DNA Repair and replication Valentina Ruiz Giraldo- Medicine Student

1. Valentina Ruiz Giraldo
Medicine Student
DNA Repair and replication

2. DNA repare and replication
Bibliography
I. Martinez Sanchez, Lina
Maria. Biología Molecular.
8 ed. Medellín: UPB.
Fac.Medicina
II. Stowers Institute for
M e d i c a l R e s e a r c h .
(2017, June 22). Cancer
cells may streamline
their genomes in order
to proliferate more
easily. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved July 24, 2017
f r o m
www.sciencedaily.com/
r e l e a s e s /
2017/06/1706221429
59.htm
III. University of North
Carolina Health Care.
(2017, June 12). Where
cigarette smoking's
damage is done -- down
t o y o u r
DNA. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved July 24, 2017
f r o m
www.sciencedaily.com/
r e l e a s e s /
2017/06/1706121709
19.htm
IV.Images: Pinterest
The new research in this kind of
topic are a huge step for medicine,
prevention and treatment
The basis of all the properties of
every living been lies in the DNA so
do a lot of the mutations and
diseases that affects the world
population, that why the damage
and reparation that takes places in
that level are so important, and,
like many other methods of
treatment and prevention, the
DNA repair, replication and damage
should have a big place for
investigation, and have proven to
have whit it big answers
Talking about smoking damage and
mechanisms of cancer is touching
a worldwide problem and at the
time a mystery that is being
revealed and build in investigation
terms, this is a big hope for
medical personal and for patient
Valentina Ruiz Giraldo
Medicine Student
Molecular Biology
Lina Martínez
UtilityMedical

3. The study, made in
mouse and human cell,
s h o w s t h a t c a n c e r
genomes lose copies o
rDNA, this reduction in its
size might enable cells to
replicate faster, but it
also seem to make the
more sensitive to DNA
damage.
Smoking cigarettes
damages the DNA, this
damage can lead to lung
cancer. New studies has
discover and maped the
exact places where the
damage is done, this will
be useful for helping,
preventing and trating
the affected patiens
DNA repair and replication
it’s a fundamental cell
process, it is needed for
cellular correct division.
DNA repair is done to
avoid damaged future
cells, to make a correct
cellular replication, and
prevent from mutation in
the DNA that can lead to
serious health problems
and irreversible diseases
like cancer.
I n t h i s r e v i e w a r e
analyzed two medical
news product of two
different investigations
whit a common topic:
DNA damage and repair
of it.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Cigarette Smoking
Damage In The Dna
Cancer Cells Change
To Proliferate
Cancer cells somehow manage to
be highly proliferative, making more
rRNA and synthesizing more
protein, everything with fewer
copies of rDNA.
In this study the mouse cancer cells
were treated with DNA damaging
drugs and found that cancer cells
were more sensitive to DNA
damage tan normal cells
The dangerous compounds involved in
smoking cigarettes can bond to the
DNA impeding the correct celular
divition.
This new maping method enable
scientists to identify the places in the
genome where the cell is trying to
repair the damage, identifying where
the cell can and can not repair itself
STUDENT’S OPINION
This maping is a big step into
treatment and prevetion in lung
cancer, and show the smokers how
cigarette can cause serious
problems. Also its a new door for
investigation in the field
STUDENT’S OPINION
This study is a open door for cancer
treatment and for investigation,
revealing the exacts mechanisms of
some tipes of cancer and how
treatment can make cancer cells
weaker, making big steps in cancer
treatment and investigation

4. Introduction
The DNA can be damage by
metabolism disorder, radiation
or substances exposition.
There are different
mechanisms of reparation:
direct reversal of damaged
DNA, by excision and by
double screw break
This two research are focus
on DNA damage, repair,
and how does it react to
external factors like
medicine or cigarette
What Damages
The Dna?
How Does It
Reapir Itself?
Investigations

5. It was done in the
university of north
Carolina health care by
Aziz Sancar, MD, PhD
(Nobel prize in
chemistry)
The study was published
in the Proceedings of the
national academy of
sciences. Also, this
a
Cigarette Smoking Damage In The Dna
research work creates a
mapping that shows
exactly where the
damage is done down to
the DNA

6. The BaP (Benzo[α]Pirene) is a
p o l y c y c l i c a r o m a t i c
hydrocarbon, it’s a byproduct of
burning organic compounds,
when it get in touch with the
THE TOP CANCERIGENOUS
blood, it breaks into more
dangerous molecules known as
BPDE (benzo[α]pyrene diol
epoxide), this one reacts with
the DNA, forming a bond to the
guanine

7. This new maping method identify
the places in the DNA where cells
are trying to repair the damage,
with nucleotide excision repair
They collect the cut off sequences
(damaged sequences) that result
from the DNA repair, put them all
together and then they map it, like
making a puzzle
HOW THEY
DID IT?

