More Related Content More from VijayGorde2 (14) 4. solar energy1. Gondwana University, Gadchiroli
Mahatma Gandhi Arts, Science And Late N.P. Commerce College,
Armori Dist. Gadchiroli
department of geography
b.a.i sem тАУ ii
SUBJECT- climatology
тАв Topic-
Solar Energy (lkSjтАЭkDrh fdaok lkSjmtkZ )
Presented By
Dr. Vijay P. Gorde
Assistant Professor of Geography
M.A. B.Ed., NET, Ph.D.
2. izтАЭu %& lkSjтАЭkDrhc├Мy ekfgrh ns├Еu lkSjтАЭkDrhP;k forj.kkoj ifj.kke dj.kkjs ?kVd LiтАЩV djk-
mRrj %&okrkoj.kkyk izkeq[;kus lw;kZiklwu mтАЩ.krk feGrs- ;kn`тАЩVhus lw;Z gk egRokpk ?kVd letyk
tkrks- lw;kZpk O;kl i`FohP;k O;klkis{kk 100 iVhus tkLr vlwu R;kP;k i`тАЩBHkkxkps rkieku
тАЬkkL=h; vanktkuwlkj 60000 ls-xs- fdaok 110000 QWjugkbZV brds vlrs- lw;kZP;k i`тАЩBHkkxkis{kk
R;kP;k varxZr Hkkxkps rkieku 5 dksVh ls-xzs- brds ┬╝5]00]000]000cg┬╜ vkgs- ,o<s izpaM rkieku
vlysY;k lw;kZP;k i`тАЩBHkkxkiklwu loZ cktwdMs Qkj eksB;k izek.kkr mтАЩ.krk ckgsj Qsdyh tkrs-
Eg.ktsp lw;kZP;k i`тАЩBHkkxkiklwu eksB;k izek.kkoj mтАЩ.krsps lrr mRltZu gksr vlrs- ;k mRlftZr
mтАЩ.krsyk lkSjтАЭkDrh fdaok lkSjmtkZ vls Eg.krkr-
lkSjfLFkjkad %&
lw;kZP;k i`тАЩBHkkxkiklwu mRlftZr gks.kk&;k mтАЩ.krsps izek.k tkLr vlrs rjh Qkjp vYi
izek.kke/;s rh mтАЩ.krk i`Foh xzg.k djrs-] nj oтАЩkkZyk ,dk euqтАЩ;kyk ftrdh mтАЩ.krk ykxrs rso<h
mтАЩ.krk i`Foh nj lsdankyk ?ksr vlrs- тАЬkkL=h; vuqekukuwlkj nj fefuVkyk i`Fohpk nj pkSjl ls-eh-
Hkkx 1-93 dWyjh brdh mтАЩ.krk тАЬkks/kwu ?ksrs- mтАЩ.krsP;k ;k nj pkS- lseh- yk nj fefuVkl feG.kk&;k
lqekjs 2 dWyjhl lkSjfLFkjkad (Solar Constant ) vls Eg.krkr-
3. тАв nj fefuVkyk i`Fohyk feG.kk&;k lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k tjh vfrтАЭk; deh vlrs rjh R;k mтАЩ.krseqGs i`Fohoj iqтАЩdGls
HkkSfrd cny ?kMwu ;srkr- ;k lkSjтАЭkDrheqGs leqnzkrhy ykVkaph o leqnz izokgkph fufeZrh gksrs- rlsp gokekukps loZp
?kVd ;k mтАЩ.krsoj voyacwu vlrkr-
тАв mтАЩ.k vlysY;k loZ izdkjP;k inkFkkZrwu mRltZukus mтАЩ.krk ckgsj iMrs- mтАЩ.krsps gs mRltZu fon;qr pacdh;
ygjh}kjs gksrs- ;k ygjh nj lsdankyk lqekjs 2 yk[k 97 gtkj 600 fd-eh osxkus izokl djrkr- inkFkkZps eqGps
