This document discusses the relationship between caste and politics in India. It notes that caste plays an important role in Indian politics, as political parties prioritize candidates from certain castes when allocating tickets, and caste has become an inseparable part of the political process. The introduction of universal adult suffrage has enhanced caste prominence in politics by making numerically strong castes more conscious of their bargaining power. While caste is no longer the sole basis for politics, politicians still use it as a tool for political mobilization.
This document discusses gender division and discrimination as well as efforts towards equality. It notes that traditionally women had minimal roles in public life and politics, but feminist movements have aimed to increase equality. While literacy and representation of women have increased, discrimination persists in areas like pay and treatment of women. The document also discusses caste division in India and how political parties take caste into account when selecting candidates to appeal to various groups, though voters also consider other factors beyond caste alone.
The document discusses the concept of equality, including equal human rights, equality of income, political equality, and equal opportunity. It notes different types of inequality that can exist in organizations, such as racism, bullying, and favoritism. The document then discusses equality in Islam and highlights equality in mosques, pilgrimages, and fasting. It also discusses equality laws in Pakistan and ways to overcome inequality, such as women's empowerment and giving equal opportunities and rights to all people.
IS SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA A MYTH OR REALITYArushi Rajput
India strives for social justice and equal rights for all citizens as outlined in its constitution, however true social justice remains a myth. While concepts like equal treatment of all citizens without discrimination are ideals, the reality is that the judicial system is slow, biased towards the powerful, and often fails victims. There are far too few judges relative to the population, cases can drag on for decades without resolution, and the powerful can manipulate the system. As a result, despite 69 years of independence, social equality and justice are still not a reality for many groups and true justice is often denied or delayed. Reform of the judicial system is needed to make social justice a reality rather than just words.
Democracy refers to a political system where citizens elect their government representatives. There are several forms of democracy, including representative democracy where citizens vote for officials to represent them, and presidential democracy where citizens directly elect the president. Key aspects of democracy include free elections, government power based on citizen consent, decisions made by majority rule, and rule of law protecting individual rights and freedoms. While some criticize democracy, it generally leads to greater development, political institutions, education, and wealth distribution when implemented effectively.
This document summarizes gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It discusses various disadvantages faced by women in India related to literacy rates, education, jobs, and violence. It also discusses solutions proposed like reservation of seats for women in local bodies. The document examines the relationship between religion and politics in India and instances of communalism. It defines communalism and communal politics. It also discusses secularism in India. The document analyzes the role of caste in politics in India and efforts taken to reduce casteism. It examines how caste can be politicized and the effects of exclusive attention to caste. It also summarizes popular movements in Nepal and Bolivia and the roles of interest groups, pressure
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code criminalizes "unnatural offenses" including homosexual acts. While some argue this section is ambiguous or unconstitutional, others label homosexuality as unnatural based on religious and cultural beliefs. However, major health organizations have removed homosexuality from the list of mental illnesses after empirical studies found it is a normal variation of human sexuality. Although Section 377 is an outdated colonial law from 1861, views in India remain closed to changing ideas around sexuality and gender. The Supreme Court has refused to repeal Section 377, claiming it is up to the legislature, but policies are often made in parliament for political gains rather than justice. For the author, interference in private consensual acts and restricting who one can love is unnatural,
The document defines different types of equality, including positive and negative equality, natural equality, social equality, political equality, economic equality, legal equality, and international equality. It states that positive equality means providing adequate opportunities for all to live good lives, while negative equality means an absence of privileges and no discrimination based on attributes such as religion, caste, color, creed, or sex. All people should have equal rights, opportunities, treatment under the law, political participation, and economic power. Equality also means equal treatment between states at the international level.
This document discusses the relationship between caste and politics in India. It notes that caste plays an important role in Indian politics, as political parties prioritize candidates from certain castes when allocating tickets, and caste has become an inseparable part of the political process. The introduction of universal adult suffrage has enhanced caste prominence in politics by making numerically strong castes more conscious of their bargaining power. While caste is no longer the sole basis for politics, politicians still use it as a tool for political mobilization.
This document discusses gender division and discrimination as well as efforts towards equality. It notes that traditionally women had minimal roles in public life and politics, but feminist movements have aimed to increase equality. While literacy and representation of women have increased, discrimination persists in areas like pay and treatment of women. The document also discusses caste division in India and how political parties take caste into account when selecting candidates to appeal to various groups, though voters also consider other factors beyond caste alone.
The document discusses the concept of equality, including equal human rights, equality of income, political equality, and equal opportunity. It notes different types of inequality that can exist in organizations, such as racism, bullying, and favoritism. The document then discusses equality in Islam and highlights equality in mosques, pilgrimages, and fasting. It also discusses equality laws in Pakistan and ways to overcome inequality, such as women's empowerment and giving equal opportunities and rights to all people.
IS SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA A MYTH OR REALITYArushi Rajput
India strives for social justice and equal rights for all citizens as outlined in its constitution, however true social justice remains a myth. While concepts like equal treatment of all citizens without discrimination are ideals, the reality is that the judicial system is slow, biased towards the powerful, and often fails victims. There are far too few judges relative to the population, cases can drag on for decades without resolution, and the powerful can manipulate the system. As a result, despite 69 years of independence, social equality and justice are still not a reality for many groups and true justice is often denied or delayed. Reform of the judicial system is needed to make social justice a reality rather than just words.
