Young girls in developed countries are primarily affected with eating disorders. Persons with anorexia are honest, do not disobey, and hide their inner feeling, tend to be good in whatever they do and often excellent athletes. Research says that anorexia people eat less to gain a sense of control over their lives.
Review of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa for Mankindijsrd.com
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are not called as a disease, but the today mankind is suffering from it. Hence, the present review of studies of literature is an important prerequisite for actual planning and then execution of any research work. The research workers need to acquire up-to-date information on what has been thought and said in a particular area so that they can derive benefit from the work of their predecessors.
Presenter: Myles Faith, PhD
From: UB Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, Colloquium Series (April 4, 2017)
More: gse.buffalo.edu/alberticenter
........
This presentation addresses the emerging science of weight teasing and bullying (WTB) towards obese youth. WTB appears to be very common among obese children when looking to community- and clinic-based studies examining prevalence. Interestingly, WTB is much more common among obese youth than is high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes. This talk also examines the challenges of assessing WTB among children, as well as gold-standard measurement tools in the field. A concern of WTB is its comorbidities: poorer body image, depression, suicidality, disordered eating and poorer academic performance. The issue of coping with WTB is also discussed, and how certain coping styles may help protect children against the detrimental effects of WTB. Finally, opportunities for new research are discussed. In sum, WTB may be dismissed by some parents, teachers or child health care providers (“sticks and stones may break your bones…”); however, the emerging data suggest the issue can be quite problematic for overweight youth.
Personality Factors as Related to Stresses among Parents of Mentally Sub-Norm...inventionjournals
The purpose of the present investigation was to study personality factors as related to stresses
among parents of mentally sub-normal children. To measure the level of stress 30 item stress factor scale based
on (Olley, Brieger and Olley, 1997) and for measuring personality, 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire Hindi
adaptation by S.D.Kapoor (1970) was administered to 150 parents of mentally sub-normal children. Subjects
were in the age range of 35 to 55 years and were residents of the city of Meerut. The high and low scorer on
different factors of 16 PF were compared in respect of their stress level in 6 areas namely, hospital factors,
disease factors, financial factors, familial factors, psychological factors. Result indicates that out of 16
personality factors 7 factors A, B, E, F, H, O and Q4 were found to be significant in contributing to stress level
of the respondents. However a majority of personality factors like C,G,I,L,M,N,Q1, Q2 and Q3 were found to be
insignificant in corroborating the stress level of the subject.
?A landmark study and the many since that have supported the initial results have led to a growing consensus on the need for policies and practices to prevent, intervene, and promote healing" #AdverseChildhoodExperiences
family health refers to the health status of members belonging to family to the problems affecting their health and totality of health care provided to the family
Review of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa for Mankindijsrd.com
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are not called as a disease, but the today mankind is suffering from it. Hence, the present review of studies of literature is an important prerequisite for actual planning and then execution of any research work. The research workers need to acquire up-to-date information on what has been thought and said in a particular area so that they can derive benefit from the work of their predecessors.
Presenter: Myles Faith, PhD
From: UB Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, Colloquium Series (April 4, 2017)
More: gse.buffalo.edu/alberticenter
........
This presentation addresses the emerging science of weight teasing and bullying (WTB) towards obese youth. WTB appears to be very common among obese children when looking to community- and clinic-based studies examining prevalence. Interestingly, WTB is much more common among obese youth than is high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes. This talk also examines the challenges of assessing WTB among children, as well as gold-standard measurement tools in the field. A concern of WTB is its comorbidities: poorer body image, depression, suicidality, disordered eating and poorer academic performance. The issue of coping with WTB is also discussed, and how certain coping styles may help protect children against the detrimental effects of WTB. Finally, opportunities for new research are discussed. In sum, WTB may be dismissed by some parents, teachers or child health care providers (“sticks and stones may break your bones…”); however, the emerging data suggest the issue can be quite problematic for overweight youth.
