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Basic Conventions of
   Documentary
•Interviews with people important to the subject- usually finished with camera on a tripod
•Interviews are framed using the rule of thirds
•The interviewer often does not feature; questions are edited out
•Subject looks across the camera at the interviewer, not at the camera
•The subjects face is lit from the front, not from behind – never in front of a window
•Different interviews are filmed using different shot sizes and framing to provide variety (eg. Medium
shot, head on the left=> close up, head on right, etc.)
•Background mise en scene is organised to reflect the topic or personality of the subject
•Blue screen/chroma-key may be used to put relevant images behind the subject
•Graphics showing the names of the subjects and other relevant information are positioned at the
bottom of the screen
•Cutaway shots are inserted into interview footage to illustrate what the subject is talking about
A non-diegetic musical soundtrack may be used behind the voice-over, and may rise in volume
                                when there is no voice-over
•Establishing shots may be used to indentify locations where people live or where events are
                                       taking place.
Presenter/voice-over narrator usually speaks with an authoritative voice.
A presenter who speaks to the camera and/or voice-over narration delivering a
carefully written script – anchors the meaning of the visual images and guides
the viewer’s understanding of the topic
•Still photographs may be used to illustrate what is being spoke about- the camera may or zoom
                                  in/out on still photographs.
Archive footage may be used to illustrate historic facts
Vox pops- soundbites of interviews with ordinary people- sometimes filmed with hand held
                                         camera

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Basic conventions of documentary

  • 1. Basic Conventions of Documentary
  • 2. •Interviews with people important to the subject- usually finished with camera on a tripod •Interviews are framed using the rule of thirds •The interviewer often does not feature; questions are edited out •Subject looks across the camera at the interviewer, not at the camera •The subjects face is lit from the front, not from behind – never in front of a window •Different interviews are filmed using different shot sizes and framing to provide variety (eg. Medium shot, head on the left=> close up, head on right, etc.) •Background mise en scene is organised to reflect the topic or personality of the subject •Blue screen/chroma-key may be used to put relevant images behind the subject •Graphics showing the names of the subjects and other relevant information are positioned at the bottom of the screen
  • 3. •Cutaway shots are inserted into interview footage to illustrate what the subject is talking about
  • 4. A non-diegetic musical soundtrack may be used behind the voice-over, and may rise in volume when there is no voice-over
  • 5. •Establishing shots may be used to indentify locations where people live or where events are taking place.
  • 6. Presenter/voice-over narrator usually speaks with an authoritative voice. A presenter who speaks to the camera and/or voice-over narration delivering a carefully written script – anchors the meaning of the visual images and guides the viewer’s understanding of the topic
  • 7. •Still photographs may be used to illustrate what is being spoke about- the camera may or zoom in/out on still photographs.
  • 8. Archive footage may be used to illustrate historic facts
  • 9. Vox pops- soundbites of interviews with ordinary people- sometimes filmed with hand held camera