A good comprehensive review of gene delivery and gene therapy. especially for master of pharmacy 2nd-semester students as per the PCI syllabus of subject Molecular pharmaceutics.
List of contents under this ppt :
{A} GENE THERAPY
(1) Definition
(2) Introduction
(3) History
(4) Ex-Vivo gene therapy
(5) In-Vivo gene therapy
(6) Germline gene therapy
(7) Advantages of gene therapy
(8) Disadvantages of gene therapy
(9) Potential target diseases for gene therapy
a. inherited disorders :- ADA SCID, Chronic granulomatous, Hemophelia
b. Cancer
{B} GENE DELIVERY
(1) Definition
(2) Introduction
(3) Types of vectors
a. Viral :- Retrovirus, Adenovirus, Adeno associated virus, Herps simplex virus
b. Non viral :-
Physical methods - Gene gun, Microinjection, Electroporation, Sonoporation
Chemical methods - Oligonucleotides, Lipoplexes, Polyplexes, Dendrimers, Nanoparticles.
Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. The slides explain what is gene tharapy? Types of gene therapy. http://www.wesrch.com/
A good comprehensive review of gene delivery and gene therapy. especially for master of pharmacy 2nd-semester students as per the PCI syllabus of subject Molecular pharmaceutics.
List of contents under this ppt :
{A} GENE THERAPY
(1) Definition
(2) Introduction
(3) History
(4) Ex-Vivo gene therapy
(5) In-Vivo gene therapy
(6) Germline gene therapy
(7) Advantages of gene therapy
(8) Disadvantages of gene therapy
(9) Potential target diseases for gene therapy
a. inherited disorders :- ADA SCID, Chronic granulomatous, Hemophelia
b. Cancer
{B} GENE DELIVERY
(1) Definition
(2) Introduction
(3) Types of vectors
a. Viral :- Retrovirus, Adenovirus, Adeno associated virus, Herps simplex virus
b. Non viral :-
Physical methods - Gene gun, Microinjection, Electroporation, Sonoporation
Chemical methods - Oligonucleotides, Lipoplexes, Polyplexes, Dendrimers, Nanoparticles.
Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. The slides explain what is gene tharapy? Types of gene therapy. http://www.wesrch.com/
GENE THERAPY: TYPES, METHODS, FACTORS AND STANDARDS AND ITS APPLICATION IN HEALTHCARE FIELD
INVIVO THERAPY AND EXVIVO THERAPY
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METHODS TO CARRY ON GENE THERAPY
DEFECTIVE GENE IDENTIFICATION IN GENE THERAPY AND TREATMENT OF GENETICALLY AFFECTED GENE BY GENE THERAPY
Gene therapy is the process of inserting genes into cells to prevent, treat or cure wide range of diseases. Gene therapy primarily involves genetic manipulations in animals or humans to correct a disease. Gene augmentation therapy: a DNA is inserted into the Genome to replace the missing gene product.Gene inhibition therapy: the antisense gene inhibits the expression of the dominant gene.
Trends and issues in medical surgical nursing pptseema dhiman
current trends and issues in medical surgical nursing is quite important on the basis of improvement of care based on new technologies and situation.
Trends and issues in medical-surgical nursing
What do you mean by issues?
What do you mean by trends?
INTRODUCTION- Nursing has been called the oldest of the art, and the youngest of the profession. As such, it has gone through many stages and has been an integral part of social movements. Nursing has been involved in in the existing culture, shaped by it and yet beeping to develop it. The trend analysis and future scenarios provide a basis for sound decision making through mapping of possible futures and aiming to create preferred futures.
The world health organization (who) has been considering the future and predicts that by 2000 the world experiences:
Major growth in the elderly population
Decline in birth rate, especially in western counteries
Increase in chronic illness
Continuing social unrest
AIDS a major problem
Many infectious diseases under control
Mental health a key issue
Poverty continuing to plague mach of the world
TRENDS IN NURSING: Education changes due to changes in demographics
2. Embracing of technology
3. Advancements in communication and technology
4. Working with more educated consumers
5. Increasing complexity of patient care
. Increased cost of health care
7. Changes in federal and state regulation
8. Interdisciplinary skills
9. Nurses working beyond retirement age
10. Advances in nursing and science research.
TRANSITIONS TAKING PLACE IN HEALTH CARE: Curative - Preventive approach
Specialized care - Primary health care
Medical diagnosis - Patient emphasis
Discipline stovepipes - Programme stovepipes
Professional identity - Team identity
Trial and error - Evidence based practice
Self – regulation - Questioning of professions
Focus on quality - Focus on costs
IN THE WORKPLACE: High tech - Humanistic
Competition - Cooperation
Need to supervise - Caching, mentoring
Hierarchies - Decentralized approach
IN NURSING: Continued competencies - Competencies a condition
Hospital environment - Community environment
Quality as excellence - Quality as safe
Clear role - Blurring roles
INTRODUCTION OF GENE THERAPY, HISTORY OF GENE THERAPY, Process of gene therapy, Methods of gene therapy, Ex vivo gene therapy , In Vivo Gene Therapy , Uses of gene therapy, Target sites for Gene Therapy , Vectors for gene therapy , Viral Vectors, Non Viral Vectors,
Production of monoclonal antibody.in this slide you can easily understand the production in short an its easy to understand as well learn the processes
Gene therapy involves the insertion of a functioning gene into cells to correct a cellular dysfunction
KEY WORDS : GENETICS, MUTATION , GENETIC ENGINEERING.
