The document explores various natural and human-made disasters, highlighting their impacts on human life, infrastructure, and the environment. It details the deadliest disasters globally and specifically in India, including significant events like the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, along with their death tolls and damage costs. Additionally, it presents a classification of disasters while emphasizing their devastating effects on society and infrastructure.

2. Introduction Classification of disaster Natural disaster Human made disasters Human-induced disasters Top ten deadliest disasters Effect of the disasters on human life : *Top 10 disasters in India (sorted by no. of people killed) *Indian ocean earthquake 2004

3. *Yellow river flood 1931 *Kashmir earthquake 2005 *Bihar flood 2008 *leh cloudburst 2010 Damage caused to infrastructure due to disasters *Top 10 disasters in India (sorted by damage cost) *Tangshan earthquake 1976 *Bhopal disaster *Banqiao dam failure *India cyclone 1839

4. Damaged caused to Environment *Bhola cyclone 1970 *Kashmir earthquake 2005 *Russia heat-wave 2010 *Gujarat earthquake 2001

5. By Turner 1976 Disaster as an event concentrated in time and space which threatens the society or a relatively self-sufficient, sub-division of a society; with major unwanted consequences as a result of pre-cautions which are otherwise considered or unwanted.

6. Natural disasters Human made disasters Human induced disasters

7. rank event location date Death toll 1 China flood 1931 china July 1931 2,500,000 2 Yellow river flood 1887 china Sept. 1887 2,000,000 3 Shaonxi earthquake 1556 Shaanxi china Jan 1556 830,000 4 Bhola cyclone 1970 bangladesh Nov. 1970 500,000 5 India cyclone 1893 india Nov. 1893 300,000 6 Antioch earthuake turkey May 586 250,000 7 Tangshan earthquake 1976 china July 1976 242,419 8 Haiyun earthquake 1920 china Dec.1920 234,117 9 Indian ocean tsunami 2004 indonesia Dec.2004 230,210 10 Haiti earthuake 2010 haiti Jan.2010 222,000

9. rank disaster date killing 1 epidemic 1920 2,000,000 2 drought 1924 1,500,000 3 epidemic 1907 1,300,000 4 drought 1900 1,250,000 5 epidemic 1920 500,000 6 drought 1965 500,000 7 drought 1966 500,000 8 drought 1967 500,000 9 epidemic 1926 423,000 10 epidemic 1924 300,000

10. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI 2005 EPICENTER : WEST COAST SUMATRRA DATE: 26.DEC 2005 DEATH TOLL : 23O,OOO AND MANY INJURED MAGNITUDIE: 9.1Mw; IT WAS LARGE ENOUGH AS IT CAUSED ENTIRE PLANET TO VIBRATE

11. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI 2004 BEFORE AND AFTER G.I.S IMAGERY

12. YELLOW RIVER FLOOD 1931 LOCATION : CHINA DEATH TOLL : 1 TO 4 MILLION IT IS SAID TO BE THE DEADLIEST DISASTER EVER RECORDED DEATHS WERE CAUSED BY DROWNING, DISEASE AND ENSUING FAMINE

13. ANOTHER DEVASTATING VIEW OF YELLOW RIVER ALSO KNOWN AS “CHINA’S SORROW”

14. KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 2005 EPICENTER: MUZAFFARABAD DEATH TOLL IN PAKISTAN: 73,338 AND INJURED 100,OOO DEATH TOLL IN INDIA: 1,360 AND INJURED 6,266 DEATH TOLL IN AFGHANISTHAN: 4 AND INJURED 14

15. IT IS THE 18 TH DEADLIEST EARTHQUAKE EVER RECORDED

16. BIHAR FLOOD 2008 LOCATION: KOSI, BIHAR DEATH TOLL: 1000 OVER 2.3 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED MAIN CAUSE OF FLOODING IS RIVER CHANGING ITS COURSE

17. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS “SORROW OF BIHAR”