Democracy refers to a political system where citizens elect their government representatives. There are several forms of democracy, including representative democracy where citizens vote for officials to represent them, and presidential democracy where citizens directly elect the president. Key aspects of democracy include free elections, government power based on citizen consent, decisions made by majority rule, and rule of law protecting individual rights and freedoms. While some criticize democracy, it generally leads to greater development, political institutions, education, and wealth distribution when implemented effectively.
This document summarizes gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It discusses various disadvantages faced by women in India related to literacy rates, education, jobs, and violence. It also discusses solutions proposed like reservation of seats for women in local bodies. The document examines the relationship between religion and politics in India and instances of communalism. It defines communalism and communal politics. It also discusses secularism in India. The document analyzes the role of caste in politics in India and efforts taken to reduce casteism. It examines how caste can be politicized and the effects of exclusive attention to caste. It also summarizes popular movements in Nepal and Bolivia and the roles of interest groups, pressure
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code criminalizes "unnatural offenses" including homosexual acts. While some argue this section is ambiguous or unconstitutional, others label homosexuality as unnatural based on religious and cultural beliefs. However, major health organizations have removed homosexuality from the list of mental illnesses after empirical studies found it is a normal variation of human sexuality. Although Section 377 is an outdated colonial law from 1861, views in India remain closed to changing ideas around sexuality and gender. The Supreme Court has refused to repeal Section 377, claiming it is up to the legislature, but policies are often made in parliament for political gains rather than justice. For the author, interference in private consensual acts and restricting who one can love is unnatural,
The document defines different types of equality, including positive and negative equality, natural equality, social equality, political equality, economic equality, legal equality, and international equality. It states that positive equality means providing adequate opportunities for all to live good lives, while negative equality means an absence of privileges and no discrimination based on attributes such as religion, caste, color, creed, or sex. All people should have equal rights, opportunities, treatment under the law, political participation, and economic power. Equality also means equal treatment between states at the international level.
HUM103--Morality, law & violaton of human rights paperSamiya Yesmin
The document discusses morality, law, and violations of human rights. It states that morality involves principles of decency, honesty, and virtue that are innate in humans. Human rights are laws authorized through legal agreements that provide all individuals with justice and equality. However, in Bangladesh the legal system is corrupted and does not ensure people's well-being, which violates human rights and questions humanity. To live in a harmonious society, human rights must be respected and global equality among all individuals must be increased.
The document discusses Pakistan's struggle with democracy since independence. It notes the role of the two-nation theory in the creation of Pakistan and the ideological debate around establishing an Islamic system versus secularism. It analyzes how the military has repeatedly intervened in government due to issues of national security and democracy acting "naughty." It questions why democracy has failed to take root in Pakistan and analyzes power structures like the influence of the armed forces, which are seen as above the law, threatening national security and democracy.
This document discusses the key principles and expectations of democracy. It summarizes that democracy is accountable, responsive, and legitimate. It promotes equality, enhances individual dignity, and improves decision making through participation and the ability to correct mistakes. However, democracies do not always successfully reduce economic inequality or poverty. While democracy is best suited to handle social conflicts, it requires understanding majority rule while also representing minorities. Democracy promotes individual freedom and dignity by establishing respect for all groups. The high expectations people have for democracy also serve as a test of its success.
Modern democracy is facing problems as it has evolved to empower special interest groups over the true will of the majority. Politicians pander to narrow interests to gain support, enacting policies most people would disapprove of. Additionally, governments have become unlimited as legislatures make and enforce laws, rather than separating these functions. This has replaced rule of law with arbitrary rule and increased the role of bureaucracy in controlling society. The solutions proposed are reviving responsible political culture and separating the legislative, governmental, and judicial functions of the state.
Presentation on gender, religion and caste rohanRohanMathur123
This presentation discusses three forms of social divisions in India - gender, religion, and caste - and how they are expressed in politics. It notes that gender division is universally seen as natural and unchangeable, resulting in women's minimal participation in public life and politics in most societies. While religious differences are expressed more in politics, communalism based solely on religious identity threatens democracy. Caste was based on discrimination and exclusion, but is changing with education, though caste still plays a role in electoral politics when parties consider caste composition. The presentation advocates treating all religions equally and avoiding politics focused solely on caste or religious identity.
This document summarizes key topics around gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It discusses how gender roles are traditionally divided, with women expected to do housework and childcare. It also outlines women's movements that advocated for equal rights and representation. The document discusses religious minorities facing discrimination and how communalism can be expressed in politics. It notes that caste still impacts social and economic status in India despite changes. Caste is also linked to political mobilization, with some parties seen as representatives of certain castes.
The steady-drumbeat-of-institutional-casteism-recognize-respond-redress final...sabrangsabrang
This document provides an introduction to a report examining caste-based discrimination in medical institutions in India following the death by suicide of Dr. Payal Tadvi. It was initiated by four organizations - Forum Against Oppression of Women, Forum for Medical Ethics Society, Medico Friends Circle, and People's Union for Civil Liberties, Maharashtra. The introduction outlines the objectives of exploring casteism in higher education and medical institutions through Tadvi's case. It also provides an overview of the structure of the full report which will examine historical and current contexts, discrimination experiences, and failures of redressal mechanisms with recommendations.
