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DIRECTED RESEARCH
                          Ray Mancini | Prof. Tom Klinkowstein | Tuesday, 6 pm




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?
                Most modern speech therapies have flaws,
                and no single technique works for everyone
                suffering from disfluency.

                Can design thinking possibly form the foundation
                for a new method of therapy?




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
HYPOTHESIS
                 This thesis presents the hypothesis that design methodology may offer a
                 partial solution to overarching flaws in modern day speech therapies.

                 In contrast to current stuttering approaches, which often set unrealistic
                 expectations of perfection or focus on only one area for improvement, design
                 thinking examines a problem from all sides and promotes experimentation.
                 A concept like the “T-shaped Designer”, emphasizing strong skill set in
                 conjunction with larger knowledge base, could offer a robust approach
                 currently not being utilized in the speech therapy field.

                 Such research and comparison could bring interdisciplinary insight into
                 understanding and circumventing the limited verbal communication of
                 stutterers.




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
FLAW / DESIGN COMPARISONS
                 FLAW     Expectation of perfection.
                 DESIGN   Mistakes are aesthetically desirable.

                 FLAW     Narrow treatment focus.
                 DESIGN   Look at all aspects of a problem (context, history, environment)
                          to achieve a successful solution.

                 FLAW     No streamlining/filtering of spoken content.
                 DESIGN   Simplify a larger message to its focused essence.

                 FLAW     Many “one-size-fits-all” approaches.
                 DESIGN   Every problem needs a unique approach.

                 FLAW     Limitations will never allow “normal” communication.
                 DESIGN   Limitations force us to be creative and explore different
                          techniques to communicate effectively.



Tuesday, July 19, 2011
INTERDISCIPLINARY INNOVATION
                ADRIAN HILL
                ARTIST, ART THERAPIST, EDUCATOR (1895-1977)


                                    Discovered the therapeutic benefits of drawing and
                                    painting while recovering from tuberculosis

                                    Coined the term ‘art therapy’

                                    Said the value of art therapy lay in ‘completely
                                    engrossing the mind (as well as the fingers)

                                    Suggested artistic work to his fellow inpatients, who were
                                    documented in 1945 in a book, under the title, “Art
                                    Versus Illness”




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
WIDENING ONE’S KNOWLEDGE BASE
                 TIM BROWN
                 CEO AND PRESIDENT OF IDEO


                                  Spoke of “T-shaped People, individuals with a deep skill set
                                  in their chosen field, plus a broader range of interdisciplinary
                                  and social skills.

                                  Able to explore insights from many different perspectives
                                  and recognize patterns of behavior.




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
CONTINUOUS EXPERIMENTATION
                 MALCOLM FRASER
                 PHILANTHROPIST, BUSINESSMAN, STUTTERER (1903 - 1994)


                                   Founded the Stuttering Foundation of America using
                                   $10 million of his own money

                                   Authored “Self-Therapy for the Stutterer”, providing
                                   guidance for stutterers to help themselves without
                                   conventional therapy.




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
OUTLINE
                  MY STORY


                  PROBLEM / HYPOTHESIS


                  SPEECH DISFLUENCY

                         • Overview
                         • Types of Available Therapies
                         • Therapy Shortcomings / Flaws

                  DESIGN METHODOLOGY

                         • Overview
                         • Evolution of design methodologies through history
                         • Specific design thinkers
                         • Specific design methodologies




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
VALORIZED DESIGNER #1
                 “The valorized designer should see design for its major potential contribution
                 to making the quality of life richer and more sustainable.”

                 My thesis has the potential to alter in the lives of many stutterers, including
                 myself. The final output may be a new and unique addition to the fields of
                 design AND speech therapy.




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
VALORIZED DESIGNER #2
                 “It is important that (designers) see how the ideas they are studying are
                 changing: where the ideas have come from, how they have changed, and how
                 they may develop.”

                 By studying historical and contemporary design methodologies and speech
                 therapies, I can arrive at a well-informed solution for my thesis.




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
VALORIZED DESIGNER #3
                 “The valorized designer will be able to evaluate design as an integral and
                 integrated part of a particular society.”

                 My thesis may potentially show how design thinking can aid a very large
                 group of people afflicted with a severe limitation. This places design in
                 direct relation to a stuttering community that may not yet be aware of
                 design’s potential to add significantly to their conversation.