GENE THERAPY: TYPES, METHODS, FACTORS AND STANDARDS AND ITS APPLICATION IN HEALTHCARE FIELD
INVIVO THERAPY AND EXVIVO THERAPY
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METHODS TO CARRY ON GENE THERAPY
DEFECTIVE GENE IDENTIFICATION IN GENE THERAPY AND TREATMENT OF GENETICALLY AFFECTED GENE BY GENE THERAPY
Gene therapy is the process of inserting genes into cells to prevent, treat or cure wide range of diseases. Gene therapy primarily involves genetic manipulations in animals or humans to correct a disease. Gene augmentation therapy: a DNA is inserted into the Genome to replace the missing gene product.Gene inhibition therapy: the antisense gene inhibits the expression of the dominant gene.
Trends and issues in medical surgical nursing pptseema dhiman
current trends and issues in medical surgical nursing is quite important on the basis of improvement of care based on new technologies and situation.
Trends and issues in medical-surgical nursing
What do you mean by issues?
What do you mean by trends?
INTRODUCTION- Nursing has been called the oldest of the art, and the youngest of the profession. As such, it has gone through many stages and has been an integral part of social movements. Nursing has been involved in in the existing culture, shaped by it and yet beeping to develop it. The trend analysis and future scenarios provide a basis for sound decision making through mapping of possible futures and aiming to create preferred futures.
The world health organization (who) has been considering the future and predicts that by 2000 the world experiences:
Major growth in the elderly population
Decline in birth rate, especially in western counteries
Increase in chronic illness
Continuing social unrest
AIDS a major problem
Many infectious diseases under control
Mental health a key issue
Poverty continuing to plague mach of the world
TRENDS IN NURSING: Education changes due to changes in demographics
2. Embracing of technology
3. Advancements in communication and technology
4. Working with more educated consumers
5. Increasing complexity of patient care
. Increased cost of health care
7. Changes in federal and state regulation
8. Interdisciplinary skills
9. Nurses working beyond retirement age
10. Advances in nursing and science research.
TRANSITIONS TAKING PLACE IN HEALTH CARE: Curative - Preventive approach
Specialized care - Primary health care
Medical diagnosis - Patient emphasis
Discipline stovepipes - Programme stovepipes
Professional identity - Team identity
Trial and error - Evidence based practice
Self – regulation - Questioning of professions
Focus on quality - Focus on costs
IN THE WORKPLACE: High tech - Humanistic
Competition - Cooperation
Need to supervise - Caching, mentoring
Hierarchies - Decentralized approach
IN NURSING: Continued competencies - Competencies a condition
Hospital environment - Community environment
Quality as excellence - Quality as safe
Clear role - Blurring roles
INTRODUCTION OF GENE THERAPY, HISTORY OF GENE THERAPY, Process of gene therapy, Methods of gene therapy, Ex vivo gene therapy , In Vivo Gene Therapy , Uses of gene therapy, Target sites for Gene Therapy , Vectors for gene therapy , Viral Vectors, Non Viral Vectors,
Production of monoclonal antibody.in this slide you can easily understand the production in short an its easy to understand as well learn the processes
Gene therapy involves the insertion of a functioning gene into cells to correct a cellular dysfunction
KEY WORDS : GENETICS, MUTATION , GENETIC ENGINEERING.
Advances in biochemistry and molecular biology have helped to understand the genetic basis of inherited diseases.
Gene therapy was once considered a fantasy (imaginary).
It was a dream of the researchers to replace the defective genes with good ones and cure the genetic disorders.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Introduction
Gene therapy which was first conceived in the
mid-1970s, aims to insert working copies of
genes into cells containing dysfunctional ones.
3. In the 1980s, Scientists began to look into gene
therapy.
They would insert human genes into a bacteria
cell.
Then the bacteria cell would transcribe and
translate the information into a protein.
Then they would introduce the protein into
human cells.
4. Gene therapy was discovered
by Mr. William French
Anderson.
Idea conceptualized in 1972
First Approved Gene Therapy
experiment on human was done
in US in 1990.
5. These trials were stopped when it was
discovered that two of ten patients in one
trial had developed leukemia resulting from
the insertion of the gene-carrying
retrovirus near an oncogene.
6. In 1992 Doctor Claudio Bordignon working at
the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,
Milan, Italy performed the first procedure of
gene therapy using hematopoietic stem cells as
vectors to deliver genes intended to correct
hereditary diseases.
7. In 1993 Andrew Gobea was born with severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
Blood was removed from Andrew's placenta and
umbilical cord immediately after birth,
containing stem cells.