Personality Factors as Related to Stresses among Parents of Mentally Sub-Norm...inventionjournals
The purpose of the present investigation was to study personality factors as related to stresses
among parents of mentally sub-normal children. To measure the level of stress 30 item stress factor scale based
on (Olley, Brieger and Olley, 1997) and for measuring personality, 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire Hindi
adaptation by S.D.Kapoor (1970) was administered to 150 parents of mentally sub-normal children. Subjects
were in the age range of 35 to 55 years and were residents of the city of Meerut. The high and low scorer on
different factors of 16 PF were compared in respect of their stress level in 6 areas namely, hospital factors,
disease factors, financial factors, familial factors, psychological factors. Result indicates that out of 16
personality factors 7 factors A, B, E, F, H, O and Q4 were found to be significant in contributing to stress level
of the respondents. However a majority of personality factors like C,G,I,L,M,N,Q1, Q2 and Q3 were found to be
insignificant in corroborating the stress level of the subject.
?A landmark study and the many since that have supported the initial results have led to a growing consensus on the need for policies and practices to prevent, intervene, and promote healing" #AdverseChildhoodExperiences
family health refers to the health status of members belonging to family to the problems affecting their health and totality of health care provided to the family
This presentation about mental health, Factor Affecting the Health, Mental illness, Psychological and physiological symptoms of mental disorders,Common mental disorders (depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, addictive behaviors and Alzheimer’s disease), prevention and promotion program, Types of behavioral therapy, Factors contribute to the achievement of mental health.
mental health mo na na na na na na song lyrics pikit naman e 😭 and i don't ha...MauriaPaglicawan
hey I got a gf like a nice sleep well I love love love you too I will be there in about kay king of the world baby I love love love e a lot of education phone ko sa'kin mahal just want to say na Miata na nga po ako ng pagkain ko mahal e and ako na na song lyrics 'no ba 'yan mahal e a nice sleep well I love love love again aaaaaaa hugs and prayers to say na Miata na nga po e poster ang ginawa mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na naman ako sa kanila at ihahatid pa kita kausap ay ay ay ay papi I can do that always mahal ha ha ha iloveyouuuuuuuuuu muchhh muchh tangiii always proud ang asawa mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na iloveyouuuuuuuuuu muchhh muchhh mahal e a lot
CHAPTER CONTENTSCultural Differences in the Definition of Health.docxchristinemaritza
CHAPTER CONTENTS
Cultural Differences in the Definition of Health
Comparison Across Cultures
Comparison Within Cultures
Three Indicators of Health World Wide
Life Expectancy
Infant Mortality
Subjective Well-Being
Genetic Influences on Physical Health and Disease
Psychosocial Influences on Physical Health and Disease
Social Isolation and Mortality
Sociocultural Influences on Physical Health and Disease
Cultural Dimensions and Diseases
Cultural Discrepancies and Physical Health
Culture, Body Shape, and Eating Disorders
Culture and Obesity
Culture and Suicide
Acculturation and the Immigrant Paradox
Summary
Differences in Health Care and Medical Delivery Systems
A Model of Cultural Influences on Physical Health: Putting It All Together
Exploration and Discovery
Why Does This Matter to Me?
Suggestions for Further Exploration
Glossary
One major role of psychology is to improve the lives of the people we touch. Whether through research, service, or provision of primary or secondary health care, we look forward to the day when we can adequately prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases, and foster positive states of being in balance with others and the environment. This is not an easy task; a multitude of forces influences our health and the development of diseases.
As we strive to meet this challenge, the important role of culture in contributing to the maintenance of health and the etiology and treatment of disease has become increasingly clear. Although our goals of maintaining health and preventing and treating diseases may be the same across cultures, cultures vary in their perceptions of illness and their definitions of what is considered healthy and what is considered a disease. From anthropological and sociological perspectives, disease refers to a “malfunctioning or maladaptation of biologic and psychophysiologic processes in the individual” and illness refers to the “personal, interpersonal, and cultural reactions to disease or discomfort” (Kleinman, Eisenberg, & Good, 2006; p. 141). Thus, how we view health, disease, and illness, is strongly shaped by culture.
This chapter explores how cultural factors sway physical health and disease processes, and investigates our attempts to treat both psychological and sociological influences. We begin with an examination of cultural differences in the definition of health and present three indicators of health worldwide: life expectancy, infant mortality, and subjective well-being. We will then review the considerable amount of research concerning the relationship between culture and heart disease, other physical disease processes, eating disorders, obesity, and suicide. Next, we will explore differences in health care systems across countries. Finally, we will summarize the research in the form of a model of cultural influences on health.
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE DEFINITION OF HEALTH
Comparison Across Cultures
Before we look at how culture influences health and disease processes, we need to examine ex ...
