B.A. I SEM - II Climatology Gondwana University, Gadchiroli

1. Gondwana University, Gadchiroli
Mahatma Gandhi Arts, Science And Late N.P. Commerce College,
Armori Dist. Gadchiroli
department of geography
b.a.i sem – ii
SUBJECT- climatology
• Topic-
Solar Energy (lkSj”kDrh fdaok lkSjmtkZ )
Presented By
Dr. Vijay P. Gorde
Assistant Professor of Geography
M.A. B.Ed., NET, Ph.D.

2. iz”u %& lkSj”kDrhcÌy ekfgrh nsÅu lkSj”kDrhP;k forj.kkoj ifj.kke dj.kkjs ?kVd Li’V djk-
mRrj %&okrkoj.kkyk izkeq[;kus lw;kZiklwu m’.krk feGrs- ;kn`’Vhus lw;Z gk egRokpk ?kVd letyk
tkrks- lw;kZpk O;kl i`FohP;k O;klkis{kk 100 iVhus tkLr vlwu R;kP;k i`’BHkkxkps rkieku
“kkL=h; vanktkuwlkj 60000 ls-xs- fdaok 110000 QWjugkbZV brds vlrs- lw;kZP;k i`’BHkkxkis{kk
R;kP;k varxZr Hkkxkps rkieku 5 dksVh ls-xzs- brds ¼5]00]000]000cg½ vkgs- ,o<s izpaM rkieku
vlysY;k lw;kZP;k i`’BHkkxkiklwu loZ cktwdMs Qkj eksB;k izek.kkr m’.krk ckgsj Qsdyh tkrs-
Eg.ktsp lw;kZP;k i`’BHkkxkiklwu eksB;k izek.kkoj m’.krsps lrr mRltZu gksr vlrs- ;k mRlftZr
m’.krsyk lkSj”kDrh fdaok lkSjmtkZ vls Eg.krkr-
lkSjfLFkjkad %&
lw;kZP;k i`’BHkkxkiklwu mRlftZr gks.kk&;k m’.krsps izek.k tkLr vlrs rjh Qkjp vYi
izek.kke/;s rh m’.krk i`Foh xzg.k djrs-] nj o’kkZyk ,dk euq’;kyk ftrdh m’.krk ykxrs rso<h
m’.krk i`Foh nj lsdankyk ?ksr vlrs- “kkL=h; vuqekukuwlkj nj fefuVkyk i`Fohpk nj pkSjl ls-eh-
Hkkx 1-93 dWyjh brdh m’.krk “kks/kwu ?ksrs- m’.krsP;k ;k nj pkS- lseh- yk nj fefuVkl feG.kk&;k
lqekjs 2 dWyjhl lkSjfLFkjkad (Solar Constant ) vls Eg.krkr-

