B.A.I SEM -II CLIMATOLOGY Gondwana University, Gadchiroli

1. Gondwana University, Gadchiroli
Mahatma Gandhi Arts, Science And Late N.P. Commerce College,
Armori Dist. Gadchiroli
department of geography
b.a.i sem – ii
SUBJECT- climatology
• UNIT –II
• Topic -
Distribution of Temperature
(gosP;k rkiekukps forj.k)
Presented By
Dr. Vijay P. Gorde
Assistant Professor of Geography
M.A. B.Ed., NET, Ph.D.

2. • gosP;k rkiekukps forj.k %&
gok fLFkj ukgh R;ke/;s lrr gkypky gksr vlrs- gose/;s ok&;kps m/oZ o
v/kksxkeh vfHklj.k izokg fuekZ.k gksrkr- ,dk fBdkuph rkiysyh gok nqljhdMs okgwu usyh
tkrs- gosP;k rkiekukoj fofo/k ?kVdkapk ifj.kke gksr vlrks- R;keqGs gosP;k rkiekukps
forj.k fofo/krkiw.kZ vlrs- gosP;k rkiekukps forj.k [kkyhy izdkjkr Li’V dsys tkrs-
1- rkiekukps nSfud o okf’kZd forj.k
2- rkiekukps HkkSxksfyd forj.k &v½ rkiekukps mH;k fn”ksrhy forj.k-
c½ rkiekukP;k vkMO;k fn”ksrhy forj.k
1- rkiekukps nSfud o okf’kZd forj.k %&
efg.;kps +_rwps] fdaok dks.kR;kgh fn?kZ eqnrhps ljkljh rkieku gs ljkljh
nSfud rkiekukoj vk/kkjysys vlY;kus ljkljh nSfud rkieku Qkj egRRokps vlrs- dkgh
ns”kkr fnolkrhy osxosxG;k fuf”pr osGkr rkiekukph ljkljh dk<wu ljkljh nSfud
rkieku dk<rkr- la;qDr laLFkkukr (USA) fnolkps fdeku o deky rkieku ;kP;k
ljkljho:u nSfud ljkljh dk<rkr-

3. • fnolkP;k 24 rklkP;k rkiekukpk vH;kl dsY;kl R;kP;kr fuf”pr vlk dze
vk<Grks- rlsp R;ko:u Hkwi`’Bkyk feG.kkjh lkSj”kDrh o Hkwi`’Bkiklwu m’.krsps
gks.kkjs mRltZu ;krhy larqyu y{kkr ;srs- nSfud rkiekukP;k ;k fuf”pr dzekyk
nSfud rkiekukps pdz vls Eg.krkr- ldkGh lq;kZn;kiklwu 2 fdaok 4 oktsi;Zr
Hkwi`’Bkiklwu gks.kk&;k mRltZukis{kk lkSj”kDrh tkLr feGr vlY;kus rkieku ok<r
vlrs- ijarq nqikjh 3 oktsiklqu iq<s Hkwi`’Bkiklwu gks.kkjs mRltZu tkLr vlrs- -
lkSj”kDrhpk vH;kl dsY;kl tkLrhr tkLr lkSj”kDrh gh e/;kUg;kP;k osGl
feGr vlY;kps vk<Grs-
• laiw.kZ o’kkZP;k rkiekukpk vH;kl dsY;kl R;krgh ojhy izek.ks
rkiekukpk ,d fuf”pr vlk dze vk<Grks- ;kyk rkiekukps okf’kZd pdz vls
Eg.krkr- fgokG;kP;k e/;kiklwu mUgkG;kP;k e/;ki;Zar izR;sd fno”kh lkSj”kDrhps
izek.k ok<r tkrs- rj mUgkG;kP;k e/;kiklqu fgokG;kP;k e/;ki;Zr rs deh&deh
gksr tkrs-