8. WHAT DID THEY FIND?
WHAT CAN THEY DO WITH
THE STUDY?
Dose of the toxin needed to overwhelm
the nucleotide excision repair capacity
Variations and genes that give people
more or less capacity to repair the
damage
Spots in the genome that repair
successfully
They showed that reapair of the damage
caused by BPDE tend to occur more in
guanine, followed by cytosine , thymine
and then adenine. Marking a hotspot.
WHAT´S NEXT? More specific studies, and new methods
for identification of the damage

9. STUDENT´S OPINION
I think this kind of research are
extremely important, they
dilucidate a lot of new things
about the amount of damage that
cause smoking, and like this
develop new ways of treatment,
giving patient and medical
personal certain security
For me is more important trying
to show the damage that cause
smoking, to avoid, and try to
prevent people from smoking

10. It showed that cancer cells might streamline their genome in
order to proliferate easier and faster
This study was made in the Stowers Institute for Medical
Research, published June 22, 2017 in PLoS Genetics
It was conduced in human and mouse cells
CANCER CELLS CHANGE TO
PROLIFERATE

11. THERESULTS
Suggest that off-loading
copies of ribosomal DNA
could create instability in
the genome that makes
cells susceptible to
chemotherapy with
DNA-damaging drugs

12. Studies have shown that Ribosomal
DNA in cancer cells needs more
ribosomes than normal cells, witch
results to be the opposite in the
study, they prove that the cells
somehow managed to be highly
proliferative, made more ribosomal
RNA, and synthesized more protein,
all with fewer copies of ribosomal
DNA
WHAT DID THEY
PROVE?

13. The investigation team
treated mouses with
diferent DNA damaging
drugs, discovering that
cancer cells were more
sensitive to damage than
normal cells.
They think that ribosomic
DNA breaks regullary and
then undergoes either
expansion or contraction,
and is currently
investigating those
mecanisms that cause the
instability
WHAT´S HE DOING
NOW?

14. STUDENT´S OPINION
Cancer is one of the most feared
diseases, that why investigation
focused on it is so important.
I think that discovering new
ways of action of cancer in the
cells and mechanisms of current
treatment are the first step to
develop treatments for that
damage, and could put in
discussion actual and future
treatments for this pathology, so
as prevention for bigger and
more dangerous complications
and consequences.

15. Mapping specific points of damage and
discovering new reaction form
damaged DNA are a very important
step to discover how the DNA reacts to
some external factors that can affect it.
From this new discoveries is possible
to identify sensitive points and target
treatment for various diseases that
directly affect the genome
MEDICALUTILITY

16. Both investigation are focus on cancer, a
pathology that affects directly the
genome, cell replication and repair, this
researches help find the exact effect of
cancer in cells, where it damage and how
to avoid the damage and its replication
MEDICALUTILITY

17. Gene therapy is the solution for many
diseases, so knowing the genome and its
reaction to pathogens or external agents
becomes one of the bases for this type of
therapy
MEDICALUTILITY

18. New discoveries creates an open door for
future investigation, the answers generate new
questions, and that what investigation is
about. Keep looking for new mechanisms
from the body and from the factors that
affects it.
That’s why this investigations are a
propulsion to make new revealing and create
solutions, which step by step help treat this
damage
MEDICALUTILITY

19. Bibliography
I. Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria. Biología
Molecular. 8 ed. Medellín: UPB.
Fac.Medicina
II. Stowers Institute for Medical Research.
(2017, June 22). Cancer cells may
streamline their genomes in order to
proliferate more easily. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved July 24, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/06/170622142959.htm
III. University of North Carolina Health
Care. (2017, June 12). Where cigarette
smoking's damage is done -- down to
your DNA. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July
24, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/2017/06/170612170919.htm
IV. Images: Pinterest