This is an in dept look about disorders from a psychological standpoint. The disorders talked in this are eating and anxiety disorders. They are looked at from a Biological, Cognitive, and Socio-Cultural standpoints which are the 3 key areas of research in psychology.
Introduction to Psychology - Proposal for research on eating disorders and ho...Sarah Lee
Introduction to Psychology - Proposal for research on eating disorders and how they are caused by the sustained high prevalence of the media depicting the ideal female body as excessively thin
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This slideshow explores the way that stress leads to biological pathology. It attempts to connect the adverse childhood events study with Bruce McEwen's work on cortisol and stress. It explored the impact of PTSD, early childhood trauma and stress on health and longevity.
Running head SOURCE SUMMARY 1SOURCE SUMARRY.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SOURCE SUMMARY 1
SOURCE SUMARRY 2
Source Summary
Eka Ikpe
ENGL 147 N
Professor Mark Wright
DeVry University
03/12/2015
Childhood Obesity
Theme: Childhood Obesity
Topic: Causes of Childhood Obesity
Title: A look into individual and socioenviromental factors associated with childhood obesity
Target Audience: Daniels targets the general public with his message. He highlights the social and environmental factors that cause obesity to people of all ages from children to adult. The researcher also targets the research community with his message his intentions is contribute to the knowledge in the field.
Background: Daniel is a researcher in the field of pediatric medicine. This is, therefore, places him in a better position to contribute to the topic under discussion.
The Author’s Perspective: The position taken by Daniels concurs with numerous assertions on the causes of obesity. The author blames lifestyle and the food habits practiced people in the society. Daniels contends that lack of physical activity and the consumption of fast foods are the direct causes of obesity.
Part 1: The Sentence Summary
Daniels (2007), obesity can be attributed to individual, social and environmental factors.
Part 2: The summary
Daniels (2007), At the individual level, dietary patterns and poor eating habits that are characterized by high fat and calorie foods are important causes of obesity. It is also acclaimed that genetics can play a role in obesity where persons with certain genes (in the family) are more prone to obesity. Further, individual lifestyle characterized by indulgence in alcohol and smoking habits predisposes one to the risk of developing obesity. At the environmental level, availability and production of high calorie foods-fast foods is one factor that has led to the epidemic.
Part 3: One more than Paragraph Summary
At the environmental level, availability and production of high calorie foods-fast foods is one factor that has led to the epidemic. Environments that promote physical inactivity and that encourage intake of unhealthy foods have characterized the American society. On social matrix, the social class may determine access to healthy eating habits or healthy ways of cooking. The study also indicates that there is a disproportionate distribution of obesity risks across minority, low-income, less educated and rural population (social groups).
Daniels (2007) looks into the real nature of metabolic abnormality. The pediatricians are also not sure about the extent of evaluation to be done on children to detect the underlying genetic causes of obesity. Daniels (2007) argues that the 85% of the underlying causes that cause obesity have short stature when compared to the other children that were evaluated for obesity. The study indicates that the thyroid-stimulating hormone was moderately elevated but was not the cause for metabolic disorder. Daniels (2007) also evaluated children with .
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In this book I want to analyze the scientific notion conveyed to us more than 1500 years ago and Western scholars took no time to label it as a fairy tale which remained to them a fairy tale for more than 1400 years, only in the last century Western scientists admitted that it the torpor phenomenon as described in this surah is possible in human beings.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
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combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
1. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 1
Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health
Name
Name and Section # of course
Instructor Name
Date
2. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 2
Introduction
Tania is a 23 years old female living with her parents in the metro area. Her parents are
doctors while her younger brother is also a student of law, although both the parents are working
long hours but are caring and loving. As the parents are too busy hence for last one year Tania
cooks the food for the family yet never eats with the parents. She is gaining height but losing
weight which has come down from 66kg to 40 kg in one year. The parents, being doctors
themselves, are aware of the fact that there was no history of her being engaged in self-induced
vomiting, laxative abuse are concerned with her excessive exercise and self-induced food
restrictions. She became very fussy about eating because she thinks that she must lose weight as
she has turned fat. For two month she is checked by the family general physician for any visible
gastrointestinal disturbance and also to know why she seldom faints. Tania was advised to eat
fibrous diet and have an ECG. Tania believes that her parents are worried for no reason and are
trespassing her private life style which also is causing disharmony at the home. She denies any
physical complaints. Specifically, she denies any history of fatigue, fever, appetite or weight
change. She is active and a review of symptoms is completely negative. A psychosocial
(HEADSS) screening interview shows no existence of any disagreements with her parents. On a
separate interview with her parents, you discover that they have been concerned about her losing
weight since she began "eating healthier" over the past several months.