4. • 2- rkiekukps HkkSxksfyd forj.k %&
• v½ rkiekukps mH;k fn”ksrhy forj.k (Vertical distribution of temperature)%&
• okrkoj.kkrhy rkiekukP;k fujfujkG;k fujh{k.kko:u vls vk<Gwu vkys
dh Hkwi`’Bkiklwu tltls] map tkos rlrls gosps rkieku deh&deh gksr- tkrs- “kkL=KkaP;k
vuqekukuqlkj 160 ehVj maphyk 10ls-xs- fdaok 360 QqVkyk 10F ¼QWkjugkbZV½ ;k izek.ks
rkieku deh gksrs- gosps rkieku maphuqlkj deh gks.;kpk dze i`Fohoj HkhUu- HkhUu vlrks-
rlsp R;kr _rquqlkj FkksMkQkj cny gksrks- mUgkG;kr dkgh fBdk.kh 160 eh- maphyk 10ls-xsz
fdaok 360 QwV maphyk 10-F ;k izek.ks rj fgokG;kr dkgh fBdk.kh 160 eh- mphyk 0-80 ls-xzs-
;k izek.ks rkieku deh gksrs-
• iw<hy nksu dkj.kkeqGs maphuqlkj gosps rkieku deh gksrs-
• 1- okrkoj.k [kkywu oj rkir tkrs-
• 2- okrkoj.kkP;k [kkyP;k Fkjkr tyck’i /kqGhps d.k o dkcZuMk; vkWDlkbZM ok;w ;kps
izek.k tkLr vlrs-

5. • rkiekukph foijhrrk @ rkiekukpk myVkdze fdaok rkiekukps O;qRdze.k
• Inversition of Temperature
•
• “ maphuqlkj rkieku deh gks.;kpk dze okrkoj.kkrhy maphuqlkj rkieku deh
gks.;k,soth ok<rkauk vk<Grs- ;kyk rkiekukph foijhrrk vls Eg.krkr ”
• okrkoj.kkyk i`FohP;k i`’BHkkxkiklwu m’.krk feGr vlY;kus maphuqlkj rkieku
dzekdzekus deh gksrs- rkieku deh gks.;kpk nj 160 eh- maphyk 10ls-xzs- brdk vlrks- iajrq
fof”k’B ifjfLFkrhr ek= fo:/n izdkj vk<Grks- v”kk izdkjph ifjfLFkrh eq[;Ros d:u
fgokG;kr jk=hP;k osGh vk<Grs- fgokG;kr jk=hP;kosGh Hkwi`’B vfr”k; FkaM >kysys vlrs-
;k Hkwi`’BkP;k lkfu/;kr vlysY;k okrkoj.kkpk [kkypk Hkkx dkgh osG i;Zar FkaM >kysyk
vlrks- iajrq R;k osGh gosP;k Fkjkps rkieku tkLr vlrs- Eg.ktsp ;k osGh maphuqlkj
rkieku deh gks.;k,oth ok<ysys vk<Grs ;kykp rkiekukph foijhrrk ¼rkiekukps myVs
dze] rkiekukps O;qRdzeu ½ vls Eg.krkr- rkiekukph foijhrrk ?kMw.k ;s.;kph iq<hy
ifjfLFkrh dkj.khHkwr Bjrs-

6. • 1- ioZrh; izns”k %&
MksasxjkG izns”kkr fdaok ioZrh; izns”kkr FkaM gok frP;k otukeqGs [kkyP;k
Hkkxkr Eg.ktsp njhP;k Hkkxkr ;srs o m’.k gok gh oj <dyY;k tkrs-
• 2- fnuekukis{kk jk=heku eksBs %&
fgokGk _rqe/;s fnuekukis{kk jk=heku eksBs vlrs- R;keqGs mRlftZr m’.krsps
rkieku tkLr vlrs- R;keqGs Hkwi`’B yodj FkaM gksrs-
• 3- fujHkz vkdk”k %&
vkdk”kkr <x ulsy fdaok vkdk”kfujHkz vlsy rj m’.krsyk mRltZu fdz;sr
dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk vMFkGk fuekZ.k gksr ukgh R;keqGs Hkwi`’B yodj FkaM gksrs-
• ojhy ifjfLFkrhr Hkwi`’B yodj FkaM gksowu R;kyk ykxwu vlysys okrkoj.kkps [kkyps
Fkj FkaM gksrs- R;kekukus ojhy Fkjkrhy gok ek= mcnkj vlrs- okrkoj.kkP;k rqyusr
Hkwi`’Bkiklwu vf/kd tkLr izek.kkr mRltZu gksr vlY;kus jk=hP;k osGh Hkwi`’Bxkj
gksÅu okrkoj.k ek= mcnkj jkgrs o rkiekukph foijhrrk ?kMwu ;srs-