3. • nj fefuVkyk i`Fohyk feG.kk&;k lkSj”kDrhps izek.k tjh vfr”k; deh vlrs rjh R;k m’.krseqGs i`Fohoj iq’dGls
HkkSfrd cny ?kMwu ;srkr- ;k lkSj”kDrheqGs leqnzkrhy ykVkaph o leqnz izokgkph fufeZrh gksrs- rlsp gokekukps loZp
?kVd ;k m’.krsoj voyacwu vlrkr-
• m’.k vlysY;k loZ izdkjP;k inkFkkZrwu mRltZukus m’.krk ckgsj iMrs- m’.krsps gs mRltZu fon;qr pacdh;
ygjh}kjs gksrs- ;k ygjh nj lsdankyk lqekjs 2 yk[k 97 gtkj 600 fd-eh osxkus izokl djrkr- inkFkkZps eqGps
rkieku tj vR;k/khd vlsy rj R;kiklwu mRlftZr gks.kk&;k m’.krsps izek.k tkLr vlrs- lw;kZP;k i`’BHkkxkiklwu
mRlftZr gks.kkjh lkSj”kDrh gh y?kwygh}kjs ckgsj iMrs- ;kmyV i`Fohlkj[;k deh rkieku vlysY;k xzgkiklwu ;s.kkjh
m’.krk deh vlwu rh fn?kZygjhP;k Lo:ikr ckgsj iMrs-
• “nj lsdankyk 3 yk[k fd-eh- fdaok 1 yk[k 86 gtkj eSy osxkus izokl dj.kk&;k fon;qr paqcdh; ygjhP;k}kjs
lw;kZP;k i`’BHkkxkiklwu mRlftZr gks.kk&;k m’.krsyk lkSj”kDrh vls Eg.krkr-”
• lkSj”kDrhP;k forj.kkoj ifj.kke dj.kkjs ?kVd %&
• lkSj”kDrhpk forj.kkoj eq[;r% [kkyhy ?kVdkapk ifj.kke >kysyk fnlwu ;srks-
1- lw;Zfdj.kkpk Hkwi`’Bkpk gks.kkjk dksu
• 2- fnueku
• 3 i`Fohps lw;kZiklwups varj
• 4- tehu o ik.kh ;kps xq.k/keZ
• 5- tfeuhps Lo:i
• 6- leqnz likVhiklwuph maph
• 7- i`Fohojhy okrkoj.kkpk ifj.kke

4. 1- lw;Zfdj.kkpk Hkwi`’Bk”kh gks.kkjk dksu %&
lw;Z fdj.kkpk Hkwi`’Bk”kh gks.kkjk dksu tj ygku
vlsy rj lw;kZph fdj.ks rhjih iMrkr- ;kmyV tj gk
dksu eksBk vlsy fdaok 900pk vlsy rj v”kk yac:i
lw;Zfdj.kkiklwu tkLr m’.krk feGrs- yac:i fdj.kkiklwu
feG.kkjh m’.krk rh rhjI;k fdj.kkaiklwu feG.kk&;k
m’.krsis{kk tkLr vlrs- dkj.k yac:i fdj.kkauk rhjI;k
fdj.kkais{kk okrkoj.kkP;k deh Hkkxkrwu izokl djkok
ykxrks- R;keqGs okrkoj.kkrwu ;sr vlrkauk yac:i
fdj.kke/khy m’.krk frjI;k fdj.kkais{kk deh izek.kkr u’V
gksrs-
vFkkZrp lw;Zfdj.kkapk Hkwi`’Bk”kh gks.kkjk dksu eksBk vlsy rj
R;kiklwu feG.kkjh m’.krk tkLr vlrs- ;kyV tj gk dksu
ygku vlsy Eg.ktsp lw;Zfdj.ks rhjih iMr vlrhy rj
R;kiklwu deh m’.krk feGrs- ;k dkj.kkaeqGs fo’kqoo`Rrkoj
feG.kkjh lkSj”kDrh tkLr vlwu fo’kqoo`Rrh; izns”kkps
rkieku tkLr vlrs- ;kÅyV /k`zokoj lw;kZph fdj.ks rhjih
iMr vlY;kus feG.kk&;k lkSj”kDrhps izek.k deh vlrs-