This document discusses democracy and education in India. It defines democracy as "power of the people" and notes that education is essential for a democracy to succeed. It outlines how education develops qualities like understanding rights and duties, brotherhood, and evaluating political policies that are important for democracy. The document also discusses how India's government is working to provide free and compulsory education up to age 14 through various plans, expand universities, and eradicate illiteracy to support democracy. Curriculum and teaching methods in a democratic system aim to develop citizenship, vocational skills, personality, and leadership through principles like relating to people's needs, diversification, and being child-centered.
This document discusses the concept of equality from several perspectives - religion, Pakistan's constitution, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In Islam, the document explains that all humans are equal in the sight of God and will be judged based on their actions, not attributes like race, gender, or social status. The Prophet Muhammad's last sermon emphasized equality and prohibiting discrimination.
Pakistan's constitution has provisions for equality under law and non-discrimination based on gender. It also guarantees equal rights to education and equality of opportunity in government services.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights promotes equality and non-discrimination for all people regardless of attributes. It establishes equal rights before the law and freedom from
democracy vs dictatorship / types of government kabul university
This document provides information on democracy and dictatorship. It defines democracy as a form of government where rulers are elected by the people. Key features of democracy include free and fair elections, equality of votes, and protection of citizens' rights. Dictatorships are defined as rule by one person or small group, with total control over the government. The document also discusses the merits of democracy like accountability and methods like direct democracy versus representative democracy.
The document is a letter from the Christian Federation of Malaysia (CFM) encouraging Christians to exercise their right to vote wisely in the upcoming 13th General Election. It outlines the biblical basis for Christians having a duty to protect the earth and participate responsibly in the democratic process. The CFM does not endorse any political party but suggests priorities for a better Malaysia, including respect for human dignity, rejection of extremism, reduced corruption, equitable distribution of wealth, and religious freedom. Christians are urged to pray for leaders who will govern in the interest of the nation and its people.
Democratic Politics Chapter 4 Grade 10 CBSE [ Gender, Religion and Caste ]ssh09
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
A PERENNIAL DEBATE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND EXTENT OF GOVERNANCEBiswajit Das
The problem faced by the society can only be addressed by the society itself. The members are part of it. It is the collective duty and responsibility of the society to address its problems but it is only those members, who are informed, conscious, empowered and vigilant, who have to shoulder its collective responsibility to address its ills by making the other part of the society aware and informed by constructively and effectively engaging them in the progression of the society.
1) Individuals have abilities to act according to their wishes in various types of freedoms like natural, civil, political, and economic, but this does not mean an absence of all restraints or a license to do anything.
2) A civil society provides equal opportunities for all individuals to make the most of their lives and talents.
3) Social justice involves an absence of special privileges, equal opportunities for development, and equal satisfaction of basic needs for all in a society.
Democracy promotes several positive outcomes when compared to other forms of government. It (1) promotes equality, enhances individual dignity, and improves decision making; (2) is accountable and responsive as it takes time to deliberate and follow procedures, making decisions more acceptable; and (3) can accommodate social diversity through procedures that reduce tensions and enable negotiation of differences. While democracies do not guarantee economic growth or equality, they perform as well as or better than dictatorships economically and are better suited than other systems to respect citizens' freedoms and dignity over time.
Caste or Reservation: Who is damaging the society? An Analytical study of Cas...Pallavi Devi
The document discusses caste-based reservation in India. It analyzes the rationale for reservation, including addressing the structural problems of India's hierarchal, caste-stratified society and resulting cumulative inequality. It examines the Mandal Commission's approach and judicial interpretations of reservation criteria. While reservation aims to promote social justice and equalize capabilities, some argue it can lead to reverse discrimination or that caste itself should be removed before reservation. The conclusion is that caste, not reservation, is truly damaging to society, and universal education could help create a more level playing field.
The document discusses quotaism and reservation systems in India. It provides background on reservation policies based on caste, religion, gender, and economic status. It outlines the constitutional basis for reservations in Articles 14, 15, 16, and 46. Both benefits and criticisms of the reservation system are mentioned, including that it helps socially backward groups but can also divide people and lower standards. The document concludes by suggesting reservations be provided through monetary support rather than quotas to not compromise on merit.
PPT on compassionate and inclusive constitution the reality in contemporary i...Muhammedukkasha
Finding the inclusive and compassionate provisions included in the constitution of India, this presentation describes briefly the contemporary challenges faced by the constitution of India. It also discusses with regard to special compassionate provisions provided by the constitution.
Further, it includes the meaning and concept of compassion and inclusiveness. Moreover, it suggests measures be taken to circumvent those challenges against the constitution of India.
This document discusses minority rights issues in Bangladesh. It notes that while Bangladesh's constitution incorporates democratic values like equality and human rights, these are not always upheld in practice. Minority religious and ethnic groups face issues like land grabbing, repression, lack of legal protections, and increasing rates of religious conversion. Over 150 incidents of repression against minorities were reported in six months. While the government and NGOs work to improve the situation, permanent solutions remain elusive, and many minorities feel compelled to leave their religion or country to escape persecution.