18. LEH CLOUDBRUST 2010 LOCATION: CHOGLUMSAR LEH, INDIA DEATH TOLL: 132 INJURY : 370 AROUND 5000 PEOPLE WHERE PRESENT AT TIME OF DISADTER ACC. TO J&K TOURISM ABOVE INFORMATION IS AS PER DATA RECEIVED ON 7 TH AUGUST 2010

20. rank disaster date Damage cost U.S $(000’S) 1 Flood July 2005 3,500,000 2 Earthquake Jan.2001 2,623,000 3 Wind-strom Oct.1999 2,500,000 4 flood June 2005 2,300,000 5 Wind-strom Aug.1990 2,200,000 6 Wind-strom may. 1990 1,300,000 7 flood Aug 2000 1,221,670 8 wave/surge Dec. 2004 1,022,800 9 flood June 1988 929,200 10 drought July 2002 910,721

21. TANGHSHAN EARTHQUAKE 1976 EPICENTER: TANGHSHAN, CHINA LOSS TO INFRASTRUCTURE: HIT THE INDUSTRIAL AREA, HAVING POPULATION OF ONE MILLION (DIRECT HIT TO MAJOR CITY) IT IS LARGEST EARTHQUAKE TO HIT MODERN WORLD MAGNITUDE: 7.8 Mw

22. BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY 1984 LOCATION: UCIL PESTICIDE PLANT, BHOPAL, M.P (INDIA) LOSS TO INFRASTUCTURE: WORLD’S WORST CATASTROPHE LEADING TO LONG TERM INDUSTRIAL CRSIS

23. BANQAIO DAM FAILURE 1975 LOCATION: BANQAIO DAM, CHINA LOSS TO INFRASTRUCTURE : 64 DAMS FAILED, AS THE DAM FAILED IT CAUSED LARGE WAVE , 10 KM HIGH , CREATED LAKE AS LARGE AS 12,000 KM IT LEAD TO DEATH OF 231,000 PEOPLE

24. I INDIA CYCLONE 1839 LOCATION: CORINGA LOSS TO INFRASTRUCTURE : 40 FOOT WAVE CAUSE ENOMOROUS CYCLONE, WIPED OUT THE CORINGA HARBOUR, THAT HAS NEVER BEEN RE-BUILT. 3000 PEOPLE GOT KILLED

26. BHOLA CYCLONE 1970 LOCATION: BANGLADESH LOSS TO ENVIORNMENT: DEALDLIEST CYCLONE EVER RECORDED, 500,000-1000,000 PEOPLE LOST LIVES. MANY SMALL LOW-LYING ISLANDS VANISHED, THE COASTLINE HIGHLY DAMAGED CYCLONE REACHED ITS PEAK OF 185 KM/H

27. KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 2005 EPICENTER: MUZAFFARBAD LOSS TO IENVIRONMENT: 3 MAIN DISTRICTS WERE BADLY EFFECTED AND MUZAFFARBAD THE CAPITAL CITY OF KASHMIR (PAKISTAN) WAS HARDEST HIT IN TERMS OF CASAULITIES AND DESTRUCTION HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS AND RESCUE SERVICE , ARMED FORCES WERE PARALYSED

28. MOSCOW HEAT –WAVE 2010 LOCATION: MOSCOW, RUSSIA LOSS TO ENVIRONMENT: MORE THAN 2000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN LEFT HOMELESS, ABOUT 341 HOMES DESTROYED BY FLAMES. TEMPERATURE RISEN TO 39 DEGREES CELSUIS, WARNING FROM HEALTH EXPERTS (PEOPLE WITH ASTHMA AND LUNG CONGESTION UNDER THREAT). LARGE DEGREE OF WHEAT CROP LOST

29. GUJRAT EARTHQUAKE 2001 EPICENTER: BHUJ, GUJRAT LOSS TO ENVIRONMENT: LOST 400,000 HOMES, SHOCK- WAVE SPREAD OVER 700 KM. OVER 1 MILLION STRUCTURES WERE DAMAGED INCLUDING MANY HISTORIC AND TOURIST ATTRACTIONS, IN AHMEDABAD 50 MULTI-STORED BUILDING COLLAPSED