower rules, e-HRM/self-service the knowledge economy, outsourcing pros and cons, managing four different generations in the workforce, increasing age of the workforce, employee privacy, the glass ceiling, implications of baby boomer retirements, immigration, social responsibility, elder care, executive pay, and alternative work arrangements.
Select three topics from the list above (or choose other current topics that are not included). Research each topic. For each of your three chosen topics, provide a bulleted list of four or five relevant points that you believe have significance for line managers.
Solution
The three topics that I have chose are :
1. Outsourcing.
2.Alternative Work Arrangements.
3.Labor relations.
1. Outsourcing :
Defination: Outsourcing is a process where one company hires another another company to get the job done. A company can hire a firm on contract basis and work until the contract is finished.The company offers to provides services to toher company , which was once produced within the company.
The most common outsourcing is done by the companies like :
Advantages of Outsourcing :
Disadvantages of Outsourcing :
2. Alternative Work Arrangements :
Defination : The arrangements stan ddifferent from the regular mode of office works. Thi sprovides more scope fro flexibility at time and work locations to the employees.
Advantages of Alternate Work Arrangements :
Disadvantages of alternative Work Arrangements :
3. Labor Relations.
Defination : The relationship between the management and its employees is known as labour management. Many acts and Laws have been passed to ensure good working conditions in the organization.Labour Acts are issued as per the working conditions and daily wages of the hiring company.
Advantages of Labour Relations:
Disadvantages of Labor Relations :
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Discuss how the following court case illustrates how the courts- throu.docx
Discuss how the following court case illustrates how the courts, through judicially enunciated doctrines, impact the interpretation of tax law. Charles E Wolfe w 612 F. Supp 605 (DC Mont, 1985) aff d. 798 F.2d 1241 (9th Cir, 1986). Follow the format of the Case Brief Example on blackboard and include: Facts Issue Decision Reasons for Decision
Solution
Facts:
Wolfe & E company\'s into truck trailer lease , the sole shareholder and president is Mr.Wolfe , he is also the proprietorship of other \" on the road business\" under the name of Charles .e. wolfe d/b/a Evergreen express.Wolfe did not have a seperate bank account for the corporation , also he paid all the wages and salraies form the proprietorship account while claiming the expenses under the corpoeration
Issue : the wolfe Corporation incurred a federal tax liability of $114,472.91 for employment , fuel and highway use taxes and for penalties fees and interest.Wolfe paid the tax after ICC was laid on him but he contended that Service cannot look into his personal property for payment if the tax due.However IRS stated since corporation was alter ego of the Wolfe
Decision : It was decided that corporation was the alter ego of the Wolfe, thus justifying the piercing of viel.
Reasons for Decision:
The wolfe did not maintain a seperate bank account , also he paid salary and wages of the employees form the proprietorship,also wolfe was the sole shareholder and president of the corporation,He did not consulted other directors for decision making.his personal funds are premingled with corporations.His and corporations credit are used interchangebaly to acquire loans, they are in the same business,sharing same address, wolfe admits to third parties that they are one and the same, corporations income is distributed through other means than diividends.
thus corporation and shareholder share common identity, thus it was proper for the service to look into his personal property.
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