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Dinosaurs types
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- 2. ANIMALS CLASSIFICATION THEIR STRUCTURE THE FOOD THEY EAT THEIR REDRODUCTION •CARNIVOROUS (animals) • HERBIVOROUS (plants) • OMNIVOROUS (animals + plants) • VIVIPAROUS (womb - live young) • OVIPAROUS (eggs) • OVOVIVIPAROUS (eggs hatch inside womb - live young) • INVERTEBRATE (arthropods, mollusks, worms, echinoderms, sponges) -> no backbone • VERTEBRATE -> backbone MAMMALS BIRDS FISH REPTILES AMPHIBIANS ACCORDING TO:
- 4. DINOSAURS The word dinosaurmeans “fearfully-great lizard”. They were oviparous, that is, they laid eggs. The way the bones fit together gives a basic idea of the dinosaur's shape and posture. Flat, leaf-shaped teeth mean that the dinosaur ate plants. Sharp, pointed teeth suggest that it ate meat. The proportions of the leg bones relate to how fast the dinosaur could run. Cavities in the skull suggest how well it could see and hear. They appear in shades of gray, brown and green. But it's just as likely that dinosaurs had the bright coloring of some frogs, snakes and birds. Did dinosaurs have scales or feathers? Bumps called quill barbs on the bones mean the dinosaur had feathers -- some Velociraptor specimens have these barbs. The absence of quill barbs doesn't prove that an animal was featherless, and feathers themselves decompose long before bone turns to fossil. In terms of appearance, dinosaurs had some avian traits and some reptilian traits. That is, they were like reptiles and birds. Larger dinosaurs maintained body temperatures like mammals (38º) whereas smaller ones more closely resembled modern reptiles (32º), not like birds (40º). They had thick, tough, dry and scaly skin.
- 5. DINOSAUR CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THEIRHIPS (PELVIS):
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- 7. SAURISCHIAN (LIZARD HIPPED) DINOSAURS CARNIVOROUS
- 8. SAURISCHIAN (LIZARD HIPPED) DINOSAURS HERBIVOROUS
- 9. ORNITHISCHIAN (BIRD HIPPED) DINOSAURS HERBIVOROUS
- 12. DINOSAUR EGGS Depending onthe type of dinosaur, they had different size (length, diameter), thickness (of the shell), pores and surface (may be ornamented). Sauropods (long-necked dinos) laid medium size spheroidal eggs underground (like turtles), normally five in five. Carnivorous theropods laid elongated eggs in the shape of a round nest (like a volcano) and incubated them like birds do today.
- 13. DINOSAUR FOOD, MOUTH &TEETH Carnivorous theropods had sharp teeth (like fangs) Sauropods (long-necked dinos), ceratopsians,… used their blunt teeth (spoon shaped) to pull up the leaves of the trees, but they did not chew them, just swallowed them. This is why they ate gastroliths (rocks), to help them grind food inside their stomach. The triceratops had a parrot-like beak and small teeth. Other dinosaurs had a mouth like the bill of a duck. And other ones had leaf-shaped teeth.
- 14. PALEONTOLOGISTS They are scientists(geologists) who study fossils. Paleontological research includes working out the relationships between extinct animals and plants and their living relatives. They reconstruct early communities and their environments and try to understand the changes that have led to those of the present day. So that, they try to understand and explain how dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. He was the 1st scientist to call “dinosaur” to these animals. Fossils found by paleontologists are taken to museums where they are reconstructed in order to people imagine what real dinosaurs were like. In Spain, the most important dinosaur museums are in La Rioja, Cantabria, Madrid and Teruel, places where more fossil remains have been found.
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- 16. T-REX STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTHOviparous FOOD Carnivorous BODY PARTS Huge head, 2 short arms, long tail, 2 long powerful legs. OTHER BODY CHARACTERISTICS Large powerful jaws, long sharp conical teeth, two-fingered hands with sharp claws, clawed feet. LOCOMOTION Biped (animal with 2 feet) HIP STRUCTURE Saurischian (Lizard hipped) SIZE LONG: 12-13 m. (40-43 feet) TALL: 4,5-6 m. (15-20 feet) WEIGHT Around 8.000 kilograms (9 tons) BREATHING Lungs BLOOD CIRCULATION Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels. TIME PERIOD During the Upper Cretaceous (around 65 million years ago) PLACE North America, in river valleys and forests ACTIONS Walk, destroy, attack, hunt and kill other dinosaurs, bite,… CURIOSITIES They had the most powerful bite of any terrestrial animal that has ever lived and a life span of around 30 years. Their arms were too short to reach their mouth.
- 18. BRACHIOSAURUS STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTHOviparous FOOD Herbivorous BODY PARTS Small head, long neck, short tail (compared to other Sauropods), 4 legs. OTHER BODY CHARACTERISTICS Thick jaw bones with spoon-shaped teeth, forelegs larger than hindlegs. LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet) HIP STRUCTURE Saurischian (Lizard hipped) SIZE LONG: 24-26 m. (80-85 feet) NECK: 9-12 m. (30-40 feet) TALL: 12-15 m. (40-50 feet) TAIL: 7,5-10,7 m. (25-35 feet) WEIGHT Between 30.000-80.000 kilograms (33-88 tons) BREATHING Lungs BLOOD CIRCULATION Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels. TIME PERIOD During the Late Jurassic (around 150 million years ago) PLACE North America, in forest plains. ACTIONS Walk. defend themselves using their tail, eat plants from very high trees,... CURIOSITIES They had a giant heart to pump blood to the brain (through their long neck), air sacs in their neck and trunk and a deep ribcage. Name means “arm lizard”. They used their tail to defend against enemies. They ate 200-400 kilograms (440-880 pounds) of plants everyday.
