which increase the excretion of urine by kidney. They leads to the secretion of excess water and salt that accumulate in tissues and urine, results in decrease in the body fluids.

1. chemistryguru10@gmail.com
Surendra Kumar
Assistant Professor
KNIMT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultanpur
DIURETICS & CARBONIC
ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

2.  A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased
production of urine.
 This includes forced diuresis. There are several categories of diuretics. All
diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class
does so in a distinct way.
 Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone),
is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of water in urine.
INTRODUCTION

3. CLASSIFICATION OF DIURETICS

4. MECHANISMS OF DIURETIC DRUGS

5. SIDE EFFECTS OF DIURECTICES
Dizziness.
Headaches.
Dehydration.
Muscle cramps.
Joint disorders (gout)
Impotence.
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress
the activity of carbonic anhydrase.
Their clinical use has been established as anti-glaucoma agents, diuretics,
antiepileptics, in the management of mountain sickness, gastric and duodenal
ulcers, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, neurological disorders, or
osteoporosis.

7. ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX)
IUPAC Name: N-(5-sulfamoyl-
1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. That means this drug works
to cause an accumulation of carbonic acid by preventing its breakdown. The
result is lower blood pH, given the increased carbonic acid, which has a
reversible reaction into bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion.

10. USES
 Acetazolamide is used in people with certain types of glaucoma to reduce
the amount of fluid in the eye, which decreases pressure inside the eye.
 Acetazolamide is also used as a diuretic ("water pill") in people with
congestive heart failure, to reduce the build-up of fluid in the body. This
build-up is called edema.
 Acetazolamide is also used to treat certain types of seizures, and to treat or
prevent altitude sickness.
 Acetazolamide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication
guide.

11. METHAZOLAMIDE
IUPAC Name: N-(3-methyl-5-
sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-
ylidene)acetamide
MECHANISM OF ACTION
 Methazolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase.
 Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye
decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of
bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport.

12. USES
 Methazolamide is used to treat glaucoma (a condition in which increased
pressure in the eye can lead to gradual loss of vision).
 It is used as a diuretic.
 It is also used antineoplastic activity.

13. DICHLORPHENAMIDE
IUPAC Name: 4, 5-dichlorobenzene-1,3-
disulfonamide
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Dichlorphenamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. However, the precise
mechanism by which dichlorphenamide exerts its therapeutic effects in
patients with periodic paralysis is unknown.

14. USES
 Dichlorphenamide is used to treat occasional paralysis (loss of
movement) caused by high or low levels of potassium in your blood.
 It is used in the treatment of glaucoma.

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