The document discusses how Indian political leaders have failed to uphold the ideals of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of India's constitution. While paying lip service to Ambedkar and his fight against caste hierarchy, most leaders have done little to dismantle casteism. Indian democracy has also failed to ensure multifaceted development and equal opportunities for all citizens, as Ambedkar envisioned. Poverty, illiteracy and threats to security continue to plague the lives of many. The emergence of communal, casteist and corrupt forces in politics has undermined Ambedkar's vision for an egalitarian India.
HUM103--Morality, law & violaton of human rights paperSamiya Yesmin
The document discusses morality, law, and violations of human rights. It states that morality involves principles of decency, honesty, and virtue that are innate in humans. Human rights are laws authorized through legal agreements that provide all individuals with justice and equality. However, in Bangladesh the legal system is corrupted and does not ensure people's well-being, which violates human rights and questions humanity. To live in a harmonious society, human rights must be respected and global equality among all individuals must be increased.
The document discusses Pakistan's struggle with democracy since independence. It notes the role of the two-nation theory in the creation of Pakistan and the ideological debate around establishing an Islamic system versus secularism. It analyzes how the military has repeatedly intervened in government due to issues of national security and democracy acting "naughty." It questions why democracy has failed to take root in Pakistan and analyzes power structures like the influence of the armed forces, which are seen as above the law, threatening national security and democracy.
This document discusses the key principles and expectations of democracy. It summarizes that democracy is accountable, responsive, and legitimate. It promotes equality, enhances individual dignity, and improves decision making through participation and the ability to correct mistakes. However, democracies do not always successfully reduce economic inequality or poverty. While democracy is best suited to handle social conflicts, it requires understanding majority rule while also representing minorities. Democracy promotes individual freedom and dignity by establishing respect for all groups. The high expectations people have for democracy also serve as a test of its success.
Modern democracy is facing problems as it has evolved to empower special interest groups over the true will of the majority. Politicians pander to narrow interests to gain support, enacting policies most people would disapprove of. Additionally, governments have become unlimited as legislatures make and enforce laws, rather than separating these functions. This has replaced rule of law with arbitrary rule and increased the role of bureaucracy in controlling society. The solutions proposed are reviving responsible political culture and separating the legislative, governmental, and judicial functions of the state.
Presentation on gender, religion and caste rohanRohanMathur123
This presentation discusses three forms of social divisions in India - gender, religion, and caste - and how they are expressed in politics. It notes that gender division is universally seen as natural and unchangeable, resulting in women's minimal participation in public life and politics in most societies. While religious differences are expressed more in politics, communalism based solely on religious identity threatens democracy. Caste was based on discrimination and exclusion, but is changing with education, though caste still plays a role in electoral politics when parties consider caste composition. The presentation advocates treating all religions equally and avoiding politics focused solely on caste or religious identity.
This document summarizes key topics around gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It discusses how gender roles are traditionally divided, with women expected to do housework and childcare. It also outlines women's movements that advocated for equal rights and representation. The document discusses religious minorities facing discrimination and how communalism can be expressed in politics. It notes that caste still impacts social and economic status in India despite changes. Caste is also linked to political mobilization, with some parties seen as representatives of certain castes.
The steady-drumbeat-of-institutional-casteism-recognize-respond-redress final...sabrangsabrang
This document provides an introduction to a report examining caste-based discrimination in medical institutions in India following the death by suicide of Dr. Payal Tadvi. It was initiated by four organizations - Forum Against Oppression of Women, Forum for Medical Ethics Society, Medico Friends Circle, and People's Union for Civil Liberties, Maharashtra. The introduction outlines the objectives of exploring casteism in higher education and medical institutions through Tadvi's case. It also provides an overview of the structure of the full report which will examine historical and current contexts, discrimination experiences, and failures of redressal mechanisms with recommendations.
This document discusses democracy and education in India. It defines democracy as "power of the people" and notes that education is essential for a democracy to succeed. It outlines how education develops qualities like understanding rights and duties, brotherhood, and evaluating political policies that are important for democracy. The document also discusses how India's government is working to provide free and compulsory education up to age 14 through various plans, expand universities, and eradicate illiteracy to support democracy. Curriculum and teaching methods in a democratic system aim to develop citizenship, vocational skills, personality, and leadership through principles like relating to people's needs, diversification, and being child-centered.
This document discusses the concept of equality from several perspectives - religion, Pakistan's constitution, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In Islam, the document explains that all humans are equal in the sight of God and will be judged based on their actions, not attributes like race, gender, or social status. The Prophet Muhammad's last sermon emphasized equality and prohibiting discrimination.
Pakistan's constitution has provisions for equality under law and non-discrimination based on gender. It also guarantees equal rights to education and equality of opportunity in government services.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights promotes equality and non-discrimination for all people regardless of attributes. It establishes equal rights before the law and freedom from
democracy vs dictatorship / types of government kabul university
This document provides information on democracy and dictatorship. It defines democracy as a form of government where rulers are elected by the people. Key features of democracy include free and fair elections, equality of votes, and protection of citizens' rights. Dictatorships are defined as rule by one person or small group, with total control over the government. The document also discusses the merits of democracy like accountability and methods like direct democracy versus representative democracy.