Negative self-image is considered as typical eating disorders, which are so complex
psychiatric disorders which causes psychosocial suffering for the affected persons. This disorder
affects young girls and adolescents, at a rate which has grown in the last several decades. Science
has proved that eating disorder is not only a psychological disorder that requires psychological
3. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 3
treatment. “Eating disorders are not a ‘state of the mind’ or lifestyle choice (Smolak, L. 2004).
These are serious mental disorders that have severe medical complications that can be fatal. Also
there is a high risk of suicide in these patients,” Familial, biological, social and cultural factors
are usually responsible for eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction and dieting, both common
among adolescents, are recognized risk factors for eating disorders. Eating disorders were a rare
phenomenon when Gull reported it for the first time in 1873, but now the prevalence rate among
adolescent and young adult women is raising concerns; there are between 8 and 13 anorexia
cases per 100,000 persons in the United States. ED rate is much higher in females between 15
and19 years (Van Hoeken, Seidell, & Hoek, 2003).
The psychopathology of eating disorder is known by the refusal to maintain normal
weight in anorexia nervosa, and by binge eating in bulimia nervosa. Adolescents also tend to be
socially withdrawn and are in the habit of dieting (Beumont, 2002). An ED person can express
different forms of negative self-evaluation (Lask, 2000). It is evident by the compulsive attitude
of being thinner (Garner, 2002) and an attitude of self-destruction is also present (Stein,
Lilenfeld, Wildman and Marcus, 2004).
Eating disorder, past and present
Young girls in developed countries are primarily affected with eating disorders. Persons
with anorexia are honest, do not disobey, and hide their inner feeling, tend to be good in
whatever they do and often excellent athletes. Research says that anorexia people eat less to gain
a sense of control over their lives. It is always easy to eat to one's heart content, but very hard to
stop eating even when the stomach demands more (Putterman, E., & Linden, W. 2004). The
4. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 4
disorder primarily affects young girls in the western society and usually has its onset in
adolescence. Hypotheses of an underlying psychological disturbance in young women with the
disorder include conflicts. Controlling their weight appears to offer two initial advantages: they
can take control of their bodies and gain approval from others. It eventually becomes clear
however, that they are out of control and dangerously thin. Lower self-esteem combined with
self-image which is negative are the typical characteristics of eating disorders, studies have
acknowledged that people with ED have dangerously low levels of self-image compared to
normal persons (Jhonson, Smith & Amer, 2001).
People with eating disorders may recover still they most of the time suffer residual
characteristics of this disorder like doubts about body image and weight (Button & Warren
2002). Some people with ED experience it for a short time while the other may suffer from it for
whole life. The outcome on ED research also has a number of problems, which are logical, like
using various outcome measures has been cited as one such explanation of the variability in the
rates of outcome found in ED (Calsen, 2004)
Literature Review
The general aims of the present thesis were to estimate the prevalence and incidence of
ED according to the DSM-IV in the general population of females (18-30 years), as well as risk
factors for the development of clinical ED across the ED diagnoses. There are at present no
perfect instruments for the assessment and evaluation of many complex psychological variables
(e.g., self-esteem and body concern). In fact, criticism can be raised against all instruments, since
5. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 5
the constructs they are intended to measure are so immensely complex, changing or even
controversial.
An Ecological Perspective of the Eating Disorder Phenomenon Since there has not been a
consensus between researchers pinpointing the etiology of eating disorders; I propose an
ecological model as the framework for which to examine this specific societal problem.
Sociocultural pressures are present in the family, through peers, and in the media. Such messages
manifest through relationships with other people. If we can increase awareness in families to
make them conscious of these sociocultural reinforcements, then we might be able to decrease
the problem of eating disorders (Fassino et al.2002).
It is, therefore, essential to understand that the adolescent woman and her family exist at
the center of an ecological model of eating disorders. With an ecological model, the individual
experiences her social environment in layers: first as a self, second through interaction with the
family, third though social interaction with institutions and peers, fourth with the media, and
finally with sociocultural norms and the ideology of her culture (Austin, 2000). Since the family
is the closest layer to the center (the individual), the family has the most potential to influence
eating attitudes and behaviors through its influence on development (Hoek, H. W., & van
Hoeken, D. 2003).