rkieku tj vR;k/khd vlsy rj R;kiklwu mRlftZr gks.kk&;k mтАЩ.krsps izek.k tkLr vlrs- lw;kZP;k i`тАЩBHkkxkiklwu
mRlftZr gks.kkjh lkSjтАЭkDrh gh y?kwygh}kjs ckgsj iMrs- ;kmyV i`Fohlkj[;k deh rkieku vlysY;k xzgkiklwu ;s.kkjh
mтАЩ.krk deh vlwu rh fn?kZygjhP;k Lo:ikr ckgsj iMrs-
тАв тАЬnj lsdankyk 3 yk[k fd-eh- fdaok 1 yk[k 86 gtkj eSy osxkus izokl dj.kk&;k fon;qr paqcdh; ygjhP;k}kjs
lw;kZP;k i`тАЩBHkkxkiklwu mRlftZr gks.kk&;k mтАЩ.krsyk lkSjтАЭkDrh vls Eg.krkr-тАЭ
тАв lkSjтАЭkDrhP;k forj.kkoj ifj.kke dj.kkjs ?kVd %&
тАв lkSjтАЭkDrhpk forj.kkoj eq[;r% [kkyhy ?kVdkapk ifj.kke >kysyk fnlwu ;srks-
1- lw;Zfdj.kkpk Hkwi`тАЩBkpk gks.kkjk dksu
тАв 2- fnueku
тАв 3 i`Fohps lw;kZiklwups varj
тАв 4- tehu o ik.kh ;kps xq.k/keZ
тАв 5- tfeuhps Lo:i
тАв 6- leqnz likVhiklwuph maph
тАв 7- i`Fohojhy okrkoj.kkpk ifj.kke
4. 1- lw;Zfdj.kkpk Hkwi`тАЩBkтАЭkh gks.kkjk dksu %&
lw;Z fdj.kkpk Hkwi`тАЩBkтАЭkh gks.kkjk dksu tj ygku
vlsy rj lw;kZph fdj.ks rhjih iMrkr- ;kmyV tj gk
dksu eksBk vlsy fdaok 900pk vlsy rj vтАЭkk yac:i
lw;Zfdj.kkiklwu tkLr mтАЩ.krk feGrs- yac:i fdj.kkiklwu
feG.kkjh mтАЩ.krk rh rhjI;k fdj.kkaiklwu feG.kk&;k
mтАЩ.krsis{kk tkLr vlrs- dkj.k yac:i fdj.kkauk rhjI;k
fdj.kkais{kk okrkoj.kkP;k deh Hkkxkrwu izokl djkok
ykxrks- R;keqGs okrkoj.kkrwu ;sr vlrkauk yac:i
fdj.kke/khy mтАЩ.krk frjI;k fdj.kkais{kk deh izek.kkr uтАЩV
gksrs-
vFkkZrp lw;Zfdj.kkapk Hkwi`тАЩBkтАЭkh gks.kkjk dksu eksBk vlsy rj
R;kiklwu feG.kkjh mтАЩ.krk tkLr vlrs- ;kyV tj gk dksu
ygku vlsy Eg.ktsp lw;Zfdj.ks rhjih iMr vlrhy rj
R;kiklwu deh mтАЩ.krk feGrs- ;k dkj.kkaeqGs foтАЩkqoo`Rrkoj
feG.kkjh lkSjтАЭkDrh tkLr vlwu foтАЩkqoo`Rrh; iznsтАЭkkps
rkieku tkLr vlrs- ;k├ЕyV /k`zokoj lw;kZph fdj.ks rhjih
iMr vlY;kus feG.kk&;k lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k deh vlrs-
5. 2- fnueku %&
fnolk lw;kZiklwu feG.kkjh mтАЩ.krk i`Foh xzg.k
djrs- jk=h R;kp mтАЩ.krsps ijr mRltZu gksrs- i`Fohoj
T;kfBdk.kh fnuekukis{kk jk=heku tkLr vlrs- R;k fBdk.kh
fnolk feGkysyh mтАЩ.krk deh vlwu jk=h R;k loZ mтАЩ.krsps
foltZu >kY;keqGs R;k fBdk.kh lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k deh
vlrs- ;k├ЕyV i`Fohoj T;kfBdk.kh fnueku jk=hekukis{kk
