B.A. I SEM - II CLIMATOLOGY Gondwana University, Gadchiroli

1. Gondwana University, Gadchiroli
Mahatma Gandhi Arts, Science And Late N.P.
Commerce College, Armori Dist. Gadchiroli
department of geography
b.a.i sem – ii
SUBJECT- climatology
UNIT –II
Topic -Distribution of Air Pressure
ok;wnkckps @ ok;wHkkjkps forj.k
Presented By
Dr. Vijay P. Gorde
Assistant Professor of Geography
M.A. B.Ed., NET, Ph.D.

2. • ok;qHkkjkps tkxfrd forj.k Li’V djk-
ok;wnkckps @ ok;wHkkjkps forj.k (Air Presure)%&
ok;wHkkjkps forj.k [kkyhy izek.ks nksu izdkjs dsys vkgs-
1- ok;wnkckps mHks forj.k &Vertical Distribution of Atmospheric Presure
2- vkMO;k fn”ksrhy ok;wHkkjkps forj.k &HorizontalDistribution of Atmospheric Presure
1- ok;wnkckps mH;k fn”ksrhy forj.k &Vertical Distribution of Atmospheric Presure
leqnzlikVhiklwu tl tls map tkos rl rlk ok;wHkkj deh gksrks- leqnzlikVhoj
ok;qHkkj 1013 fefyckj vlrks- leqnzlikVhoj okrkoj.kkrhy gosps Fkjkoj Fkj vlY;keqGs rsFks
gosph ?kurk tkLr vlrs- Eg.kwu ok;wHkkj tkLr vlrks- vf/kd maphoj gosps Fkj deh o gok
fojG gksr vlY;keqGs rsFkhy ok;wHkkj deh vk<Grks- leqnzlikVhiklwu lqekjs 5490 ehVj i;Zr
gospk nkc deh gks.;kps izek.k dk;e vlrs-
izrh 275 eh- yk ok;wHkkj 33-6 feyhckj ;k izek.kkr ok;wHkkj deh gksrks- leqnz
likVhiklwu 5454 eh- i;Zarpk ok;wHkkj 506-6 fefyckj ,o<k vk<Grks- tl tls map tkos rl
rlh gok fojG vk<Grs- R;keqGs vf/kd mapkoj p<rkauk fxjh;kjksgdkauk izk.kok;wpk iqjoBk
dwf=efjrhus djkok ykxrks vrh mapko:u izokl dj.kk&;k foekukr izk.kok;wpk iqjoBk dsysyk
vlrks-

3. v-dz maph ¼ehVlZ½ ok;wHkkj ¼fefyckj½
1 leqnzlikVh 1013-6
2 1000 898-76
3 2000 795-61
4 5000 540-48
5 10]000 265-00
6 60]000 00-26
2- ok;qHkkjkps vkMO;k fn”ksrhy forj.k& Horizontal Distribution of Atmospheric Presure
ok;wHkkjkps vkMO;k fn”ksrhy forj.k Hkwi`’BkP;k udk”kkoj leHkkj js’kkuh n”kZfoysys
vlrs- leHkkj js’kkP;k lkgk¸;kus Hkwi`’Bkojhy vkMO;k fn”ksrhy forj.k Li’V gksow “kdsy-

4. • leHkkj js’kk (Isobars)%&
Hkwi`’Bkojhy gosP;k nkckph fLFkrh udk”kkoj n”kZfo.;klkBh leHkkj js’kkpk okij dsyk tkrks-
Hkwi`’Bkojhy fujfujkG;k fBdk.kkojhy ok;wHkkj gk ok;wHkkj ekidkus ekstrkr- udk”kkoj T;k&T;k fBdk.kh
izekf.kr ok;wHkkjkps vkdMs fyfgys tkrkr- R;k fBdk.kh leku ok;wHkkjkph fBdk.ks lyx js’kkuh tksMyh tkrkr-
v”kk izdkjs leku ok;wHkkjkP;k LFkGakuk tksM.kk&;k js’kkuk leHkkj js’kk ( Isobars) vls Eg.krkr-
gosph nSfud fLFkrh n”kZfo.kk&;k udk”kkr ok;wHkkj rlsp deh tkLr ok;wHkkjkph {ks=s
n”kZfo.;klkBh leHkkj js’kkpk mi;ksx djrkr- leHkkj js’kkP;k lkgk¸;kus udk”kkoj ok;wHkkjkps forj.k
(Isobaric map) txkrhy mUgkG;krhy o fgokG;krhy ok;wHkkjkps forj.k nk[kfo.;klkBh osxosxGs
udk”ks r;kj dsys tkrkr-
• leHkkj js’kkph oSf”k’Vs %&
leHkkj js’kkaph [kkyhy oSf”k’V;s egRokph ekuyh tkrkr-
1- leHkkj js’kko:u ok;wHkkjkps forj.k Li’V gksrs-
2- leHkkj js’kk dks.kR;kgh fBdk.kkapk izR;{k ok;wHkkj n”kZfor ukgh rj rh fBdk.ks leqnz likVhoj vlrh
rj rsFkhy gospk Hkkj fdrh vlrk gs n”kZforkr-
3- leHkkj js’kk r;kj djrkauk izR;sd fBdk.kP;k jkeqnzlikVhiklwuP;k maphpk fopkj djrkr-
4-leHkkj js’kke/khy varj loZ= leku ulrs- ok;wHkkjkrhy mrkj rhoz vlY;kl ;k js’kk toG &
toG vlrkr- ok;wHkkjkrhy mrkj lkSE; vlsy rj R;k nwj&nwj vlrkr-

