doctoral study prospectus 9 Nature of the Study To conduct the current study, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed research approaches were considered. I selected the quantitative method because it helps test hypotheses through a deductive approach. Quantitative method involves measuring constructs through quantitative variables and statistical tools to test hypotheses to address research questions (O'Dwyer & Bernauer, 2016). In contrast, qualitative research is characterized by an inductive approach, where perceptions and subjective experiences of individuals are used to develop themes of a research phenomenon (Östlund et al., 2011). The mixed approach, which involves aspects from both the quantitative and the qualitative approaches, is useful in studies specifically suited for that purpose, as such a combination involves limitations inherent in both approaches (Bryman, 2006). I will not use the qualitative method as the purpose of this study does not require an inductive approach, nor will I use mixed methods approach as the additional requirements for qualitative elements are not necessary in this study. For research design, I considered descriptive design and correlational design. I selected the correlational design because the purpose of this study involves examining the relationship between variables. Correlational research design entails the measurement of two or more relevant variables, as well as assessing the relationship between variables (Crawford, 2014). In contrast, descriptive research design is used to gather quantifiable data and describe the nature of a demographic segment (Mertens, 2014). I will not use descriptive research design as the purpose in this study is not to describe the nature of employees at the selected business organization but to examine the relationship between transformational leadership components, namely idealized influence, inspirational motivation, and individualized consideration and employee retention. References Anitha, J., & Begum, F. N. (2016). Role of organisational culture and employee commitment in employee retention. ASBM Journal of Management, 9(1), 17-28. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Role-of-Organisational-Culture-and-Employee-in-Anitha-Begum/78f5caf30944c582f3c1fe4f8ae82f77d6a9cafd Avolio, B., & Bass, B. (2002). Developing potential across a full range of leadership cases on transactional and transformational leadership. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Avolio, B., Waldman, D., & Yammarino, F. (1991). Leading in the 1990s: The four I’s of transformational leadership. Journal of European Industrial Training, 15(4), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599110143366 Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.004 Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done? Quali ...

1. doctoral study prospectus
9
Nature of the Study
To conduct the current study, qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed research approaches were considered. I selected the
quantitative method because it helps test hypotheses through a
deductive approach. Quantitative method involves measuring
constructs through quantitative variables and statistical tools to
test hypotheses to address research questions (O'Dwyer &
Bernauer, 2016). In contrast, qualitative research is
characterized by an inductive approach, where perceptions and
subjective experiences of individuals are used to develop
themes of a research phenomenon (Östlund et al., 2011). The
mixed approach, which involves aspects from both the
quantitative and the qualitative approaches, is useful in studies
specifically suited for that purpose, as such a combination
involves limitations inherent in both approaches (Bryman,
2006). I will not use the qualitative method as the purpose of
this study does not require an inductive approach, nor will I use
mixed methods approach as the additional requirements for
qualitative elements are not necessary in this study.
For research design, I considered descriptive design and
correlational design. I selected the correlational design because
the purpose of this study involves examining the relationship
between variables. Correlational research design entails the
measurement of two or more relevant variables, as well as
assessing the relationship between variables (Crawford, 2014).
In contrast, descriptive research design is used to gather
quantifiable data and describe the nature of a demographic
segment (Mertens, 2014). I will not use descriptive research
design as the purpose in this study is not to describe the nature
of employees at the selected business organizatio n but to

2. examine the relationship between transformational leadership
components, namely idealized influence, inspirational
motivation, and individualized consideration and employee
retention.
References
Anitha, J., & Begum, F. N. (2016). Role of organisational
culture and employee commitment in employee retention.
ASBM Journal of Management, 9(1), 17-28.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Role-of-Organisational-
Culture-and-Employee-in-Anitha-
Begum/78f5caf30944c582f3c1fe4f8ae82f77d6a9cafd
Avolio, B., & Bass, B. (2002). Developing potential across a
full range of leadership cases on transactional and
transformational leadership. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Avolio, B., Waldman, D., & Yammarino, F. (1991). Leading in
the 1990s: The four I’s of transformational leadership. Journal
of European Industrial Training, 15(4), 9-16.
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599110143366
Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., & Clarke, S.
(2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction
and patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180-189.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.004
Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative
research: How is it done? Qualitative Research, 6(1), 97-113.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794106058877
Crawford, M. (2014). Strengths and limitations of correlational
design, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4195.7920
Cylus, J., & Avendano, M. (2017). Receiving unemployment
benefits may have positive effects on the health of the
unemployed. Health Affairs, 36(2), 289-296.
https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1040
Fallesen, P., Geerdsen, L., Imai, S., & Tranæs, T. (2018). The
effect of active labor market policies on crime: Incapacitation
and program effects. Labour Economics, 52 (2018), 263-286.

