Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that involves gradually stretching bone and soft tissue by applying tension over time in order to reconstruct skeletal defects. It utilizes the body's natural healing process to generate new bone where it is needed. Some key advantages are that it causes little relapse, allows for larger movements than traditional bone grafts, can mold the new bone shape, and has lower morbidity. The technique was first developed in the early 1900s but was refined by Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavriel Ilizarov in the 1950s. It was later adapted for use in dental applications involving the mandible and maxilla.