tkLr vlrs- ;k dkj.kkus i`Fohoj fgokG;kis{kk mUgkG;kr
lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k tkLr vlrs- Eg.kwup mUgkG;kr gosps
rkieku tkLr vlrs-vkd`rh %&(21 ekpZ o 21 lIVscj ;k
nksUgh fnoтАЭkh lw;Zfdj.ks foтАЩkqoo`Rrkoj yca:ikus iMrkr-)
1- fHkUu _rwr lkSjтАЭkDrhps forj.k %&
21 ekpZ o 21 lIVsacj ;k nksUgh fnoтАЭkh lw;kZph fdj.ks
foтАЩkqoo`Rrkoj yac:ikus iMrkr- ;k nksUgh fnoтАЭkh izdkтАЭk
o`RrkeqGs i`Fohojhy loZ v{ko`Rrkaps nksu leku Hkkx gksrkr-
R;keqGs i`FohP;k izR;sd izn{k.ksr izR;sd v{ko`Rrkpk frP;k
fuEek Hkkx izdkтАЭkkr o fuEek Hkkx va/kkjkr vlrks- ;k
fnoтАЭkh foтАЩkqoo`Rrkoj lw;Zfdj.ks yac:ikus iMr vlY;kus
;sFks feG.kk&;k lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k tkLr vlrs-
foтАЩkqoo`Rrkiklwu mRrjsdMs fdaok nf{k.ksdMs xsY;kl lw;kZph
fdj.ks dzekdzekus frjih gksr tkrkr- Eg.kwu ;k fnoтАЭkh
foтАЩkqoo`Rrkiklwu mRrj o nf{k.k /k`zokdMs izR;sd
v{ko`Rrkoj fnueku lkj[ks vlys rjh lw;Zfdj.ks frjih
iMr vlY;keqGs lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k deh deh gksr tkrs o
тАЬksoVh nksUgh /k`zoktoG rs 00 vlrs-
6. 2-v;ufnu %&
v┬╜ 21 twu ;k fnoтАЭkh i`Fohpk mRrj /kwzo lw;kZdMs
23┬╜0 us dyysyk vlrks- R;keqGs lw;kZph fdj.ks
QDr ddZo`Rrkoj yac:ikus iMrkr- ;k fnoтАЭkh
izdkтАЭko`Rr 66┬╜0 mRrj v{ko`RrkP;k iyhdMs
xsY;kus foтАЩkqoo`Rrk[ksfjt i`Fohojhy loZ
v{ko`Rrkaps vleku Hkkx gksrkr-
mRrj xksyk/kkZr izR;sd v{ko`Rrkpk tkLrhr tkLr
Hkkx i`FohP;k ifjoyukr izdkтАЭkkr ;srks o dehr
dehr Hkkx va/kkjkr tkrks- 66┬╜0 mRrj
v{ko`RrkP;k ifydMs izR;sd v{ko`Rr 24 rkl
izdkтАЭkkr vlrs- R;keqGs ;k fnoтАЭkh mRrj xksyk/kkZr
izR;sd fBdk.kh fnol eksBk o jk= ygku vlk
izdkj vk<Grks Eg.ktsp mRrj xksyk/kkZr ;k fnoтАЭkh
tkLrhr tkLr lkSjтАЭkDrh feGrs Eg.kwu ;sFks
mUgkGk _rw vlrks- foтАЩkqoo`Rrkiklwu nf{k.k
/kz`okdMs xsY;kl ;kP;k vxnh myV ifjfLFkrh
vk<Grs- Eg.ktsp jk= eksBh o fnol ygku vlrs-
;keqGs lkSjтАЭkDrhps deh feGwu fgokGk _rw
vlrks-
7. тАв c┬╜ 21 fMlsacjyk lw;Zfdj.ks edjo`Rrkoj
yac:ikus iMrkr ;k fnoтАЭkh izdkтАЭko`Rr mRrj
/k`zokP;k MkohdMwu tkrs- R;keqGs foтАЩkqo`Rrkps
vleku Hkkx gksrkr- nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr nf{k.ksdMs
tkrkauk izR;sd v{ko`Rrkpk tkLrhr tkLr Hkkx