After four years more treatment was needed.
8. Gene therapy is primarily experimental, with
most human clinical trials only in the research
stages
Cost depends on the trial being performed
and does not involves taking money from the
patients.
More than 5000 patients have been treated
in last 12 years worldwide
9. What is gene therapy?
Gene therapy is the
insertion, alteration, or
removal of genes within an
individual's cells and
biological tissues to treat
disease.
It is a technique for
correcting defective genes
that are responsible for
disease development.
10. Goals of Gene Therapy
Replacing a mutated gene that causes
disease with a healthy copy of the gene.
Inactivating, or “knocking out,” a mutated
gene that is functioning improperly.
Introducing a new gene into the body to
help fight a disease.
11. The most common approach for correcting
faulty genes is to insert a “normal” gene
into the genome to replace an “abnormal”
disease-causing gene.
12. Vector
A vector is a “vehicle” used to deliver genes.
The different types of vectors are:
Retrovirus
Adenovirus
Adeno-Associated Virus
Herpes Simplex Virus
Naked DNA
21. Somatic cell gene therapy
1. Gene augmentation
Simply adding a useful gene into a selected
cell type to compensate for the missing or
flawed version. Useful in treating loss of
function mutations such as Tumour Genes
22. 2. Gene replacement
This strategy replaces the mutant copy with a
correctly functioning copy in situ. Useful for
gain of function mutations such as oncogenes
23. 3. Specific inhibition of gene
expression
Involves silencing of specific genes like activated
oncogenes, by using molecules that degrade RNA
transcripts.
24.
25. 4. Targeted cell death
Tissue specific toxicity as a result of gene therapy.
Useful in cancer therapy
Direct approach
30. Medical Conditions for Which Gene
Therapy Is Being Studied
AIDS
Hemophilia
Liver cancer
Asthma
Lung cancer
Brain tumor
Melanoma
Muscular dystrophy
Breast cancer
Colon cancer
Neurodegenerative
conditions
Diabetes
Ovarian cancer
Heart diseases
Prostate cancer
31. Criteria for a gene therapy
candidate disease
The condition must result from mutations in one
or more genes.
Must know which gene is involved and have an
available DNA copy of that gene.
Must know the biology of the disorder - which
tissue is affected.
32. Adding a normal copy of the gene must fix the
problem.
It must be possible to deliver the gene to cells
of the affected tissue.
33. Benefits
Cures could be developed for hereditary
diseases such as Huntington’s Disease and
various cancers.
All future generations could be saved from
developing terrible life -threatening diseases.
34. Limitations of Gene Therapy
Short-lived nature of gene therapy
Immune response
Problems with viral vectors (toxicity, immune and
inflammatory responses)
Multigene disorders
Chance of inducing a tumor ( insertional
mutagenesis)
Only partially effective and must be administered
continuously
35. The First Case
The first gene therapy was performed on
September 14th, 1990
Ashanti DeSilva was treated for SCID
Sever combined immunodeficiency
36. Doctors removed her white blood cells,
inserted the missing gene into the WBC,
and then put them back into her blood
stream.
This strengthened her immune system
Only worked for a few months
37. The first death associated with gene therapy
occurred on September 18, 1999, at the
University of Pennsylvania. Jesse Gelsinger
was participating in a clinical trial.
Gelsinger, who was 18 years old at the time
of the treatment, had a deficiency of
ornithine transcarboamylase, an important
enzyme in the metabolism of ammonia.
38. The gene therapy Gelsinger took triggered a
chain reaction in his immune system, resulting in
hepatic and respiratory failure, and
consequently, his death four days after being
treated.
39. Other Examples of Gene Therapy
Cystic fibrosis
Adenovirus selected (non-integrating respiratory
virus)
Gene therapy trials – 3 Research teams, 10
patients/team
2 teams administered virus via aerosol delivery
into nasal passages and lungs
1 team administered virus via nasal passages only
Successful results obtained
40. Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Defective cholesterol receptors on liver
cells
Fail to filter cholesterol from blood
properly
Cholesterol levels are elevated, increasing
risk of heart attacks and strokes
1993 First attempt
Retroviral vector used to infect liver cells
ex vivo
Infused back into patient
Improvement seen
Has been used in many trials since then
41. Current status
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not
yet approved any human gene therapy product
for sale.
42. Hospitals in India
Medanta (the medicity), Haryana.
Max health care
Fortis health care, Delhi
Apollo hospital, Delhi
Seven Hills hospital, Mumbai
Wellness destination, Sultanpur, Uttar
Pradesh
Sir Ganga ram, New Delhi
43. Abdur Razzaaque Ansari memorial hospital, ARAM,
Jharkhand, Ranchi
Acupuncture India centre, Delhi
Jehangir hospital, Pune
Rajiv Gandhi cancer institute and research centre, Delhi
Royal Medical tour Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai
Tata memorial hospital mumbai
The meditour, Ahemdabad
The Nova medical centre, Delhi.