- 20. CORYTHOSAURUS STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTHOviparous FOOD Herbivorous BODY PARTS Small head, short neck, four legs and a tail. OTHER BODY CHARACTERISTICS Short skull with a high helmet-like crest, a narrow beak (duck-billed). It had spines. LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet) or biped (2 feet) HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped) SIZE LONG: 9 m. (29,5 feet) TALL: 2,5 m. (8,2 feet) WEIGHT 3600 kilograms (4 tons) BREATHING Lungs BLOOD CIRCULATION Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels. TIME PERIOD During the Late Cretaceous (around 65 million years ago) PLACE North America, in forest plains. ACTIONS Walk. run, eat plants from high trees,... CURIOSITIES Name means “helmet lizard”, as the crest resembles a helmet from Corinth, a city in Ancient Greece. They had a great sense of hearing.
- 22. TRICERATOPS STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTHOviparous FOOD Herbivorous BODY PARTS Huge skull (3 m. long = 10 feet), four strong legs and a tail. OTHER BODY CHARACTERISTICS Parrot-like beak and horns on its face: a single short horn above on the snout and two horns (each around 1 metre - 3,3 feet long) above each eye and bony frill at the back of its head. LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet) HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped) SIZE LONG: 8 m. (26 feet) TALL: 3 m. (10 feet) TAIL: 7,5-10,7 m. (25-35 feet) WEIGHT Between 5.500-11.000 kilograms (6-12 tons) BREATHING Lungs BLOOD CIRCULATION Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels. TIME PERIOD During the Late Cretaceous (around 65 million years ago) PLACE North America, in forest plains. ACTIONS Walk. run, swim, defend themselves using their horns,… CURIOSITIES They had anywhere between 400-800 teeth. Name means “Three-horned face”. They used their horns to protect themselves from the T-Rex. Some species could have carried bristle- like structures (brush: stiff filament).
- 24. KENTROSAURUS STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTHOviparous FOOD Herbivorous BODY PARTS Small head, a long neck, short forelegs and long hindlegs, and a long, horizontal and muscular tail. OTHER BODY CHARACTERISTICS Plates and spikes running along both sides of the top mid-line of the animal. The spikes and plates were likely covered by horn. It had a narrow skull with a very small brain (size of a walnut) and a beak that didn’t contain any teeth. Its body was covered in a lot of armour. LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet) HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped) SIZE LONG: 5,5 m. (18 feet) TALL: 2 m. (6,5 feet) TAIL: 2-2,5 m. (6,5-8 feet) WEIGHT Around 2000 kilograms (Around 2 tons) BREATHING Lungs BLOOD CIRCULATION Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels. TIME PERIOD During the Late Jurassic (around 150 million years ago) PLACE Africa, Tanzania. ACTIONS Walk, swing their tail quickly, run as fast as a polar bear, fan themselves with their plates, defend themselves using the spikes of their tail,… CURIOSITIES Name means “Spiked lizard”. They had a great sense of smell.
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- 27. PTERODACTYLUS (BIRD) STRUCTURE VertebrateBIRTH Oviparous FOOD Carnivorous. They ate fish and insects. BODY PARTS Long skull with a short rounded crest on the back of it, long curved neck, short tail and wings that stretched from the top of the legs to the elongated fourth finger. OTHER BODY CHARACTERISTICS Large brain, good eyesight, long straight and pointed jaw with small sharp teeth, throat pouch, LOCOMOTION Biped (animal with 2 feet) HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped) SIZE LONG: almost 1 m. (2,5- 3,1 feet) wide wingspan WEIGHT Between 1- 4,5 kilograms (2-10 pounds) BREATHING Lungs BLOOD CIRCULATION Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels. TIME PERIOD During the Late Jurassic (around 150 million years ago) PLACE Europe (UK, France, Germany) and Africa (Tanzania), in coastal environments, near water. ACTIONS Flap their wings and fly long distances. CURIOSITIES Name means “Winged-finger”. Their bones ones were hollow. They were probably diurnal. Suggested that they were cold-blooded.
- 29. MEGALODON (FISH) STRUCTURE VertebrateBIRTH Oviparous FOOD Carnivorous. BODY PARTS Big head, some fins and a tail. OTHER BODY CHARACTERISTICS It was giant. It had a large jaw with thick, sharp and robust teeth. LOCOMOTION No legs. HIP STRUCTURE - SIZE LONG: 18 m. (59 feet) wide wingspan WEIGHT Between 1- 4,5 kilograms (2-10 pounds) BREATHING Gills BLOOD CIRCULATION - TIME PERIOD From the early Miocene Epoch (which began 23 million years ago) to the end of the Pliocene Epoch (about 2.6 million years ago). PLACE Many places around the world, bordering all oceans. ACTIONS Swim, dive, hunt and kill other animals,… CURIOSITIES Name means “Big teeth”. It is related to the great white shark. They preferred warm waters. It is the largest fish that ever lived.