The American peanut is the luckiest nut because it benefits from heavy government subsidies and protectionist policies. In contrast, groundnuts in Senegal, cashew nuts in Mozambique, and Brazil nuts in Bolivia faced declining markets and poverty after adopting free trade policies promoted by organizations like the IMF and World Bank. These other nut-producing nations experienced falling prices, loss of domestic industries, increased debt, and rising unemployment as their crops were exported overseas. The American peanut industry, however, remains highly protected by the U.S. government through tariffs and bonuses paid to farmers.

1. American peanut is the luckiest nut 1
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Why the American peanut is the luckiest nut
Name
University

2. American peanut is the luckiest nut 2
American peanut is the luckiest nut
To know why American peanut is the luckiest nut in the world while others produced in
Mozambique, Brazil and Senegal are not, needs a little storytelling, but a true story behind being
the luckiest.
According to Brownie 'the removal or reduction of restrictions or barriers on the free exchange
of goods between nations’ is called Trade liberalization. This includes the removal or reduction
of both tariff and non-tariff obstacles. If the promises of agricultural trade liberalization are
exaggerated, the perils are very real. in a global market in which rich countries or a select few
advanced developing countries dominate, liberalization leads to a flood of cheap imports, which
undermine domestic producers previously protected by tariffs or other government supports.
Ground Nut:
It is a part of the peanut family. Groundnut is another seed of a legume plant because it
grows beneath the ground it is called ground nut. It is nutritious and rich in vitamins; it is eaten
raw, roasted, or cooked with other foods.
Senegal's ground nuts
It was in 16th century when the Portuguese brought ground nut to
Senegal. Since then it remained Senegal's chief crop. In 1960 when Senegal got independence it
was in need of modern ways of farming, the World Bank came and with its help the production
increased. With the increase of production, this crop was exported to developed countries as it
brought Dollars, so needed by the government. Then many other countries in Asia also boosted

3. American peanut is the luckiest nut 3
their production of ground nuts. With such surplus crop available to the world, the prices came
down; the supply was greater than the demand. This trend led to a decline in Senegal's export of
ground nuts, its exports dropped to such an extent that it was facing bankruptcy. Then came the
IMF and asked Senegal to start a reforms program, it offered fertilizers, seeds and monetary help.
On its behest the ground nut industries were privatized. Even after the creation of improved
groundnut varieties, yield rates are still low compared to their potential (Shiferaw et al.
2010).But when situation got worse, Senegal borrowed money from IMF and World Bank and
today Senegal is one of the most indebted nations in the world.
Mozambique's Cashew Nut
Cashew nuts of Mozambique were one of the best in the world. All over
Mozambique cashew nuts were grown. Till 1990 more than ten thousand people were engaged in
this cash crop production. The government of Mozambique, to help its economy, imposed an
export tax which provided it with the money to meet its needs. But then the IMF and World
Bank interfered and asked it not to impose any restrictions or taxes as it went against the WTO
policies of trade liberalization. First the Mozambique government has the courage to reject this
demand. But not for long; the political pressure led to the privatization of this industry. Foreign
companies came and offered attractive amounts for the crops; the local industry was unable to
compete. By 1999 this major crop was exported to such an extent that this took away the jobs of
more than 9000 people linked to its production. Cashew-nuts are used extensively as an
inexpensive source of protein (Rachier 2005).Mozambique's whole crop of cashew nuts was
exported. Poverty grew due to this reason and once again the same IMF and World Bank came to
the rescue and poured more loans.

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Brazil Nut
Most of the Brazil nuts come from Bolivia and not Brazil. The rainforests of Bolivia have
a small but unique species of flies which pollinate the nut flowers and make it tastier. Bolivian
nuts are a source of cash for its farmers.
Industrialization:
During industrialization the NGO's appeared and helped Bolivia to boost its harvest,
participated in training of several agricultural practices including site selection, land preparation,
seed selection, production practices, plant health and post-harvest handling (Dankyi et al. 2007)
the result was that the crop saw a boost but more than 80 percent of this crop was marked for
exports. This export brought previous dollars to Brazil. But then due to reasons unknown its nuts
were said to contain more toxin and hence the European Union said that this went against its
envisaged health safety provisions.
The American Peanut:
One of the most protected peanut industry in the world. The U.S. government subsidizes
it to an extent that each farmer gets a bonus with every peanut produced. In 1900 George
Washington Carver’s work with peanuts drew the attention of a national growers’ association,
which invited him to testify at congressional tariff hearings in 1921. Today with no nuts to
challenge its hegemony, the American peanut is the luckiest peanut in the world.

5. American peanut is the luckiest nut 5
Références
Dankyi A., R. Moxley, J. Jacka, W. Clifford, and M. Owusu-Akyaw. 2007. “Socioeconomic
Impact Assessment of Peanut CRSP Supported New Technology Related to Integrated
Crop Management Techniques.” Final Report for USAID, Peanut CRSP Program.
Shiferaw, B., G. Muricho, J. Okello, T.A. Kebede, and G. Okecho. 2010. “Adoption of Improved
Groundnut Varietie.” Patancheru; India: International Crops Research Institute for the
Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Rachier G.O. 2005. “Groundnut production, Research Status, and Future Prospects in Western
Kenya.” Paper Presented at Proceedings of Groundnut Stakeholders Meeting. Nairobi,
Kenya June 14, 2005.

6. American peanut is the luckiest nut 5
Références
Dankyi A., R. Moxley, J. Jacka, W. Clifford, and M. Owusu-Akyaw. 2007. “Socioeconomic
Impact Assessment of Peanut CRSP Supported New Technology Related to Integrated
Crop Management Techniques.” Final Report for USAID, Peanut CRSP Program.
Shiferaw, B., G. Muricho, J. Okello, T.A. Kebede, and G. Okecho. 2010. “Adoption of Improved
Groundnut Varietie.” Patancheru; India: International Crops Research Institute for the
Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Rachier G.O. 2005. “Groundnut production, Research Status, and Future Prospects in Western
Kenya.” Paper Presented at Proceedings of Groundnut Stakeholders Meeting. Nairobi,
Kenya June 14, 2005.