5. 2- fnueku %&
fnolk lw;kZiklwu feG.kkjh m’.krk i`Foh xzg.k
djrs- jk=h R;kp m’.krsps ijr mRltZu gksrs- i`Fohoj
T;kfBdk.kh fnuekukis{kk jk=heku tkLr vlrs- R;k fBdk.kh
fnolk feGkysyh m’.krk deh vlwu jk=h R;k loZ m’.krsps
foltZu >kY;keqGs R;k fBdk.kh lkSj”kDrhps izek.k deh
vlrs- ;kÅyV i`Fohoj T;kfBdk.kh fnueku jk=hekukis{kk
tkLr vlrs- ;k dkj.kkus i`Fohoj fgokG;kis{kk mUgkG;kr
lkSj”kDrhps izek.k tkLr vlrs- Eg.kwup mUgkG;kr gosps
rkieku tkLr vlrs-vkd`rh %&(21 ekpZ o 21 lIVscj ;k
nksUgh fno”kh lw;Zfdj.ks fo’kqoo`Rrkoj yca:ikus iMrkr-)
1- fHkUu _rwr lkSj”kDrhps forj.k %&
21 ekpZ o 21 lIVsacj ;k nksUgh fno”kh lw;kZph fdj.ks
fo’kqoo`Rrkoj yac:ikus iMrkr- ;k nksUgh fno”kh izdk”k
o`RrkeqGs i`Fohojhy loZ v{ko`Rrkaps nksu leku Hkkx gksrkr-
R;keqGs i`FohP;k izR;sd izn{k.ksr izR;sd v{ko`Rrkpk frP;k
fuEek Hkkx izdk”kkr o fuEek Hkkx va/kkjkr vlrks- ;k
fno”kh fo’kqoo`Rrkoj lw;Zfdj.ks yac:ikus iMr vlY;kus
;sFks feG.kk&;k lkSj”kDrhps izek.k tkLr vlrs-
fo’kqoo`Rrkiklwu mRrjsdMs fdaok nf{k.ksdMs xsY;kl lw;kZph
fdj.ks dzekdzekus frjih gksr tkrkr- Eg.kwu ;k fno”kh
fo’kqoo`Rrkiklwu mRrj o nf{k.k /k`zokdMs izR;sd
v{ko`Rrkoj fnueku lkj[ks vlys rjh lw;Zfdj.ks frjih
iMr vlY;keqGs lkSj”kDrhps izek.k deh deh gksr tkrs o
“ksoVh nksUgh /k`zoktoG rs 00 vlrs-

6. 2-v;ufnu %&
v½ 21 twu ;k fno”kh i`Fohpk mRrj /kwzo lw;kZdMs
23½0 us dyysyk vlrks- R;keqGs lw;kZph fdj.ks
QDr ddZo`Rrkoj yac:ikus iMrkr- ;k fno”kh
izdk”ko`Rr 66½0 mRrj v{ko`RrkP;k iyhdMs
xsY;kus fo’kqoo`Rrk[ksfjt i`Fohojhy loZ
v{ko`Rrkaps vleku Hkkx gksrkr-
mRrj xksyk/kkZr izR;sd v{ko`Rrkpk tkLrhr tkLr
Hkkx i`FohP;k ifjoyukr izdk”kkr ;srks o dehr
dehr Hkkx va/kkjkr tkrks- 66½0 mRrj
v{ko`RrkP;k ifydMs izR;sd v{ko`Rr 24 rkl
izdk”kkr vlrs- R;keqGs ;k fno”kh mRrj xksyk/kkZr
izR;sd fBdk.kh fnol eksBk o jk= ygku vlk
izdkj vk<Grks Eg.ktsp mRrj xksyk/kkZr ;k fno”kh
tkLrhr tkLr lkSj”kDrh feGrs Eg.kwu ;sFks
mUgkGk _rw vlrks- fo’kqoo`Rrkiklwu nf{k.k
/kz`okdMs xsY;kl ;kP;k vxnh myV ifjfLFkrh
vk<Grs- Eg.ktsp jk= eksBh o fnol ygku vlrs-
;keqGs lkSj”kDrhps deh feGwu fgokGk _rw
vlrks-