5. • ok;wHkkjkP;k f{krht lekarj vFkok
vkMO;k fn”ksrhy ok;wHkkjkP;k
forj.kkph oSf”k’V;s %&
• i`Fohojhy ok;wHkkjkps f{krht
lekarj forj.k n”kZfo.;klkBh leHkkj js’kk
udk”ks r;kj dsys tkrkr- gs udk”ks tqyS o
tkusokjh efgU;krhy ok;wHkkjkph fLFkrh
n”kZforkr- dkj.k ok;wHkkj rkiekukoj voyacwu
vlrks- rkieku _rw uqlkj cnyrs- o R;keqGs
ok;wHkkjkr Qjd iMrks- rkiekukrhy Qjd tqyS
o tkusokjh ;k nksu efgU;kr vk<Grks- mRrj
xksyk/kkZr tkusokjh e/;s rkieku lokZr deh o
tqySe/;s lokZr tkLr vlrs- R;keqGs mRrj
xksyk/kkZr tkusokjhr ok;wHkkj tkLr o tqySe/;s
rks deh vlrks- ;k myV fLFkrh nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr
vlrs-

6. • loZlk/kkj.ki.ks fgokG;kr ok;wHkkj tkLr o ok;wHkkjkpk p< fdaok mrkj rhoz
vlrks- fgokG;kr mRrj xksyk/kkZr 300 mRrj v{ko`RrktoG vf/kd nkckps
lyx o v[kaM {ks= iÍ;kP;k Lo:ikr vlrs- mUgkG;kr Hkw[kaM rkiY;kus
rlsp brj ?kVdkaP;k izHkkokus gk tkLr nkckpk lyx iÍk fo[kaMhr gksrks-
• rj nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr nksUgh _rwr 600 nf{k.k v{ko`Rrkoj vl.kkjk deh
ok;wHkkjkpk iÍk v[kaM o lyx vlrks- dkj.k nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr ;k v{ko`Rrh;
foHkkxkr HkwHkkx vrh”k; deh vlwu lkxjh Hkkx foLr`r vkgs
• rFkkih mRrj xksyk/kkZrhy 600 mRrj v{ko`Rrh; foHkkxkrhy deh Hkkjkpk HkwHkkx
tkLr vlY;kus fo[kaMhr gksowu foLdGhr gksrkr- mnk-%& tkusokjh efgU;kr
deh ok;wHkkjkph {ks=s ;qjs”kh;kpk e/;Hkkx] dWfyQkfsuZ;k o dksyach;kps iBkj o
lgkjk okGoaVkoj vlrkr- v”kk izdkjs ok;wHkkjkP;k f{krht lekarj forj.kkph
oSf”k’V;s fnlwu ;srkr-

8. • gospk nkc vkf.k okjs ;kpk ijLij laca/k Li’V djk-
Hkwi`’Bkoj osxosxG;k fBdk.kh rkiekukr fHkUurk fuekZ.k gksowu gosP;k nkckr
fHkUurk fuekZ.k gksrs- o R;kyk vuql:u okrkoj.kkr gosps lapyu lq: gksrs- gosP;k nkckr
fHkUurk fuekZ.k gksÅu Hkwi`’Bkyk lekarj fn”ksus gks.kk&;k gosP;k gkypkyhyk okjk vls Eg.krkr-
Hkwi`’Bkoj gosP;k rkiekukrhy fHkUurseqGs gosP;k deh o tkLr nkckps izns”k
fuekZ.k gksowu tkLr HkkjkP;k izns”kkdMwu deh HkkjkP;k izns”kkdMs gosps lapyu lq: gksrs - ;k
gosyk xrh feGrs- ;k xrh”khy gosykp okjk Eg.krkr-
;kmyV Hkwi`’Bkiklwu fof”k’V maphojhy okrkoj.kkP;k Hkkxkr ojP;k fn”ksus o [kkyP;k
fn”ksus gosps laogu pkyw vlrs- ;k izdkjP;k gkypkyhyk izokg vls Eg.krkr- Hkwi`’BkP;k
lkfu/;kr vlysyh gok rkiY;koj izlj.k ikors- o gydh gksowu oj tkÅ ykxrs- ;kizekus
gosps izokg fuekZ.k gksrkr-
• gosP;k gkypkyhoj fdaok ok&;kP;k fn”ksoj fu;a=.k dj.kk&;k “kDrh
• ok&;kph fn”kk vkf.k osx ;koj fu;a=.k dj.kk&;k pkj izeq[k “kDrh vkgsr-
1- ok;wHkkj mrkj 2- dksjksvkWyhl “kDrh 3- ?k’kZ.k 4- dsanzksRlkjh “kDrh