The document is a letter from the Christian Federation of Malaysia (CFM) encouraging Christians to exercise their right to vote wisely in the upcoming 13th General Election. It outlines the biblical basis for Christians having a duty to protect the earth and participate responsibly in the democratic process. The CFM does not endorse any political party but suggests priorities for a better Malaysia, including respect for human dignity, rejection of extremism, reduced corruption, equitable distribution of wealth, and religious freedom. Christians are urged to pray for leaders who will govern in the interest of the nation and its people.
Democratic Politics Chapter 4 Grade 10 CBSE [ Gender, Religion and Caste ]ssh09
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
A PERENNIAL DEBATE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND EXTENT OF GOVERNANCEBiswajit Das
The problem faced by the society can only be addressed by the society itself. The members are part of it. It is the collective duty and responsibility of the society to address its problems but it is only those members, who are informed, conscious, empowered and vigilant, who have to shoulder its collective responsibility to address its ills by making the other part of the society aware and informed by constructively and effectively engaging them in the progression of the society.
1) Individuals have abilities to act according to their wishes in various types of freedoms like natural, civil, political, and economic, but this does not mean an absence of all restraints or a license to do anything.
2) A civil society provides equal opportunities for all individuals to make the most of their lives and talents.
3) Social justice involves an absence of special privileges, equal opportunities for development, and equal satisfaction of basic needs for all in a society.
Democracy promotes several positive outcomes when compared to other forms of government. It (1) promotes equality, enhances individual dignity, and improves decision making; (2) is accountable and responsive as it takes time to deliberate and follow procedures, making decisions more acceptable; and (3) can accommodate social diversity through procedures that reduce tensions and enable negotiation of differences. While democracies do not guarantee economic growth or equality, they perform as well as or better than dictatorships economically and are better suited than other systems to respect citizens' freedoms and dignity over time.
Caste or Reservation: Who is damaging the society? An Analytical study of Cas...Pallavi Devi
The document discusses caste-based reservation in India. It analyzes the rationale for reservation, including addressing the structural problems of India's hierarchal, caste-stratified society and resulting cumulative inequality. It examines the Mandal Commission's approach and judicial interpretations of reservation criteria. While reservation aims to promote social justice and equalize capabilities, some argue it can lead to reverse discrimination or that caste itself should be removed before reservation. The conclusion is that caste, not reservation, is truly damaging to society, and universal education could help create a more level playing field.
The document discusses quotaism and reservation systems in India. It provides background on reservation policies based on caste, religion, gender, and economic status. It outlines the constitutional basis for reservations in Articles 14, 15, 16, and 46. Both benefits and criticisms of the reservation system are mentioned, including that it helps socially backward groups but can also divide people and lower standards. The document concludes by suggesting reservations be provided through monetary support rather than quotas to not compromise on merit.
PPT on compassionate and inclusive constitution the reality in contemporary i...Muhammedukkasha
Finding the inclusive and compassionate provisions included in the constitution of India, this presentation describes briefly the contemporary challenges faced by the constitution of India. It also discusses with regard to special compassionate provisions provided by the constitution.
Further, it includes the meaning and concept of compassion and inclusiveness. Moreover, it suggests measures be taken to circumvent those challenges against the constitution of India.
This document discusses minority rights issues in Bangladesh. It notes that while Bangladesh's constitution incorporates democratic values like equality and human rights, these are not always upheld in practice. Minority religious and ethnic groups face issues like land grabbing, repression, lack of legal protections, and increasing rates of religious conversion. Over 150 incidents of repression against minorities were reported in six months. While the government and NGOs work to improve the situation, permanent solutions remain elusive, and many minorities feel compelled to leave their religion or country to escape persecution.
The document discusses how Indian political leaders have failed to uphold the ideals of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of India's constitution. While paying lip service to Ambedkar and his fight against caste hierarchy, most leaders have done little to dismantle casteism. Indian democracy has also failed to ensure multifaceted development and equal opportunities for all citizens, as Ambedkar envisioned. Poverty, illiteracy and threats to security continue to plague the lives of many. The emergence of communal, casteist and corrupt forces in politics has undermined Ambedkar's vision for an egalitarian India.
This document discusses the politics of reservation in India. It begins with an introduction to the reservation system and its origins in the caste system. It then provides details on the history of reservation in India including the recommendations of the Mandal Commission which increased quotas for Other Backward Classes. The document outlines the various beneficiary groups that receive reservations including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, women and religious minorities. It also discusses what the Indian constitution says about reservation and some of the debates around its implementation.
1. The document discusses Dr. Ambedkar's views on caste discrimination in India and his advocacy of Buddhism as an alternative to the Hindu religion. It notes that he saw Buddhism as a means to establish democracy and promote the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
2. It provides statistics on the population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India, who make up over 25% of the population. It also lists some of the manifestations of caste discrimination in India.
3. The document discusses how Dr. Ambedkar advocated for legal, political, social, and economic mechanisms to fight caste discrimination, including affirmative action and reservation policies as well as promoting secularization and dem
The document discusses social diversity in India based on gender, religion, and caste. It explains that while social differences exist in all societies, they can become problematic when they are used to justify political or social domination of one group over others or deny equal rights and opportunities. The document examines issues related to gender inequality in Indian society such as disparities in education, jobs, wages, and safety for women. It also discusses problems that have arisen from religious and caste divisions such as communalism and the oppression of lower castes in the past. However, it notes that political expression of social identities is acceptable in a democracy and has also helped disadvantaged groups gain better representation and rights.