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
RESEARCH SOURCES
                  SPEECH THERAPY
                  • National Stuttering Association (NSA)
                  • Stuttering Foundation of America
                  • British Stammering Association (BSA)
                  • Various Therapists
                  • Specific therapy cases
                  • My own current experiences and the experiences of others

                  INNOVATORS IN DESIGN THINKING
                  • IDEO - Tim Brown, David Kelley
                  • Roger Martin

                  DESIGN THEORIES / APPROACHES
                  1. T-shaped Designers
                  2. Transition Theory
                  3. Analytic vs. Intuitive Thinking
                  4. Other interdisciplinary applications of design thinking




Tuesday, July 19, 2011
ADJACENT APPLICATIONS
                  Besides Speech Therapy, the hypothesis and research presented here could
                  possibly be applied to other physical or mental disabilities




Tuesday, July 19, 2011

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Directed research final

  • 1. DIRECTED RESEARCH Ray Mancini | Prof. Tom Klinkowstein | Tuesday, 6 pm Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 2. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? Most modern speech therapies have flaws, and no single technique works for everyone suffering from disfluency. Can design thinking possibly form the foundation for a new method of therapy? Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 3. HYPOTHESIS This thesis presents the hypothesis that design methodology may offer a partial solution to overarching flaws in modern day speech therapies. In contrast to current stuttering approaches, which often set unrealistic expectations of perfection or focus on only one area for improvement, design thinking examines a problem from all sides and promotes experimentation. A concept like the “T-shaped Designer”, emphasizing strong skill set in conjunction with larger knowledge base, could offer a robust approach currently not being utilized in the speech therapy field. Such research and comparison could bring interdisciplinary insight into understanding and circumventing the limited verbal communication of stutterers. Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 4. FLAW / DESIGN COMPARISONS FLAW Expectation of perfection. DESIGN Mistakes are aesthetically desirable. FLAW Narrow treatment focus. DESIGN Look at all aspects of a problem (context, history, environment) to achieve a successful solution. FLAW No streamlining/filtering of spoken content. DESIGN Simplify a larger message to its focused essence. FLAW Many “one-size-fits-all” approaches. DESIGN Every problem needs a unique approach. FLAW Limitations will never allow “normal” communication. DESIGN Limitations force us to be creative and explore different techniques to communicate effectively. Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 5. INTERDISCIPLINARY INNOVATION ADRIAN HILL ARTIST, ART THERAPIST, EDUCATOR (1895-1977) Discovered the therapeutic benefits of drawing and painting while recovering from tuberculosis Coined the term ‘art therapy’ Said the value of art therapy lay in ‘completely engrossing the mind (as well as the fingers) Suggested artistic work to his fellow inpatients, who were documented in 1945 in a book, under the title, “Art Versus Illness” Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 6. WIDENING ONE’S KNOWLEDGE BASE TIM BROWN CEO AND PRESIDENT OF IDEO Spoke of “T-shaped People, individuals with a deep skill set in their chosen field, plus a broader range of interdisciplinary and social skills. Able to explore insights from many different perspectives and recognize patterns of behavior. Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 7. CONTINUOUS EXPERIMENTATION MALCOLM FRASER PHILANTHROPIST, BUSINESSMAN, STUTTERER (1903 - 1994) Founded the Stuttering Foundation of America using $10 million of his own money Authored “Self-Therapy for the Stutterer”, providing guidance for stutterers to help themselves without conventional therapy. Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 8. OUTLINE MY STORY PROBLEM / HYPOTHESIS SPEECH DISFLUENCY • Overview • Types of Available Therapies • Therapy Shortcomings / Flaws DESIGN METHODOLOGY • Overview • Evolution of design methodologies through history • Specific design thinkers • Specific design methodologies Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 9. VALORIZED DESIGNER #1 “The valorized designer should see design for its major potential contribution to making the quality of life richer and more sustainable.” My thesis has the potential to alter in the lives of many stutterers, including myself. The final output may be a new and unique addition to the fields of design AND speech therapy. Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 10. VALORIZED DESIGNER #2 “It is important that (designers) see how the ideas they are studying are changing: where the ideas have come from, how they have changed, and how they may develop.” By studying historical and contemporary design methodologies and speech therapies, I can arrive at a well-informed solution for my thesis. Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 11. VALORIZED DESIGNER #3 “The valorized designer will be able to evaluate design as an integral and integrated part of a particular society.” My thesis may potentially show how design thinking can aid a very large group of people afflicted with a severe limitation. This places design in direct relation to a stuttering community that may not yet be aware of design’s potential to add significantly to their conversation. Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 12. RESEARCH SOURCES SPEECH THERAPY • National Stuttering Association (NSA) • Stuttering Foundation of America • British Stammering Association (BSA) • Various Therapists • Specific therapy cases • My own current experiences and the experiences of others INNOVATORS IN DESIGN THINKING • IDEO - Tim Brown, David Kelley • Roger Martin DESIGN THEORIES / APPROACHES 1. T-shaped Designers 2. Transition Theory 3. Analytic vs. Intuitive Thinking 4. Other interdisciplinary applications of design thinking Tuesday, July 19, 2011
  • 13. ADJACENT APPLICATIONS Besides Speech Therapy, the hypothesis and research presented here could possibly be applied to other physical or mental disabilities Tuesday, July 19, 2011