SlideShare a Scribd company logo
B Y J E S S H I L T O N
Codes+Conventions
DOCUMENTARY
CAMERAWORK
Interview Setup:
• Rule of thirds
• Light source usually in front of the interview
• Eye level camera
• Subjects eye line is a third of the way down the screen
• Subject looking off to the side
• Generally close up/medium close up
• Subject positioned to the right or left
CAMERAWORK
Observational Footage:
• Handheld camerawork
• Variety of shot movement and sizes
• Establishing shots
ARCHIVE MATERIAL
Still Images:
• Camera movement
Chromakey:
• Archive material as background to interviews
MISE-EN-SCENE
Relevant to interviewee and/or topic:
• Location of interviews
• Clothing
• Observational footage
GRAPHICS
In Interviews:
• Name – biggest text
• Relevance – Smaller text
• Simple, plain font
• Anchors the persons relevance to the topic
SOUND
Voice of God Narration:
• Holds the documentary together
• Links topics, provides exposition, facts and statistics
• Standard English
• Formal
Music is relevant to the topic
Diegetic sound from interviews and observational footage
EDITING
Plain and simple, doesn’t distract
Edits out questions and covers jump cuts with observational
footage to create flow (cutaways)
Montage of images
Steady pace
Dissolves sometimes used as cutaways
• Expert interviewees – phrases a question so that when the
interviewee answers, the audience knows what they are
talking about.
NARRATIVE
Mostly non-linear:
• Segmented
Mostly single-stranded
Can be open or closed endings
-> Voxpops
• A series of very short clips with a simple question and the
generic public.

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Documentary codes + conventions

  • 1. B Y J E S S H I L T O N Codes+Conventions DOCUMENTARY
  • 2. CAMERAWORK Interview Setup: • Rule of thirds • Light source usually in front of the interview • Eye level camera • Subjects eye line is a third of the way down the screen • Subject looking off to the side • Generally close up/medium close up • Subject positioned to the right or left
  • 3. CAMERAWORK Observational Footage: • Handheld camerawork • Variety of shot movement and sizes • Establishing shots
  • 4. ARCHIVE MATERIAL Still Images: • Camera movement Chromakey: • Archive material as background to interviews
  • 5. MISE-EN-SCENE Relevant to interviewee and/or topic: • Location of interviews • Clothing • Observational footage
  • 6. GRAPHICS In Interviews: • Name – biggest text • Relevance – Smaller text • Simple, plain font • Anchors the persons relevance to the topic
  • 7. SOUND Voice of God Narration: • Holds the documentary together • Links topics, provides exposition, facts and statistics • Standard English • Formal Music is relevant to the topic Diegetic sound from interviews and observational footage
  • 8. EDITING Plain and simple, doesn’t distract Edits out questions and covers jump cuts with observational footage to create flow (cutaways) Montage of images Steady pace Dissolves sometimes used as cutaways • Expert interviewees – phrases a question so that when the interviewee answers, the audience knows what they are talking about.
  • 9. NARRATIVE Mostly non-linear: • Segmented Mostly single-stranded Can be open or closed endings -> Voxpops • A series of very short clips with a simple question and the generic public.