1050 words essay on secularism and national integrationgangadhara
Secularism is a core principle of India's constitution that guarantees equal treatment of all religions. However, India's personal laws vary by religion in areas like marriage and inheritance. This has led to issues of unequal rights. Supporters argue it respects cultural differences, while opponents say it violates equal human rights principles. Secularism in India differs from Western secularism, which separates religion and state completely and ensures equal laws for all citizens regardless of religion.
This document summarizes the growing regionalism in India since independence. It identifies several key causes for the rise in regional sentiments, including uneven development leading to feelings of neglect, self-interested political leaders exploiting regional divisions, and the failure of national parties. It discusses how regionalism has manifested in demands for new states and growing chauvinism. While regionalism can increase local representation, it also threatens national unity if left unchecked. The document analyzes the emergence of regional parties advocating for separate identities in states like Tamil Nadu and the challenges they pose to India's sovereignty and integrity.
1) The document discusses three forms of social differences in India - gender, religion, and caste - and how they relate to politics.
2) Gender discrimination disadvantages women through lower literacy and education rates as well as preference for sons over daughters.
3) Communalism prioritizes one's own religious community over others and politics, leading to demands for dominance or separate political units.
4) Caste divisions were based on hereditary occupations but political and social reforms have helped reduce discrimination, though imbalances remain.
The document discusses concepts of equality and equity. It defines equality as treating all people the same and equity as treating all people fairly based on their individual needs and circumstances. The document outlines key constitutional provisions in India that aim to promote equality, including provisions banning discrimination based on caste, religion, sex etc. It also discusses the role of education in promoting national integration in India given its diversity. Finally, it summarizes the key aspects of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act which gave constitutional status to local self-government through Panchayati Raj institutions across India.
Rulers class to meet their own personal interestmdafsarali
The document summarizes how India's ruling class has failed to meet the expectations of the people after independence in several key areas:
1. Politically, democracy has lost its soul of representation, with weaker communities and women making up a small minority in legislature.
2. Economically, GDP growth has declined sharply while inflation and wealth disparity have increased drastically.
3. In foreign policy, relations with neighbors have become strained by abruptly shifting policies designed to win elections rather than benefit the people.
4. Public assets are being increasingly privatized while corruption and bank fraud have risen tremendously.
Indian Economy and Food Price Volatility by Prof. Vibhuti Patel Janata januar...VIBHUTI PATEL
This document summarizes the significance of secularism as a pillar of the Indian constitution. It discusses how the preamble mandates India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It outlines how the supreme court has upheld secularism and equality of all religions. It also discusses how inclusive development that treats minorities as equal stakeholders is the only path to prosperity in India, as outlined by international organizations like the UN.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel on "Indian Economy and Food Price Volatility",Janata, Jan...VIBHUTI PATEL
Though India adopted a policy of economic
liberalisation in 1991, the agrarian sector was liberalised
in 2004 when more that 400 agrarian commodities were
exposed to global competition. Food price volatility
became perennial problem after that.
“Price fluctuations are a common feature of wellfunctioning
agricultural product markets. But when
these become large and unexpected—volatile—they
can have a negative impact on the food security of
consumers, farmers and entire countries. Since 2007,
world markets have seen a series of dramatic swings
in commodity prices. Food prices reached their
highest levels for 30 years during the summer of 2008,
collapsing the following winter, before rapidly rising
again in the months that followed. Food prices today
remain high, and are expected to remain volatile.”1
This acceptance by the Food and Agricultural
Organisation of the United Nations speaks volumes
The document discusses whether reservation systems in India are necessary. It argues that reservations are needed to help disadvantaged communities that have faced long histories of discrimination and lack of access to opportunities in education, jobs, and elected offices. The caste system has perpetuated inequalities over generations, and reservations aim to remedy this by giving disadvantaged groups a fair chance to compete. While reservations are not a perfect solution, alternatives like having no reservations or basing them only on economic status would likely not benefit those communities most in need. Overall, the document makes the case that as long as discrimination and disparities exist in society, some form of reservation is necessary to promote equality of opportunity.
The document discusses the national values enshrined in the Indian Constitution, including democracy, socialism, secularism, equality, fraternity, justice, and liberty. These values form the basis for how the country is governed and society functions, with a focus on democratic rule, social and economic equality, separation of religion and state, and fundamental rights and freedoms for all citizens. The values outlined in the Constitution aim to establish a just, progressive and inclusive society in India.
The document lists various chemical and physical properties of elements including:
- Electronegativity ranges from lowest in cesium to highest in fluorine.
- Ionization potential ranges from lowest in cesium to highest in helium.
- Electron affinity ranges from lowest in noble gases to highest in chlorine.
- Melting/boiling points of metals range from lowest in mercury to highest in tungsten.
- Melting/boiling points of non-metals range from lowest in helium to highest in diamond.
This document provides information on the physical properties of various gases. It describes 15 common gases including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, ozone, ammonia, chlorine and others. For each gas, it lists properties such as color, odor, solubility, density relative to air, and whether they are flammable, toxic or can be liquefied. It also briefly mentions some warfare gases and fuel gases including water gas and producer gas.