i`FohP;k ifjoyukr izdkтАЭkkr ;srks o dehr
deh Hkkx va/kkjkr jkgrks- 66┬╜0 nf{k.k
v{ko`RrkifydMs loZ v{ko`Rrs izdkтАЭkkr
┬╝mtsMkr┬╜ jkgrkr- R;keqGs nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr
;kosGh fnol eksBk o jk= ygku vlwu ;sFks
mUgkGk _rw vlrks- ;k osGh edjo`Rrkoj
lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k tkLr vlrs- ;kposGh
foтАЩk`oo`Rrkiklwu mRrjsdMs fo:/n ifjfLFkrh
vk<Gwu ;srs- mRrj xksyk/kkZr fnol ygku o
jk= eksBh vlrs- ;kosGh rsFks fgokGk _rw vlwu
feG.kk&;k lkSjтАЭkDrhps izek.k vR;Yi vlrs-
vkd`rh %&
8. 3- i`Foh o lw;Z ;k e/khy varj %&
i`FohP;k ifjHkze.kkr nksu oSfтАЭkтАЩV;iw.kZ voLFkk
;srkr- R;kiSdh ,dk voLFksr i`Foh lw;kZiklwu
tkLrhr tkLr nwj vlrs- ;k voLFksyk vilw;Z
voLFkk vls Eg.krkr- R;kosGh i`Foh o lw;Z
;ke/khy varj 15-20 dksVh fd-eh brds vlrs gh
voLFkk tqyS efgU;kr ;srs- nqljh voLFkk tkusokjh
efgU;kr ;sr vlwu R;kosGh i`Foh lw;kZiklwu
dfer deh varjkoj vlrs ;k voLFksyk milw;Z
fLFkrh vls Eg.krkr- R;kosGh i`Foh o lw;Z
;ke/khy varj 14-70 dksVh fd-eh brds vlrs-
vilw;Z voLFksr i`Foh o lw;Z ;ke/khy varj tkLr
vlwu R;kosGh mRrj xksyk/kkZr mUgkGk rj nf{k.k
xksyk/kkZr fgokGk vlrks- rlsp milw;Z voLFksr
i`Foh o lw;Z ;ke/khy varj deh vlwu mRrj
xksyk/kkZr fgokGk rj nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr mUgkGk
vlrks-
9. тАв 4- tehu o ik.kh ;kaps xq.k/keZ %&
тАв i`Fohojhy tehu o ik.kh ;kaP;k loZlkekU; xq.k/kekZrhy fHkUurspk lkSjтАЭkDrhP;k
forj.kkoj ifj.kke gksrks- tehu o ik.kh ;kaP;k loZlkekU; xq.k/kekZr vk<Gwu ;s.kkjh fHkUurk
Eg.kts lkj[;k izek.kkr mтАЩ.krk fnyh vlrk tehu yodj rkirs o yodj FkaM gksrs- ;kmyV
ik.kh lkodkтАЭki.ks rkirs o lkodkтАЭki.ks FkaM gksrs- tehu ?ku vikjnтАЭkZd o fLFkj vlwu
frP;ko:u ijkorZdrk deh izek.kkr gksrs- ;k├ЕyV ik.kh nzo:i ikjnтАЭkZdvlwu R;kr
gkypky gksrs o R;kP;k i`тАЩBHkkxko:u ijkorZukph fdz;k gksrs- rlsp ckтАЩihHkou ?kMwu ;srs-
;keqGs lkj[;k izek.kkr mтАЩ.krk feGwugh tehu tkLr rkirs rj ik.kh deh izek.kkr rkirs-
тАв tehu o ik.kh ;kaP;k xq.k/kekZr oj fnY;kizek.ks fHkUurk vk<Gwu ;sr vlY;kus
R;kauk feG.kk&;k lkSjтАЭkDrhrgh fHkUurk vk<Grs- tehu ik.;kis{kk tkLr lkSjтАЭkDrh xzg.k
