This document discusses using the discriminant of a quadratic equation to determine the number and type of roots. It defines the discriminant as b^2 - 4ac and shows how its value relates to whether the roots are real or complex, rational or irrational. Examples are worked through, showing how to find the discriminant, roots, and sketch the graph. The key findings are summarized in a chart relating the value of the discriminant to the type and number of roots. Readers are then asked to find roots, sketch graphs, and evaluate discriminants for additional practice problems.
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9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
Radicals
Rational Exponents
Adding, Subtracting, and
Multiplying Radicals
Quotients, Powers,
and Rationalizing
Denominators
Solving Equations with
Radicals and Exponents
Complex Numbers
9
Radicals and Rational
Exponents
Just how cold is it in Fargo, North Dakota, in winter? According to local meteorol
ogists, the mercury hit a low of –33°F on January 18, 1994. But air temperature
alone is not always a reliable indicator of how cold you feel. On the same date,
the average wind velocity was 13.8 miles per hour. This dramatically affected how
cold people felt when they stepped outside. High winds along with cold temper
atures make exposed skin feel colder because the wind significantly speeds up
the loss of body heat. Meteorologists use the terms “wind chill factor,”“wind chill
index,” and “wind chill temperature” to take into account both air temperature
and wind velocity.
Through experimentation in Ant
arctica, Paul A. Siple developed a
formula in the 1940s that measures the
wind chill from the velocity of the wind
and the air temperature. His complex
formula involving the square root of
the velocity of the wind is still used
today to calculate wind chill temper
atures. Siple’s formula is unlike most
scientific formulas in that it is not
based on theory. Siple experimented
with various formulas involving wind
velocity and temperature until he
found a formula that seemed to predict
how cold the air felt.
W
in
d
ch
ill
te
m
pe
ra
tu
re
(
F
)
fo
r
25
F
a
ir
te
m
pe
ra
tu
re
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
Wind velocity (mph)
5 10 15 20 25 30
Siple s formula is stated
and used in Exercises 111
and 112 of Section 9.1.
dug84356_ch09a.qxd 9/14/10 2:11 PM Page 558
→
→
→
558 Chapter 9 Radicals and Rational Exponents 9-2
9.1 Radicals
In Section 4.1, you learned the basic facts about powers. In this section, you will
study roots and see how powers and roots are related.
In This Section
U1V Roots
U2V Roots and Variables
U3V Product Rule for Radicals
U4V Quotient Rule for Radicals U1V Roots
U5V Domain of a Radical We use the idea of roots to reverse powers. Because 32 = 9 and (-3)2 = 9, both 3 andExpression or Function
-3 are square roots of 9. Because 24 = 16 and (-2)4 = 16, both 2 and -2 are fourth
roots of 16. Because 23 = 8 and (-2)3 = -8, there is only one real cube root of 8 and
only one real cube root of -8. The cube root of 8 is 2 and the cube root of -8 is -2.
nth Roots
If a = bn for a positive integer n, then b is an nth root of a. If a = b2, then b is a
square root of a. If a = b3, then b is the cube root of a.
If n is a positive even integer and a is positive, then there are two real nth roots of
a. We call these roots even roots. The positive even root of a positive number is called
the prin ...
APEX INSTITUTE has been established with sincere and positive resolve to do something rewarding for ENGG. / PRE-MEDICAL aspirants. For this the APEX INSTITUTE has been instituted to provide a relentlessly motivating and competitive atmosphere.
We know that a number that can be written as \frac{p}{q}, where p and q are integers and q \neq 0, is known as RATIONAL NUMBERS. Thus, the set of the rational numbers contains all integers and fractions. The set of rational numbers is denoted by Q. Therefore, N \subseteq W \subseteq Z \subseteq Q.
C
h
a
p
t
e
r
dug84356_ch09a.qxd 9/14/10 2:11 PM Page 557
’
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
Radicals
Rational Exponents
Adding, Subtracting, and
Multiplying Radicals
Quotients, Powers,
and Rationalizing
Denominators
Solving Equations with
Radicals and Exponents
Complex Numbers
9
Radicals and Rational
Exponents
Just how cold is it in Fargo, North Dakota, in winter? According to local meteorol
ogists, the mercury hit a low of –33°F on January 18, 1994. But air temperature
alone is not always a reliable indicator of how cold you feel. On the same date,
the average wind velocity was 13.8 miles per hour. This dramatically affected how
cold people felt when they stepped outside. High winds along with cold temper
atures make exposed skin feel colder because the wind significantly speeds up
the loss of body heat. Meteorologists use the terms “wind chill factor,”“wind chill
index,” and “wind chill temperature” to take into account both air temperature
and wind velocity.
Through experimentation in Ant
arctica, Paul A. Siple developed a
formula in the 1940s that measures the
wind chill from the velocity of the wind
and the air temperature. His complex
formula involving the square root of
the velocity of the wind is still used
today to calculate wind chill temper
atures. Siple’s formula is unlike most
scientific formulas in that it is not
based on theory. Siple experimented
with various formulas involving wind
velocity and temperature until he
found a formula that seemed to predict
how cold the air felt.
