Young girls in developed countries are primarily affected with eating disorders. Persons with anorexia are honest, do not disobey, and hide their inner feeling, tend to be good in whatever they do and often excellent athletes. Research says that anorexia people eat less to gain a sense of control over their lives.
Internalising and Externalizing BehavioursDora Kukucska
The document discusses internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children. It defines internalizing behaviors as problems that affect a child's internal psychological state, such as anxiety, withdrawal, depression, and somatic complaints. It outlines some specific internalizing disorders like depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints. It discusses causes like familial and genetic factors, temperament, life events, and social relationships. It also notes high rates of comorbidity between internalizing disorders and with other externalizing disorders. Internalizing problems in children are risk factors for continued internalizing issues and other disorders in adulthood.
This document discusses eating disorders, their causes and effects. Eating disorders most commonly onset during adolescence and mainly affect adolescent girls. They are associated with many health risks and have high mortality rates. Current treatment options are lacking with less than 50% recovery rates. Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are influenced by biological factors, familial influences, personality traits, and psychological processes. More research is needed to better understand and treat eating disorders.
The document discusses eating disorders, including signs and symptoms, contributing biological and psychosocial factors, and treatment options and their high costs. Eating disorders are complex illnesses affected by genetics and environment. They disrupt individuals' lives and are often comorbid with other issues like depression. Treatment includes inpatient programs, therapy, and medication, but access is limited due to high costs averaging $60,000-$100,000. Social workers can help educate about disorders and advocate for treatment access and coverage.
Genetics play a significant role in the development of eating disorders according to three studies. Study 1 found that identical twins exhibited more similar internalization of thin ideals and disordered eating than fraternal twins, indicating genetic influences. Study 2 determined that genetics accounted for 40-48% of variances in disordered eating behaviors for both males and females. Study 3 revealed a 38% genetic contribution to restrained eating independent of BMI. However, the influence of genetics relative to environmental factors like media is still unclear according to the conclusions. Further research is needed to fully understand the interplay between genetic predispositions and social influences on eating pathology.
The association between depression and suicide in adolescenceEuridiki
This document analyzes the link between depression and suicide in adolescence. It discusses symptoms of depression, causes like stressful life events and genetics, and treatments. It also describes a study of 4 individuals in Greece, 2 with depression since adolescence and 2 relatives of suicide victims. The study found those with low self-esteem, depression, and trauma have high suicide risk. Suggestions are made for further research.
This document provides an abstract and introduction for a research study examining the correlation between maternal acculturation level and depression among Asian American adolescents. The study aims to survey 60 immigrant Asian American adolescents and their mothers to understand how adolescents' perceptions of cultural identity and family relationships relate to their mothers' level of acculturation and the adolescents' depression levels. The introduction reviews past literature showing both positive and negative influences of family cultural dynamics on adolescent mental health outcomes. It proposes hypotheses that higher cultural identity and mother-child connectedness will correlate with lower depression, and that maternal acculturation level impacts adolescent depression through these factors. The methods section outlines plans to recruit participants from a university and collect survey data separately from adolescents and mothers to measure acc
This document discusses prevention of eating addictions. It begins by establishing links between eating and the brain's reward system, and discusses common eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia. Prevention programs should aim to educate the public on signs and risks while also addressing cultural issues and low self-esteem. Effective prevention addresses societal pressures around thinness and gender roles while building self-esteem. Primary prevention targets youth through educating teachers and using books to promote healthy attitudes. Relapse prevention involves follow-up care and helping those recovering identify personal triggers.
Young girls in developed countries are primarily affected with eating disorders. Persons with anorexia are honest, do not disobey, and hide their inner feeling, tend to be good in whatever they do and often excellent athletes. Research says that anorexia people eat less to gain a sense of control over their lives.
Internalising and Externalizing BehavioursDora Kukucska
The document discusses internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children. It defines internalizing behaviors as problems that affect a child's internal psychological state, such as anxiety, withdrawal, depression, and somatic complaints. It outlines some specific internalizing disorders like depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints. It discusses causes like familial and genetic factors, temperament, life events, and social relationships. It also notes high rates of comorbidity between internalizing disorders and with other externalizing disorders. Internalizing problems in children are risk factors for continued internalizing issues and other disorders in adulthood.