7. • c½ rkiekukps vkMO;k fn”ksrhy forj.k
(Horizontal distribution of
temperature)%&
• fo’kqoo`RrkdMwu mRrjsdMs fdaok nf{k.ksdMhy
Hkkxkpk vH;kl dsY;kl v{ko`Rrs gh osxosxG;k
rkiekukP;k izns”kkauk e;kZfnr djrkr- ;k vk/kkjkojp
“kkL=Kkuh i`Fohojhy rkiekukps ,danj rhu Hkkx
ikMysys vlw.k ;k foHkkxkauk dfVca/k vls Eg.krkr- rs
[kkyhy izek.ks
• 1- m’.kdfVca/k 2- lef”krks’.k dfVca/k 3-
f”krdfVac/k
• 1- m’.k dfVca/k %&
fo’kqoo`Rrkiklqu mRrjsyk ddZo`Rrki;Zar o
nf{k.ksl edjo`Rrki;Zar i`Fohpk tks Hkkx ;srks- R;kyk
m’.k dfVca/k vls Eg.krkr- lw;Zfdj.ks i`Fohoj
yac:ikus ddZo`Rr o edjo`Rr ;ki;Zar lw;Zfdj.ks gh
mRrjsdMhy nf{k.ksdMhy e;kZnsi;Zar yac:ikus iMrkr-
vFkkZr ;k izns”kkr o’kZHkj dksBs uk dksBs lq;Zfdj.ks
yac:ikus iMr vlrkr- R;keqGs o’kZHkj rkiekukps
izek.k tkLr vlrs _+rwekukuqlkj gh ;sFkhy rkiekukr
Qkjlk Qjd iMr ukgh-

8. • 2- lef”krks’.k dfVca/k %&
nksUgh xksyk/kkZr 23½ rs 66½ ;k v{kka”kkuh gk Hkkx e;kZfnr >kysyk vlqu ;ke/;s
fnol fdaok jk= d/khgh 24 rklkis{kk eksBh ulrs- ;k dfVca/kkr ,dk _rqe/;s rkieku tkLr rj
nql&;k _rqe/;s rkieku deh vlysys fnlwu ;srs-
• 3- “khr dfVca/k %&
nksUgh xksyk/kkZrhy 66½ v{kka”kkiklwu /kqzoki;Zarpk izns”k ;ke/;s ;srks- ;ke/;s fnol o
jk= 24 rklkis{kk eksBh vlrs- mRrj /kqzoktoGhy izns”kkr 6 & 6 efgus fnol o jk= vlrs- ;k
izns”kke/;s lw;Zfdj.ks vf/kd frjih iMr vlY;kus rsFks feG.kk&;k lkSj”kDrhps izek.k Qkjp deh vkgs-
rlsp gk izns”k cQkZus vkPNknysyk vkgs- ;sFkhy rkieku usgeh xksBu fcanwP;k [kkyh vlrs- nksUgh
dfVca/kkis{kk ;sFkhy rkieku deh vlrs-
• lerkijs’kk Eg.kts dk;
• ** udk”kkoj leku rkiekukph fBdk.kh tksMwu r;kj gks.kk&;k js’kkauk lerki js’kk (Isotherm)vls
Eg.krkr-**
• ** rkiekukps f{krht lekarj forj.k lerki js’ksP;k lkgk¸;kus nk[koys tkrs- ;k js’kk
dk<rkauk izR;sd LFkGkps] izR;{k rkiekukps vkdMs leqnz likVhyk izekf.kr d:u ?ksrkr-
** o’kkZrwu nksu fHkUu _rwrhy rkieku n”kZfo.kkjs udk”ks r;kj dsys
tkrkr- ;k udk”kkr rkiekukps forj.k lerki js’kkauh nk[kfoys tkrs- Eg.kwu ;k udk”kkauk lerkijs’kk
udk”kk vls Eg.krkr-