This document defines and provides examples of different types of natural phenomena including: - Geological phenomena such as mineralogic and lithologic phenomena that are explained by geology. - Meteorological phenomena such as weather events involving temperature, pressure, and moisture that are studied at various scales. - Oceanographic phenomena under the sea like tsunamis and ocean currents. - Specific atmospheric optical phenomena like lenticular clouds and circumhorizontal arcs formed by ice crystals in cirrus clouds.

2. A natural phenomenon is not a man-made event. Examples
include sunrise, weather (fog, hurricanes, tornadoes), biological processes (decomposition,
germination), physical processes (wave propagation, conservation of energy, erosion), tidal
flow, and include natural disasters such as electromagnetic pulses, volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes
Lightning strikes during the
eruption of
theGalunggung volcano in
1982.

3. A geological phenomenon is a phenomenon which is explained by or sheds light on the
science of geology. Examples of geological phenomena are: Mineralogic phenomena.
Lithologic phenomena. Rock types.

4. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate, and are
explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist
in Earth's atmosphere; temperature, air pressure, water vapor, and the gradients and
interactions of each variable, and how they change in time. Different spatial scales are
studied to determine how systems on local, regional, and global levels impact weather and
climatology.

5. Oceanographic phenomena is phenomena that acts under the sea and affects the sea this
consists of tsunamis ,oceanic currents and breaking waves etc.

6. Lenticular clouds (Altocumulus lenticularis) are stationary lens-shaped clouds that form
in the troposphere, normally in perpendicular alignment to the wind direction. Lenticular
clouds can be separated into altocumulus standing lenticularis (ACSL), stratocumulus
standing lenticular (SCSL), and cirrocumulus standing lenticular (CCSL). Because of their
shape, they have been offered as an explanation for some Unidentified Flying Object (UFO)
sightings.

8. A circumhorizontal arc is an optical phenomenon - an ice-halo formed by plate-shaped
ice crystals in high level cirrus clouds.Other currently accepted names for the phenomenon
are circumhorizon arc or lower symmetric 46° plate arc.The misleading term "fire
rainbow" is sometimes used to describe these phenomena, although they are
neither rainbows, nor related in any way to fire. The name comes from its appearance as a
rainbow taking the shape of flames in the sky.The complete halo is a huge, multi-coloured
band running parallel to the horizon with its centre beneath the sun. The distance below
the sun is twice as far as the common 22-degree halo. Red is the uppermost colour. Often,
when the halo-forming cloud is small or patchy, only fragments of the arc are seen.

10. Landslide
Volcanic Eruption
Tsunami
Hurricane
Tornado
Earthquake
Flood
Drought
Thunderstorm

11. A landslide is a disaster involving elements of the ground, including rocks, trees, parts of
houses, and anything else which may happen to be swept up. Landslides can be caused by
an earthquake, volcanic eruptions, or general instability in the surrounding land.
Mudslides or mudflows, are a special case of landslides, in which heavy rainfall causes loose
soil on steep terrain to collapse and slide downwards.

12. A volcanic eruption is the point in which a volcano is active and releases lava and poisonous
gasses in to the air. They range from daily small eruptions to extremely infrequent
supervolcano eruptions (where the volcano expels at least 1,000 cubic kilometers of
material.) Some eruptions form pyroclastic flows, which are high-temperature clouds of
ash and steam that can travel down mountainsides at speeds exceeding that of an airliner.

13. A tsunami is a series of waves created when a body of water, such as an ocean, is rapidly
displaced. Earthquakes, mass movements above or below water, volcanic eruptions and
other underwater explosions, landslides, large meteorite impacts comet impacts and
testing with nuclear weapons at sea all have the potential to generate a tsunami. A tsunami
is not the same thing as a tidal wave, which will generally have a far less damaging effect
than a Tsunami.

14. Hurricanes, tropical cyclones, and typhoons are different names for the same phenomenon:
a cyclonic storm system that forms over the oceans. It is caused by evaporated water that
comes off of the ocean and becomes a storm. The Coriolis Effect causes the storms to spin,
and a hurricane is declared when this spinning mass of storms attains a wind speed greater
than 74 mph. Hurricane is used for these phenomena in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific
Oceans, tropical cyclone in the Indian, and typhoon in the western Pacific.

15. Tornadoes are violent, rotating columns of air which can blow at speeds between 50 and
300 mph, and possibly higher. Tornadoes can occur one at a time, or can occur in large
tornado outbreaks along squall lines or in other large areas of thunderstorm development.
Waterspouts are tornadoes occurring over water in light rain conditions.

16. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates
seismic waves. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a seismograph.
The magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported on the Richter scale, with
magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing
serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli
scale. At the Earth’s surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes
displacement of the ground.

17. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land, a deluge. It is usually
due to the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, exceeding the
total capacity of the body, and as a result some of the water flows or sits outside of the
normal perimeter of the body. It can also occur in rivers, when the strength of the river is so
high it flows right out of the river channel , usually at corners or meanders.

18. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region suffers a severe
deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently
below average rainfall. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of
the affected region. Although droughts can persist for several years, even a short, intense
drought can cause significant damage and harm the local economy.

19. A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, a lightning storm, or
a thundershower, is a type of storm characterized by the presence of lightning and
its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere known as thunder.[1] The meteorologically
assigned cloud type associated with the thunderstorm is the cumulonimbus.
Thunderstorms are usually accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain and
sometimes snow, sleet, hail, or no precipitation at all. Those that cause hail to fall are
called hailstorms. Thunderstorms may line up in a series or rainband, known as a squall
line. Strong or severe thunderstorms may rotate, known as supercells. While most
thunderstorms move with the mean wind flow through the layer of the troposphere that
they occupy, vertical wind shear causes a deviation in their course at a right angle to the
wind shear direction.