2. ANIMALS
CLASSIFICATION
THEIR
STRUCTURE
THE FOOD
THEY EAT
THEIR
REDRODUCTION
• CARNIVOROUS
(animals)
• HERBIVOROUS
(plants)
• OMNIVOROUS
(animals + plants)
• VIVIPAROUS
(womb - live young)
• OVIPAROUS
(eggs)
• OVOVIVIPAROUS
(eggs hatch inside
womb - live young)
• INVERTEBRATE
(arthropods, mollusks,
worms, echinoderms,
sponges) -> no backbone
• VERTEBRATE ->
backbone
MAMMALS
BIRDS
FISH
REPTILES
AMPHIBIANS
ACCORDING TO:
3.
4. DINOSAURS
The word dinosaur means
“fearfully-great lizard”.
They were oviparous, that is, they laid
eggs.
The way the bones fit together gives a
basic idea of the dinosaur's shape and
posture.
Flat, leaf-shaped teeth mean that the
dinosaur ate plants. Sharp, pointed
teeth suggest that it ate meat.
The proportions of the leg bones
relate to how fast the dinosaur could
run.
Cavities in the skull suggest how
well it could see and hear.
They appear in shades of gray, brown
and green. But it's just as likely that
dinosaurs had the bright coloring of
some frogs, snakes and birds.
Did dinosaurs have scales or
feathers?
Bumps called quill barbs on the bones
mean the dinosaur had feathers -- some
Velociraptor specimens have these barbs.
The absence of quill barbs doesn't prove
that an animal was featherless, and
feathers themselves decompose long
before bone turns to fossil. In terms of appearance, dinosaurs had
some avian traits and some reptilian
traits. That is, they were like reptiles and
birds.
Larger dinosaurs maintained body
temperatures like mammals (38º) whereas
smaller ones more closely resembled
modern reptiles (32º), not like birds (40º). They had thick, tough, dry and scaly
skin.
12. DINOSAUR EGGS
Depending on the type of dinosaur, they had different size (length,
diameter), thickness (of the shell), pores and surface (may be ornamented).
Sauropods (long-necked dinos) laid
medium size spheroidal eggs
underground (like turtles), normally
five in five.
Carnivorous theropods laid
elongated eggs in the shape of a
round nest (like a volcano) and
incubated them like birds do today.
13. DINOSAUR FOOD, MOUTH
& TEETH
Carnivorous theropods had
sharp teeth (like fangs)
Sauropods (long-necked dinos),
ceratopsians,… used their blunt teeth (spoon
shaped) to pull up the leaves of the trees, but they
did not chew them, just swallowed them. This is
why they ate gastroliths (rocks), to help them
grind food inside their stomach.
The triceratops had a
parrot-like beak and
small teeth.
Other dinosaurs had a mouth like the
bill of a duck. And other ones had
leaf-shaped teeth.
14. PALEONTOLOGISTS
They are scientists (geologists) who study fossils. Paleontological research
includes working out the relationships between extinct animals and plants
and their living relatives. They reconstruct early communities and their
environments and try to understand the changes that have led to those of the
present day. So that, they try to understand and explain how dinosaurs lived
millions of years ago.
He was the 1st scientist to call
“dinosaur” to these animals.
Fossils found by paleontologists are taken
to museums where they are reconstructed
in order to people imagine what real
dinosaurs were like. In Spain, the most
important dinosaur museums are in La
Rioja, Cantabria, Madrid and Teruel,
places where more fossil remains have
been found.
16. T-REX
STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTH Oviparous
FOOD Carnivorous
BODY PARTS Huge head, 2 short arms, long tail, 2 long powerful legs.
OTHER BODY
CHARACTERISTICS
Large powerful jaws, long sharp conical teeth, two-fingered hands with sharp
claws, clawed feet.
LOCOMOTION Biped (animal with 2 feet)
HIP STRUCTURE Saurischian (Lizard hipped)
SIZE LONG: 12-13 m. (40-43 feet) TALL: 4,5-6 m. (15-20 feet)
WEIGHT Around 8.000 kilograms (9 tons)
BREATHING Lungs
BLOOD CIRCULATION Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels.
TIME PERIOD During the Upper Cretaceous (around 65 million years ago)
PLACE North America, in river valleys and forests
ACTIONS Walk, destroy, attack, hunt and kill other dinosaurs, bite,…
CURIOSITIES They had the most powerful bite of any terrestrial animal that has ever lived
and a life span of around 30 years. Their arms were too short to reach their
mouth.
17.
18. BRACHIOSAURUS
STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTH Oviparous
FOOD Herbivorous
BODY PARTS Small head, long neck, short tail (compared to other Sauropods), 4 legs.
OTHER BODY
CHARACTERISTICS
Thick jaw bones with spoon-shaped teeth, forelegs larger than hindlegs.
LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet)
HIP STRUCTURE Saurischian (Lizard hipped)
SIZE LONG: 24-26 m. (80-85 feet) NECK: 9-12 m. (30-40 feet)
TALL: 12-15 m. (40-50 feet) TAIL: 7,5-10,7 m. (25-35 feet)
WEIGHT Between 30.000-80.000 kilograms (33-88 tons)
BREATHING Lungs
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels.
TIME PERIOD During the Late Jurassic (around 150 million years ago)
PLACE North America, in forest plains.
ACTIONS Walk. defend themselves using their tail, eat plants from very high trees,...