3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2018.03.002
Givens, R. J. (2008). Transformational leadership: The impact
on organizational and personal outcomes. Emerging Leadership
Journeys, 1(1), 4-24.
https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/elj/issue1/ELJ_
V1Is1_Givens.pdf
Jiang, W., Zhao, X., & Ni, J. (2017). The impact of
transformational leadership on employee sustainable
performance: The mediating role of organizational citizenship
behavior. Sustainability, 9(9), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091567
Johnson, B. (2001). Toward a new classification of
nonexperimental quantitative research. Educational
Researcher, 30(2), 3-13.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/R_Johnson3/publication/25
0182704_Toward_a_New_Classification_of_Nonexperimental_
Quantitative_Research/links/56e1fd7e08ae03f0278ed889.pdf
Lee, T., Hom, P., Eberly, M., & Li, J. (2018). Managing
employee retention and turnover with 21st century
ideas. Organizational Dynamics, 47(2), 88-98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.08.004
Mcfeely, S., & Wigert, B. (2019). This fixable problem costs
U.S. businesses $1 trillion. Gallup.
Norström, F., Waenerlund, A., Lindholm, L., Nygren, R.,
Sahlén, K., & Brydsten, A. (2019). Does unemployment
contribute to poorer health-related quality of life among
Swedish adults? BioMed Central Public Health, 19(1),1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6825-y
O'Dwyer, L., & Bernauer, J. (2016). Quantitative research for
the qualitative researcher. SAGE.
Oldham, J. (1994). Experimental and quasi-experimental
research designs: The author identifies and explores the
characteristics of design in experimental and quasi-experimental

4. research. Nurse Researcher, 1(4), 26-36.
https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.1.4.26.s4
Östlund, U., Kidd, L., Wengström, Y., & Rowa-Dewar, N.
(2011). Combining qualitative and quantitative research within
mixed method research designs: A methodological
review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(3), 369-
383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.10.005
Park, C., McQuaid, R., Lee, J., Kim, S., & Lee, I. (2019). The
impact of job retention on continuous growth of engineering and
informational technology SMEs in South
Korea. Sustainability, 11(18), 1-19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185005
Susilo, D. (2018). Transformational leadership: a style of
motivating employees. Management and Economics Journal
(MEC-J), 2(2), 109-116.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328167090_TRANSF
ORMATIONAL_LEADERSHIP_A_STYLE_OF_MOTIVATING
_EMPLOYEES
Tian, H., Iqbal, S., Akhtar, S., Qalati, S., Anwar, F., & Khan,
M. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on
employee retention: Mediation and moderation through
organizational citizenship behavior and
communication. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(314), 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00314
Voßemer, J., Gebel, M., Täht, K., Unt, M., Högberg, B., &
Strandh, M. (2017). The effects of unemployment and insecure
jobs on well-being and health: The moderating role of labor
market policies. Social Indicators Research, 138(3), 1229-1257.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1697-y
Nature of the Study
Nature of the Study Draft Template
1st Paragraph
Line:

5. 1st - I propose a qualitative study.
2nd - Define what a qualitative study is and cite with a seminal
work.
3rd - Make the tie-in to your study based on the defining
sentence above.
4th - Define a quantitative study and cite with a seminal work.
5th- Make the tie-in to your study based on the defining
sentence.
6th- Define a mixed methods study and cite with a seminal
work.
7th - Make the tie-in to your study based on the defining
sentence.
2nd Paragraph
Line:
1st - I propose a multiple (or single) case study.
2nd - Define what a case study is and cite with a seminal work.
3rd - Make the tie-in to your study based on the defining
sentence above (Seminal example =
Yin).
4th - Define multiple or single case study (whichever one you
chose).
5th - Make the tie-in to your study based on the defining
sentence above (Seminal example =
Yin).
6th - Define an ethnographic study and cite with a seminal work
(Seminal example = Wolcott). Remember – the key words for an
ethnographic study are “culture” and “Immersion”.
7th- Make the tie-in to your study based on the defining
sentence.
8th- Define a phenomenological study and cite with a seminal
work (Seminal example =

6. Giorgi). Remember – the key words for a
phenomenological study are “lived experience”.
9th - Make the tie-in to your study based on the defining
sentence.