djhr vlY;kus mUgkG;kr 10ls-xz-s rkiekukoj lq/nk tehuhps Hkkx ik.;kis{kk vf/kd mтАЩ.k
vlrkr- ;k├ЕyV fgokG;kr rsp tyHkkx tehuhis{kk foтАЭksтАЩk mтАЩ.k vlrkr-
10. 5- tfefups Lo:i %&
tfefuP;k Lo:ikuwlkj tfeu mтАЩ.krk
xzg.k djrs dkgh [kMdkG tfeu tkLr izek.kr
mтАЩ.krk xzg.k djrs rj fpd.k ekrh fdaok gyD;k
jaxkph ekrh deh izek.kkr mтАЩ.krk xzg.k djrs-
tfeu ouLirhus vkPNknyh vlY;kl tkLr
mтАЩ.krk тАЬkks/kwu ?ksr ukgh- ;kmyV ouLirh fojghr
tehu lw;Zfdj.kkauk m?kMh vlY;kus rh tkLr
rkirs- ouLirhiklwu 3 rs 6% lw;Zfdj.ks
ijkorhZr gksrkr- rj cQkZP;k i`тАЩBHkkxko:u 80
rs 90% fdj.ks ijkorhZus gksr vlY;kus
fgekPNkfnr iznsтАЭk Qkj deh izek.kkr mтАЩ.krk
xzg.k djrs- rlsp okyqdk;e┬╝ jsrh ┬╜ tfefuoj
13 rs 18% lw;Zfdj.ks ijkorhZr gksrkr-
11. 6- lkSjтАЭkDrhP;k forj.kkoj i`Fohojhy okrkoj.kkpk ifj.kke %&
okrkoj.kkrwu lw;Zfdj.ks ;sr vlrkauk R;kaP;krhy mтАЩ.krk Eg.ktsp lkSjтАЭkDrh [kkyhy rhu fdz;sus uтАЩV gksrs-
1- fo&fdj.k 2- ijkorZu 3- тАЬkksтАЩk.k
1- fo&fdj.k %&
okrkoj.kkr vla[; /kqyhkps d.k o gosps v.kw vlrkr- lw;Zfdj.ks okrkoj.kkrwu ;sr vlrkuk rh ;k d.kkauk
vMrkr- ;keqGs lw;Zfdj.kkrhy cjhpтАЭkh mтАЩ.krk R;k d.kkaiklwu ckgsj Qsdyh tkrs- ;k izfdz;syk fo&fdj.k vls Eg.krkr-
;kr iqтАЩdG lkSjтАЭkDrh uтАЩV gksrs- okrkoj.kkrhy ;k d.kkapk O;kl mтАЩ.krsP;k fon;qr pawcdh; ygjhis{kk deh vlsy
rjp gh fdz;k ?kMrs- vkdkтАЭkkrhy fuGk jax gk fo&fdj.k fdz;spk ifj.kke vkgs-
2- ijkorZu %&
okrkoj.kkrhy inkFkkZaP;k d.kkps O;kl okrkoj.kkrwu ;s.kk&;k lkSjтАЭkDrhP;k ygjhis{kk eksBs vlrs- R;k d.kkaeqGs mтАЩ.krsP;k
ygjh ijkorZu ikorkr o lw;Z fdj.kkapk izdkтАЭk oj Qsdyk tkrks- ;k fdz;sr lkSjтАЭkDrhpk dkgh Hkkx uтАЩV gksrks-
3- тАЬkksтАЩk.k %&
okrkoj.kkrwu lw;kZph fdj.ks fdaok mтАЩ.krsP;k ygjh ;sr vlrkauk R;kP;krhy iqтАЩdGтАЭkh mтАЩ.krk okrkoj.kkrhy
fujfujkGs ?kVd тАЬkks/kwu ?ksrkr- okrkoj.kkrhy ckтАЩikus tkLrhr tkLr lkSjтАЭkDrh uтАЩV gksrs- ;k ckтАЩikfтАЭkok;
okrkoj.kkrhy ok;w o /kqGhd.k gs ?kVd ns[khy mтАЩ.krspk FkksMkQkj Hkkx тАЬkks/kwu ?ksrkr-
vтАЭkk fjrhus lw;kZiklwu ;s.kk&;k ,dw.k lkSjтАЭkDrh iSdh cjkplk Hkkx okrkoj.k o i`Fohpk i`тАЩBHkkx o
fo&fdj.k ;k fdz;sus ijr vkdkтАЭkkr Qsdyk tkrks- R;keqGs gh mтАЩ.krk i`Fohyk feGr ukgh-