Parents have the most influence over their children’s behavior because they are the
“primary socializing agent” (Crowther, Kichler, Sherwood, & Kuhnert, 2002, p.149) of their
children’s behaviors. The family then is the first intervening variable in the development of
6. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 6
eating disorders. Applying a family systems perspective allows us to consider that “eating
disorders are not only an individual illness but also a „valid diagnoses of the family system‟”
(Prescott & Le Poire, 2002, p. 62). Families therefore have the potential to curb the problem of
eating pathology by channeling their children into activities that make them feel better about
their bodies and their capabilities. Also, parental connectedness and support, which includes
praise, encouragement, and physical affection, are indicators of adolescent adaptation and
positive development in youth (Corr PA, 2002).
While there are multiple risk factors for eating disorders reported in the literature, to date,
there have not been any conclusive results as to a direct cause and effect relationship of disorder
development. Thus, from the last five decades of research, risk factors have been named from
studies as “influences that increase the likelihood that disordered eating will occur” (McVey et
al., 2002, p. 76). The ecological model is useful when examining eating disorders because it
allows the researcher to move beyond exclusively blaming the media, peer influence,
sociocultural influence, or the family environment and helps the researcher examine the eating
disorder phenomenon more broadly.
Diagnosis and Clinical features
Women, from an early age, are challenged by the sociocultural messages about how
should the look, behave, although these messages are communicated through school or college
friends, workplace friends, family members, but it is through the mass media, especially the
electronic media which puts on the pressures and increases the chances of being not so satisfied
7. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 7
about their bodies which leads to negative effects, like anxiety about body image and weight
(Brambilla F. 2001). As these pressures are more on women than men hence the prevalence of
ED amongst them is high.
Eating disorders were a rare phenomenon when Gull reported it for the first time in 1873.
Eating disorder research has suffered in the past due to the problems of definitions of what
actually is eating disorder. Recently Fairburn and Walsh (2002) said that ED can be said to be ' a
persistent disturbance of eating behavior intended to lose weight, which significantly impairs
physical health or psychosocial functioning’. The refusal to have normal weight, or of obesity or
about body image are the characteristics of Anorexia nervosa which is of two different types, the
restricting type, when a person is not engaged in binge eating or diuretics' use and the purging
type, when a person engages is binge eating and uses diuretics. While Bulimia nervosa is about
recurrent episodes of binge eating. Binge eating is the consumption of excess food, hence person
suffering from bulimia nervosa self-induce vomiting, indulge in excessive exercise and use
laxatives. Bulimina nervosa is also of two types, the pruging type, when a person engages in
vomiting or uses laxatives and the non-purging type where the person indulges in excessive
exercise and is afraid about body image (Machado et al.2007).
Conclusion
There is a difference between anorexia nervosa and obesity, two different pathologies
with some mechanisms which appear to be the same. Obesity is an addiction like drug, where
food serves as the natural drug. While anorexia nervosa or ED is highly distractible, it has more
8. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 8
common anxiety disorder malfunctioning. Because anorexia nervosa is connected with the
functioning of the brain, hence there is greater need of such controls which reduces anxiety, like
relaxation, meditation and yoga.
References
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Fassino SP, Daga GA, Leombruni P, Mortara P, Rovera GG.(2002) Attentional biases and
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9. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 9
Putterman, E., & Linden, W. (2004). Apperance versus health: does the reason for dieting affect
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10. Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health 9
Putterman, E., & Linden, W. (2004). Apperance versus health: does the reason for dieting affect
dieting behaviour? Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27, 185- 204.
Smolak, L. (2004). Body image in children and adolescents: where do we go from here? Body
Image, 1, 15-28.
Stein, D., Lilenfeld, L.R., Wildman, P.C., & Marcus, M.D (2004). Attempted suicide and self
injury in patients diagnosed with eating disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45 (6),
447-451.
Veumont, P.J.V (2002). Clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In C.G.
Fairburn ^ CK.D. Brownell (Eds), Eating Disorders and Obesity, A Comprehensive
Handbook (2nd, ed, pp. 162-171), New York: The Guilford Press.
.