This document discusses communicable diseases and provides examples. It defines communicable diseases as infectious diseases that can pass from one person to another through pathogens. The document lists several major types of pathogens that cause communicable diseases including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Examples of common diseases caused by each type of pathogen are given such as cholera, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Finally, the document outlines some key ways to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, including washing hands, vaccinations, isolating those infected, and maintaining proper sanitation.
The document lists the names of various industrial processes used to manufacture different chemicals and materials. Some of the processes listed include the Haber process for manufacturing ammonia, the Contact process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, Bayer's process for manufacturing aluminum, and the Solvay process for manufacturing sodium hydroxide. The document appears to be a partial listing of common chemical manufacturing processes.
This document lists common alloy compositions, providing the primary chemical components of alloys such as aluminium bronze (Cu + Al), brass (Cu + Zn), bronze/bell metal (Cu + Sn), coin alloys (Cu + Zn + Sn or Cu + Ag + Zn + Ni), duralumin (Al + Cu + Mg + Mn), and others including electron, german silver, gun metal, muntz metal, magnallium, pewter, solder, type metal, wood metal, and Y-alloy.
The document summarizes key aspects of India's National Education Policy 2020. It outlines plans to increase public investment in education to 6% of GDP. The policy aims to transform India's education system by making school and higher education more holistic, flexible, multidisciplinary, and suited to 21st century needs. It proposes reorganizing higher education institutions into research, teaching, and autonomous degree-granting types and establishing new multidisciplinary institutions.
The National Education Policy 2020 aims to transform India's education system with a new structure and reforms. Key aspects include:
1) A revised school structure of 5+3+3+4 years with multidisciplinary study and vocational education integrated at all levels.
2) Increased public investment in education to reach 6% of GDP, universalization of education from pre-school to secondary level by 2030.
3) Emphasis on learning in the student's home language in early years, introduction of a three-language formula, and opportunities to learn foreign languages.
4) Holistic, flexible assessments that test core competencies and allow multiple attempts at board exams. A new national assessment body will
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat to make the earth surface warmer leading to global warming.
Global warming is caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels for transportation, electricity, manufacturing, and other industrial processes are major contributors. Deforestation, livestock farming, and other agricultural practices also release greenhouse gases. If changes are not made to reduce emissions over the next decade, the planet will face irreversible environmental catastrophe and societal impacts.
Smog is a form of air pollution that occurs when emissions from burning fossil fuels like coal and oil react with sunlight and moisture. There are two main types of smog: industrial smog, caused by burning coal leading to dark brown air and sulfuric acid; and photochemical smog, caused by sunlight reacting with vehicle emissions in cities to form eye-irritating pollutants. Smog reduces visibility and causes breathing problems for people.
Acid rain or Acid deposition penetrates deeply into the sensitive fabric of ecosystem, thereby changing the chemistry of air, water, and soil and has huge impact
The document provides an overview of the Indian healthcare system, including key trends, growth drivers, and challenges. It notes that the size of the Indian healthcare industry is $35 billion and growing at 17% annually, faster than any other country. The industry employs over 4% of the population and includes 229 medical colleges, 600,000 doctors, and over 800,000 hospital beds. However, healthcare infrastructure and access remains inadequate, with 80% of healthcare spending being out-of-pocket. The government is taking steps to improve access through initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission and increasing healthcare spending.
Prof. Prashant Mehta's document discusses healthcare waste management in India. It begins by classifying different types of waste, including municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and bio-medical waste. It then provides details on India's regulatory framework for healthcare waste management. The Bio-Medical Waste Management and Handling Rules establish standards for segregating, transporting, treating, and disposing of different categories of bio-medical waste to prevent health and environmental risks. However, problems still exist in India with incomplete treatment and illegal dumping of untreated healthcare waste. Proper management of healthcare waste is important for public health.
Healthcare Waste and Judicial Intervention by Indian CourtsPrashant Mehta
This document provides an overview of the Indian healthcare system and environmental law in India based on constitutional provisions and landmark court judgments. Some key points:
- The Indian constitution recognizes the right to health under Article 21 and various directive principles. Judicial decisions have expanded this right.
- Laws incorporate principles like "polluter pays" and "precautionary principle" to assign liability and ensure precaution in activities that may harm the environment.
- Landmark judgments have established principles of absolute liability for hazardous activities, expanded notions of environment as a public trust, and emphasized sustainable development balancing economic and environmental concerns.
The document discusses the Indian healthcare system and its key challenges. It notes that the system faces substantial challenges in providing quality healthcare due to factors such as a fast growing population, changing disease profiles, a multilayered healthcare landscape, lack of infrastructure, shortage of manpower, low public expenditure on health, and inaccessibility of services - especially in rural areas. It also examines the disease burden in India and initiatives by the government to improve the system. However, it concludes that India still lags in key healthcare indicators and there is need for improved healthcare planning, resources, and financing to address the country's growing healthcare challenges.