7. • c½ 21 fMlsacjyk lw;Zfdj.ks edjo`Rrkoj
yac:ikus iMrkr ;k fno”kh izdk”ko`Rr mRrj
/k`zokP;k MkohdMwu tkrs- R;keqGs fo’kqo`Rrkps
vleku Hkkx gksrkr- nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr nf{k.ksdMs
tkrkauk izR;sd v{ko`Rrkpk tkLrhr tkLr Hkkx
i`FohP;k ifjoyukr izdk”kkr ;srks o dehr
deh Hkkx va/kkjkr jkgrks- 66½0 nf{k.k
v{ko`RrkifydMs loZ v{ko`Rrs izdk”kkr
¼mtsMkr½ jkgrkr- R;keqGs nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr
;kosGh fnol eksBk o jk= ygku vlwu ;sFks
mUgkGk _rw vlrks- ;k osGh edjo`Rrkoj
lkSj”kDrhps izek.k tkLr vlrs- ;kposGh
fo’k`oo`Rrkiklwu mRrjsdMs fo:/n ifjfLFkrh
vk<Gwu ;srs- mRrj xksyk/kkZr fnol ygku o
jk= eksBh vlrs- ;kosGh rsFks fgokGk _rw vlwu
feG.kk&;k lkSj”kDrhps izek.k vR;Yi vlrs-
vkd`rh %&

8. 3- i`Foh o lw;Z ;k e/khy varj %&
i`FohP;k ifjHkze.kkr nksu oSf”k’V;iw.kZ voLFkk
;srkr- R;kiSdh ,dk voLFksr i`Foh lw;kZiklwu
tkLrhr tkLr nwj vlrs- ;k voLFksyk vilw;Z
voLFkk vls Eg.krkr- R;kosGh i`Foh o lw;Z
;ke/khy varj 15-20 dksVh fd-eh brds vlrs gh
voLFkk tqyS efgU;kr ;srs- nqljh voLFkk tkusokjh
efgU;kr ;sr vlwu R;kosGh i`Foh lw;kZiklwu
dfer deh varjkoj vlrs ;k voLFksyk milw;Z
fLFkrh vls Eg.krkr- R;kosGh i`Foh o lw;Z
;ke/khy varj 14-70 dksVh fd-eh brds vlrs-
vilw;Z voLFksr i`Foh o lw;Z ;ke/khy varj tkLr
vlwu R;kosGh mRrj xksyk/kkZr mUgkGk rj nf{k.k
xksyk/kkZr fgokGk vlrks- rlsp milw;Z voLFksr
i`Foh o lw;Z ;ke/khy varj deh vlwu mRrj
xksyk/kkZr fgokGk rj nf{k.k xksyk/kkZr mUgkGk
vlrks-

9. • 4- tehu o ik.kh ;kaps xq.k/keZ %&
• i`Fohojhy tehu o ik.kh ;kaP;k loZlkekU; xq.k/kekZrhy fHkUurspk lkSj”kDrhP;k
forj.kkoj ifj.kke gksrks- tehu o ik.kh ;kaP;k loZlkekU; xq.k/kekZr vk<Gwu ;s.kkjh fHkUurk
Eg.kts lkj[;k izek.kkr m’.krk fnyh vlrk tehu yodj rkirs o yodj FkaM gksrs- ;kmyV
ik.kh lkodk”ki.ks rkirs o lkodk”ki.ks FkaM gksrs- tehu ?ku vikjn”kZd o fLFkj vlwu
frP;ko:u ijkorZdrk deh izek.kkr gksrs- ;kÅyV ik.kh nzo:i ikjn”kZdvlwu R;kr
gkypky gksrs o R;kP;k i`’BHkkxko:u ijkorZukph fdz;k gksrs- rlsp ck’ihHkou ?kMwu ;srs-
;keqGs lkj[;k izek.kkr m’.krk feGwugh tehu tkLr rkirs rj ik.kh deh izek.kkr rkirs-
• tehu o ik.kh ;kaP;k xq.k/kekZr oj fnY;kizek.ks fHkUurk vk<Gwu ;sr vlY;kus
R;kauk feG.kk&;k lkSj”kDrhrgh fHkUurk vk<Grs- tehu ik.;kis{kk tkLr lkSj”kDrh xzg.k
djhr vlY;kus mUgkG;kr 10ls-xz-s rkiekukoj lq/nk tehuhps Hkkx ik.;kis{kk vf/kd m’.k
vlrkr- ;kÅyV fgokG;kr rsp tyHkkx tehuhis{kk fo”ks’k m’.k vlrkr-