W
in
d
ch
ill
te
m
pe
ra
tu
re
(
F
)
fo
r
25
F
a
ir
te
m
pe
ra
tu
re
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
Wind velocity (mph)
5 10 15 20 25 30
Siple s formula is stated
and used in Exercises 111
and 112 of Section 9.1.
dug84356_ch09a.qxd 9/14/10 2:11 PM Page 558
→
→
→
558 Chapter 9 Radicals and Rational Exponents 9-2
9.1 Radicals
In Section 4.1, you learned the basic facts about powers. In this section, you will
study roots and see how powers and roots are related.
In This Section
U1V Roots
U2V Roots and Variables
U3V Product Rule for Radicals
U4V Quotient Rule for Radicals U1V Roots
U5V Domain of a Radical We use the idea of roots to reverse powers. Because 32 = 9 and (-3)2 = 9, both 3 andExpression or Function
-3 are square roots of 9. Because 24 = 16 and (-2)4 = 16, both 2 and -2 are fourth
roots of 16. Because 23 = 8 and (-2)3 = -8, there is only one real cube root of 8 and
only one real cube root of -8. The cube root of 8 is 2 and the cube root of -8 is -2.
nth Roots
If a = bn for a positive integer n, then b is an nth root of a. If a = b2, then b is a
square root of a. If a = b3, then b is the cube root of a.
If n is a positive even integer and a is positive, then there are two real nth roots of
a. We call these roots even roots. The positive even root of a positive number is called
the prin ...
APEX INSTITUTE has been established with sincere and positive resolve to do something rewarding for ENGG. / PRE-MEDICAL aspirants. For this the APEX INSTITUTE has been instituted to provide a relentlessly motivating and competitive atmosphere.
We know that a number that can be written as \frac{p}{q}, where p and q are integers and q \neq 0, is known as RATIONAL NUMBERS. Thus, the set of the rational numbers contains all integers and fractions. The set of rational numbers is denoted by Q. Therefore, N \subseteq W \subseteq Z \subseteq Q.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
1. The Discriminant
Given a quadratic equation, can youuse the
discriminant to determine the nature
of the roots?
2. What is the discriminant?
The discriminant is the expression b2
– 4ac.
The value of the discriminant can be used
to determine the number and type of roots
of a quadratic equation.
3. How have we previously used the discriminant?
We used the discriminant to determine
whether a quadratic polynomial could
be factored.
If the value of the discriminant for a
quadratic polynomial is a perfect square,
the polynomial can be factored.
4. During this presentation, we will complete a chart
that shows how the value of the discriminant
relates to the number and type of roots of a
quadratic equation.
Rather than simply memorizing the chart, think
About the value of b
2
– 4ac under a square root
and what that means in relation to the roots of
the equation.
5. Use the quadratic formula to evaluate the first equation.
x2
– 5x – 14 = 0
What number is under the radical when
simplified?
81
What are the solutions of the equation?
–2 and 7
6. If the value of the discriminant is positive,
the equation will have 2 real roots.
If the value of the discriminant is a
perfect square, the roots will be rational.
7. Let’s look at the second equation.
2x2
+ x – 5 = 0
What number is under the radical when
simplified?
41
What are the solutions of the equation?
1 41
4
8. If the value of the discriminant is positive,
the equation will have 2 real roots.
If the value of the discriminant is a NOT
perfect square, the roots will be irrational.
9. Now for the third equation.
x2
– 10x + 25 = 0
What number is under the radical when
simplified?
0
What are the solutions of the equation?
5 ( 1 root)
10. If the value of the discriminant is zero,
the equation will have 1 real, root; it will
be a double root.
If the value of the discriminant is 0, the
roots will be rational.
11. Last but not least, the fourth equation.
4x2
– 9x + 7 = 0
What number is under the radical when
simplified?
–31
What are the solutions of the equation?
9 31
8
i
12. If the value of the discriminant is negative,
the equation will have 2 complex roots:
Imaginary numbers.
13. Let’s put all of that information in a chart.
Value of Discriminant
Type and
Number of Roots
Sample Graph
of Related Function
D > 0,
D is a perfect square
2 real,
rational roots
D > 0,
D NOT a perfect square
2 real,
Irrational roots
D = 0
1 real, rational root
(double root)
D < 0
2 complex roots
Imaginary numbers
14. Your Activity:
1.Fine the zeros (roots, solutions) of
each quadratic using the Quadratic
Formula
2.Sketch a graph of the solutions
indicating the x intercepts
3.Evaluate the Discriminant
15. Evaluate the discriminant. Describe the roots.
1. x
2
+ 14x + 49 = 0
2. x
2
+ 5x – 2 = 0
3. 3x
2
+ 8x + 11 = 0
4. x
2
+ 5x – 24 = 0