9. 1- ok;wHkkj mrkj %&
i`Fohoj deh o tkLr nkckps iÍs fuekZ.k gksrkr- i`Foh HkwHkkxkoj tls
mapl[ky Hkkx vk<Grkr- rlkp ok;wHkkjkrgh p< mrkj vk<Grks- ;ko:u i`Fohoj
deh vkf.k tkLr nkckps izns”k vk<Grkr- gk ok;wHkkj leHkkj js’kkauhnk[kforkr-
;ko:u i`Fohoj deh vkf.k tkLr nkckps izns”k vk<Grkr- gk ok;wHkkj leHkkj
js’kkauh n”kZfoyk tkrks- tkLr ok;wHkkjkdMwu deh ok;w HkkjkdMs vlysY;k ok;wHkkjkP;k
mrkjkr ok;wHkkj mrkj ( Pressure Gradient) vls Eg.krkr- leHkkj js’kk toG &
toG vlrhy rj rsFkhy ok;wHkkj mrkj rhoz vlrks o leHkkj js’kkrhy varj tkLr
vlsy rj ok;wHkkj mrkj ean vlrks- ok;wHkkj mrkjkuqlkj okjk okgrks- ok&;kpk osx o
ok&;kpk feG.kkjh xrh ok;wHkkj mrkjkP;k rhozrsoj voyacwu vlrs- tj ok;wHkkj rhoz
vlsy rj ok&;kpk osx tkLr vlrks- ;kmyV ok;wHkkj mrkj ean vlsy rj ok&;kl
deh xrh izkIr gksowu okjk deh osxkus okgw ykxrks-

10. 2- dksjksvkWyhl “kDrh %&
i`FohP;k Lokax ifjHkze.kkeqGs gh
“kDrh vLrhRokr vkyh vkgs- tkLr
HkkjkdMwu deh HkkjkdMs leHkkj js’kkauk
dkVdksukr okg.kk&;k ok&;kP;k fn”ksoj ;k
“kDrhpk ifj.kke gksrks o rs vkiY;k eqG
fn”ksiklwu fopyhr gksrkr- ;k Hkkleku
“kDrheqGs fo’kqoo`Rrkf”kok; Hkwi`’Bkojhy
ok&;klghr loZ xrheku oLrw mRrj
xksyk/kkZr vkiY;k fn”ksP;k mtO;k o nf{k.k
xksyk/kkZr vkiY;k fn”ksrhy MkO;k cktwl
oGrkr- i`FohP;k xrhpk vlk ifj.kke
ok&;kP;k fn”ksoj gksrks- gs izFke vesjhdu
“kkL=K Qsjsy ;kuh fl/n dsys- Eg.kwu ;k
fu;ekyk Qsjsypk fu;e vls Eg.krkr

11. • 3- ?k’kZ.k (Friction)%&
i`Fohoj Hkweh[kaM o tyk”k;kpk Hkkx vkgs- rlsp i`’BHkkx loZ= lkj[kk ukgh-
Hkwi`’Bko:u okg.kk&;k ok&;kP;k xrhoj Hkwi`’Bkps ?k’kZ.k vf/kd vlsy rj ok&;kP;k xrh ean
gksrs o fn”kk lw/nk cnyrs- leHkkj gosyk okjs vf/kd dksu d:u okgrkr- ?k’kZ.k tkLr
vlY;kus leHkkj js’ksyk okjs lekarj u okgrk frjis okgrkr- [kMcMhr Hkweho:u okg.kkjs okjs
leHkkj js’kkuk 200rs 400 pk dksu d:u okgrkr- vkf.k lkxjko:u okg.kkjs ok&;kaps ?k’kZ.k
deh gksr vlY;kus 100 is{kk deh dksu d:u okgrkr- ijarq ?k’kZ.kkeqGs fn”kk cny.;kpk o
osx deh gks.;kph fdz;k QDr Hkwi`’Bko:u 500 rs 1000 eh- maphi;Zar e;kZfnr vkgs- vf/kd
maphoj okgR;k ok&;koj ?k’kZ.kfdz;spk ifj.kke gksr ukgh-
4- dsanzksRlkjh “kDrh %&
dsanzksRlkjh “kDrhpk ok&;koj ifj.kke gksrks- tsOgk okjs viogu “kDrheqGs odzkdkj okgrkr o
odz leHkkj js’kkuk leHkkj okgw ykxrkr- rsOgk dsanzksRlkjh “kDrh dk;Z djhr vlrs- mnk%&>a>kokr] oknGs
gfjdsUl] VksjuWMks b- oj ;k “kDrhpk ifj.kke gksr vlrks- vkoZrkP;k dsanzkdMs okjs g;k “kDrheqGsp
odzkdkj fQjrkr-
v”kk izdkjs ojhy pkj ?kVdkpk ifj.kke ok&;kP;k xrhoj vkf.k fn”ksoj gksr vlrks- ;k pkj
?kVdkukp ok&;kP;k fu;a=.k “kDrh vls Eg.krkr-