The document discusses India's internal security challenges and how advances in forensic science can help address them. It outlines issues such as tensions with Pakistan, communal and secessionist movements, and the rise of left-wing extremism. It then describes how various forensic science techniques, including digital forensics, explosives analysis, drug identification, firearms analysis, DNA testing, fingerprint analysis and biometrics can provide evidence to investigate these security threats and link criminal cases. The use of forensic science is presented as a valuable tool to help law enforcement address India's complex internal security environment.
The document discusses air pollution and its causes. It notes that while oxygen and nitrogen make up most of the atmosphere, trace gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone also play important roles. It describes various natural and human-caused sources of air pollution including industry, transportation, and the burning of fossil fuels. The document outlines primary and secondary pollutants as well as different types of particulate matter. It also discusses the chemistry of pollutants in the atmosphere and their interactions with sunlight and water.
The document discusses Earth's atmosphere and its composition compared to Venus and Mars. It then describes the four main layers of Earth's atmosphere - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere - and their varying temperature and chemical properties. Finally, it summarizes key aspects of the atmospheric energy balance, including incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation, and how this maintains Earth's surface temperature.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
1. Divided We Stand @ 62: An Insight
Dr. Prashant Mehta
Assistant Professor, National Law University, Jodhpur
Email: prashantmehta1@rediffmail.com
If we scan through the past history of India we will find that from Kings and their
Kingdoms, Invaders, Occupiers, ruling British, and our own democratically elected
governments in free India have progressed by single ideology of dividing the social
fabric of our society by segregating Indians on the basis of majority, minority,
religion, caste, schedule caste, schedule tribe, OBC, and very recently on the basis of
regional interests like telengana or demand for other smaller states. Thus the very
framework of democracy which united the country under one constitution years ago
has failed to provide a strong ideology or pragmatic view point on issues of
regionalism. Instead we are fast degenerating into a country where anything can be
done at anytime anywhere by anyone as far as its suits its political ambitions and adds
numbers to its vote bank. Thus the probable question before each one of us today is
United INDIA or UNITED STATES OF INDIA?
If the present state of affairs continue with growing menace of regional parties and
the subsequent breed of Indian politicians who propagate hatred the degenerative
policy of ‘divide and win elections’ the day is not far when questions asked above
would become a reality. It goes to the negative mindset and ideology of Indian
politicians, political parties, and political system during last 62 years that none of
them have ever taken an initiative to present bill on the floor of the parliament which
will treat all Indians as equals. At the same time political parties are eager and ready
to take credit for the preambles to divide Indians on the basis of region (issue of
telengana or division of Uttar Pradesh), religion, and even castes (like recent Gujjar
agitation in Rajasthan).
Not only this, the very concepts of minorities and secularism adopted from western
democratic systems are creating havoc on the social fabric of the society and Indian
as single nation is challenged as never before. The largest democracy in the world
growing at rate of 08% GDP is at crossroads because of such divisive interdependent
opportunist political framework like UPA or NDA. The political parties and breed of
secular politicians in India love to talk about ideology with each political party having
its own ideology. But political parties today have became more opportunist, have
even dumped there ideology, and made compulsive compromise in era of multiparty
rule which in today scenario is only limited in most of the cases is to win elections and
stay in power. The present breed of politicians who would go any length to win the
elections be it MNS in Maharashtra, Trinumool Congress in West Bengal, BSP and SP in
UP or DMK in Tamil Nadu and so on.
2. Once elected, these so called ‘secular’ politicians of forget the plight of common man
and vie with one another to get maximum benefit for their religion, family, caste, and
region.
Supreme Court, during upholding of OBC reservation in higher educational institutes
has lamented that caste had divided this country for ages. Justice R.V. Raveendran
reasoning in the main judgment, said: “Caste has divided this country for ages. It has
hampered its growth. To have a casteless society will be realisation of a noble dream.
To start with, the effect of reservation may appear to perpetuate caste. The
immediate effect of caste-based reservation has been rather unfortunate.”
“In the pre-reservation era people wanted to get rid of the backward tag either social
or economical. But post reservation, there is a tendency even among those who are
considered ‘forward,’ to seek the ‘backward’ tag, in the hope of enjoying the
benefits of reservation. When more and more people aspire for ‘backwardness’
instead of ‘forwardness’ the country itself stagnates.
“Reservation as an affirmative action is required only for a limited period to bring
forward the socially and educationally backward classes by giving them a gentle
supportive push. But if there is no review after a reasonable period and if reservation
is continued, the country will become a caste divided society permanently. Instead of
developing a united society with diversity, we will end up as a fractured society for
ever suspicious of each other. While affirmative discrimination is a road to equality,
care should be taken that the road does not become a rut in which the vehicle of
progress gets entrenched and stuck.”
The current politics of divide in India can be overcome only by high degree of
electoral reforms by which the populist politics of divide can be eradicated once for
all from our country. There are certain basic facts about successful nationhood that
many ‘learned’ Indians do not want to accept. One of them is the pride factor about
our own past. In psychology we have established that no human being or nation
without self-respect can become a successful one. Unless and until all Indians,
irrespective of their present status, feel proud about the positive elements of our
5000 or more years old history, India cannot regain its rightful leadership among world
nations and within the country.
A new ideology and a new political party, which will be the torchbearer of the new
ideology, is the need of the hour. As the new ideology and party take shape, we can
either curse our luck for living in this hour of crisis of ideology or we can work for
heralding the new sunrise.