CURIOSITIES They had a giant heart to pump blood to the brain (through their long neck), air sacs in their
neck and trunk and a deep ribcage. Name means “arm lizard”. They used their tail to
defend against enemies. They ate 200-400 kilograms (440-880 pounds) of plants everyday.
19.
20. CORYTHOSAURUS
STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTH Oviparous
FOOD Herbivorous
BODY PARTS Small head, short neck, four legs and a tail.
OTHER BODY
CHARACTERISTICS
Short skull with a high helmet-like crest, a narrow beak (duck-billed). It had spines.
LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet) or biped (2 feet)
HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped)
SIZE LONG: 9 m. (29,5 feet) TALL: 2,5 m. (8,2 feet)
WEIGHT 3600 kilograms (4 tons)
BREATHING Lungs
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels.
TIME PERIOD During the Late Cretaceous (around 65 million years ago)
PLACE North America, in forest plains.
ACTIONS Walk. run, eat plants from high trees,...
CURIOSITIES Name means “helmet lizard”, as the crest resembles a helmet from Corinth, a city in
Ancient Greece. They had a great sense of hearing.
21.
22. TRICERATOPS
STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTH Oviparous
FOOD Herbivorous
BODY PARTS Huge skull (3 m. long = 10 feet), four strong legs and a tail.
OTHER BODY
CHARACTERISTICS
Parrot-like beak and horns on its face: a single short horn above on the snout and two
horns (each around 1 metre - 3,3 feet long) above each eye and bony frill at the back of its
head.
LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet)
HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped)
SIZE LONG: 8 m. (26 feet) TALL: 3 m. (10 feet) TAIL: 7,5-10,7 m. (25-35 feet)
WEIGHT Between 5.500-11.000 kilograms (6-12 tons)
BREATHING Lungs
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels.
TIME PERIOD During the Late Cretaceous (around 65 million years ago)
PLACE North America, in forest plains.
ACTIONS Walk. run, swim, defend themselves using their horns,…
CURIOSITIES They had anywhere between 400-800 teeth. Name means “Three-horned face”. They used
their horns to protect themselves from the T-Rex. Some species could have carried bristle-
like structures (brush: stiff filament).
23.
24. KENTROSAURUS
STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTH Oviparous
FOOD Herbivorous
BODY PARTS Small head, a long neck, short forelegs and long hindlegs, and a long, horizontal and
muscular tail.
OTHER BODY
CHARACTERISTICS
Plates and spikes running along both sides of the top mid-line of the animal. The spikes
and plates were likely covered by horn. It had a narrow skull with a very small brain (size of
a walnut) and a beak that didn’t contain any teeth. Its body was covered in a lot of armour.
LOCOMOTION Quadruped (animal with 4 feet)
HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped)
SIZE LONG: 5,5 m. (18 feet) TALL: 2 m. (6,5 feet) TAIL: 2-2,5 m. (6,5-8 feet)
WEIGHT Around 2000 kilograms (Around 2 tons)
BREATHING Lungs
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels.
TIME PERIOD During the Late Jurassic (around 150 million years ago)
PLACE Africa, Tanzania.
ACTIONS Walk, swing their tail quickly, run as fast as a polar bear, fan themselves with their plates,
defend themselves using the spikes of their tail,…
CURIOSITIES Name means “Spiked lizard”. They had a great sense of smell.
27. PTERODACTYLUS (BIRD)
STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTH Oviparous
FOOD Carnivorous. They ate fish and insects.
BODY PARTS Long skull with a short rounded crest on the back of it, long curved neck, short tail and
wings that stretched from the top of the legs to the elongated fourth finger.
OTHER BODY
CHARACTERISTICS
Large brain, good eyesight, long straight and pointed jaw with small sharp teeth, throat
pouch,
LOCOMOTION Biped (animal with 2 feet)
HIP STRUCTURE Ornithischian (Bird hipped)
SIZE LONG: almost 1 m. (2,5- 3,1 feet) wide wingspan
WEIGHT Between 1- 4,5 kilograms (2-10 pounds)
BREATHING Lungs
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
Four (incompletely) chambered heart and blood vessels.
TIME PERIOD During the Late Jurassic (around 150 million years ago)
PLACE Europe (UK, France, Germany) and Africa (Tanzania), in coastal environments, near water.
ACTIONS Flap their wings and fly long distances.
CURIOSITIES Name means “Winged-finger”. Their bones ones were hollow. They were probably diurnal.
Suggested that they were cold-blooded.
28.
29. MEGALODON (FISH)
STRUCTURE Vertebrate BIRTH Oviparous
FOOD Carnivorous.
BODY PARTS Big head, some fins and a tail.
OTHER BODY
CHARACTERISTICS
It was giant. It had a large jaw with thick, sharp and robust teeth.
LOCOMOTION No legs.
HIP STRUCTURE -
SIZE LONG: 18 m. (59 feet) wide wingspan
WEIGHT Between 1- 4,5 kilograms (2-10 pounds)
BREATHING Gills
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
-
TIME PERIOD From the early Miocene Epoch (which began 23 million years ago) to the end of the
Pliocene Epoch (about 2.6 million years ago).
PLACE Many places around the world, bordering all oceans.
ACTIONS Swim, dive, hunt and kill other animals,…
CURIOSITIES Name means “Big teeth”. It is related to the great white shark. They preferred warm waters.
It is the largest fish that ever lived.