10. 5- tfefups Lo:i %&
tfefuP;k Lo:ikuwlkj tfeu m’.krk
xzg.k djrs dkgh [kMdkG tfeu tkLr izek.kr
m’.krk xzg.k djrs rj fpd.k ekrh fdaok gyD;k
jaxkph ekrh deh izek.kkr m’.krk xzg.k djrs-
tfeu ouLirhus vkPNknyh vlY;kl tkLr
m’.krk “kks/kwu ?ksr ukgh- ;kmyV ouLirh fojghr
tehu lw;Zfdj.kkauk m?kMh vlY;kus rh tkLr
rkirs- ouLirhiklwu 3 rs 6% lw;Zfdj.ks
ijkorhZr gksrkr- rj cQkZP;k i`’BHkkxko:u 80
rs 90% fdj.ks ijkorhZus gksr vlY;kus
fgekPNkfnr izns”k Qkj deh izek.kkr m’.krk
xzg.k djrs- rlsp okyqdk;e¼ jsrh ½ tfefuoj
13 rs 18% lw;Zfdj.ks ijkorhZr gksrkr-

11. 6- lkSj”kDrhP;k forj.kkoj i`Fohojhy okrkoj.kkpk ifj.kke %&
okrkoj.kkrwu lw;Zfdj.ks ;sr vlrkauk R;kaP;krhy m’.krk Eg.ktsp lkSj”kDrh [kkyhy rhu fdz;sus u’V gksrs-
1- fo&fdj.k 2- ijkorZu 3- “kks’k.k
1- fo&fdj.k %&
okrkoj.kkr vla[; /kqyhkps d.k o gosps v.kw vlrkr- lw;Zfdj.ks okrkoj.kkrwu ;sr vlrkuk rh ;k d.kkauk
vMrkr- ;keqGs lw;Zfdj.kkrhy cjhp”kh m’.krk R;k d.kkaiklwu ckgsj Qsdyh tkrs- ;k izfdz;syk fo&fdj.k vls Eg.krkr-
;kr iq’dG lkSj”kDrh u’V gksrs- okrkoj.kkrhy ;k d.kkapk O;kl m’.krsP;k fon;qr pawcdh; ygjhis{kk deh vlsy
rjp gh fdz;k ?kMrs- vkdk”kkrhy fuGk jax gk fo&fdj.k fdz;spk ifj.kke vkgs-
2- ijkorZu %&
okrkoj.kkrhy inkFkkZaP;k d.kkps O;kl okrkoj.kkrwu ;s.kk&;k lkSj”kDrhP;k ygjhis{kk eksBs vlrs- R;k d.kkaeqGs m’.krsP;k
ygjh ijkorZu ikorkr o lw;Z fdj.kkapk izdk”k oj Qsdyk tkrks- ;k fdz;sr lkSj”kDrhpk dkgh Hkkx u’V gksrks-
3- “kks’k.k %&
okrkoj.kkrwu lw;kZph fdj.ks fdaok m’.krsP;k ygjh ;sr vlrkauk R;kP;krhy iq’dG”kh m’.krk okrkoj.kkrhy
fujfujkGs ?kVd “kks/kwu ?ksrkr- okrkoj.kkrhy ck’ikus tkLrhr tkLr lkSj”kDrh u’V gksrs- ;k ck’ikf”kok;
okrkoj.kkrhy ok;w o /kqGhd.k gs ?kVd ns[khy m’.krspk FkksMkQkj Hkkx “kks/kwu ?ksrkr-
v”kk fjrhus lw;kZiklwu ;s.kk&;k ,dw.k lkSj”kDrh iSdh cjkplk Hkkx okrkoj.k o i`Fohpk i`’BHkkx o
fo&fdj.k ;k fdz;sus ijr vkdk”kkr Qsdyk tkrks- R;keqGs gh m’.krk i`Fohyk feGr ukgh-