This document discusses eating disorders, their causes and effects. Eating disorders most commonly onset during adolescence and mainly affect adolescent girls. They are associated with many health risks and have high mortality rates. Current treatment options are lacking with less than 50% recovery rates. Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are influenced by biological factors, familial influences, personality traits, and psychological processes. More research is needed to better understand and treat eating disorders.
The document discusses eating disorders, including signs and symptoms, contributing biological and psychosocial factors, and treatment options and their high costs. Eating disorders are complex illnesses affected by genetics and environment. They disrupt individuals' lives and are often comorbid with other issues like depression. Treatment includes inpatient programs, therapy, and medication, but access is limited due to high costs averaging $60,000-$100,000. Social workers can help educate about disorders and advocate for treatment access and coverage.
Genetics play a significant role in the development of eating disorders according to three studies. Study 1 found that identical twins exhibited more similar internalization of thin ideals and disordered eating than fraternal twins, indicating genetic influences. Study 2 determined that genetics accounted for 40-48% of variances in disordered eating behaviors for both males and females. Study 3 revealed a 38% genetic contribution to restrained eating independent of BMI. However, the influence of genetics relative to environmental factors like media is still unclear according to the conclusions. Further research is needed to fully understand the interplay between genetic predispositions and social influences on eating pathology.
The association between depression and suicide in adolescenceEuridiki
This document analyzes the link between depression and suicide in adolescence. It discusses symptoms of depression, causes like stressful life events and genetics, and treatments. It also describes a study of 4 individuals in Greece, 2 with depression since adolescence and 2 relatives of suicide victims. The study found those with low self-esteem, depression, and trauma have high suicide risk. Suggestions are made for further research.
This document provides an abstract and introduction for a research study examining the correlation between maternal acculturation level and depression among Asian American adolescents. The study aims to survey 60 immigrant Asian American adolescents and their mothers to understand how adolescents' perceptions of cultural identity and family relationships relate to their mothers' level of acculturation and the adolescents' depression levels. The introduction reviews past literature showing both positive and negative influences of family cultural dynamics on adolescent mental health outcomes. It proposes hypotheses that higher cultural identity and mother-child connectedness will correlate with lower depression, and that maternal acculturation level impacts adolescent depression through these factors. The methods section outlines plans to recruit participants from a university and collect survey data separately from adolescents and mothers to measure acc
This document discusses prevention of eating addictions. It begins by establishing links between eating and the brain's reward system, and discusses common eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia. Prevention programs should aim to educate the public on signs and risks while also addressing cultural issues and low self-esteem. Effective prevention addresses societal pressures around thinness and gender roles while building self-esteem. Primary prevention targets youth through educating teachers and using books to promote healthy attitudes. Relapse prevention involves follow-up care and helping those recovering identify personal triggers.
The document provides information from a community needs assessment conducted to inform a presentation for a high school health class. An observation of the class found it to be quiet and unparticipatory. A survey of students found most had heard of celiac disease and a gluten-free diet but lacked detailed knowledge. It was determined a presentation on celiac disease, gluten intolerance, and gluten-free diets would be most appropriate, incorporating activities to engage the class.
Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse are the main types of child abuse. Neglect involves the failure to provide for a child's basic needs. Physical abuse includes acts that can physically harm a child like striking, burning, or shaking. Sexual abuse involves any sexual act with a child. Psychological abuse is emotionally harming a child through acts like belittling, shaming, or withholding affection. Child abuse can cause long-term psychological and social consequences like depression, low self-esteem, cognitive difficulties, and relationship problems. The best way to help stop child abuse is to report any known or suspected cases of abuse to local child services and promote healthy family environments.
Chronically Ill Children And The Psychosocial Effects Uponsportydebb
This document discusses the psychosocial effects on well siblings of chronically ill children. It notes that while much research has focused on parents and ill children, little research has examined the impact on well siblings. Several studies discussed found that well siblings experience a lack of information and attention, feeling isolated from their ill sibling's condition. Providing well siblings with age-appropriate information about the illness and giving them support groups can help them cope and feel less alone. However, the literature on effects on well siblings is contradictory and inconclusive. More research is needed directly interviewing both current and adult well siblings to better understand how their psychosocial adjustment is impacted.
Personality Factors as Related to Stresses among Parents of Mentally Sub-Norm...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between personality factors and stress levels among parents of mentally sub-normal children. 150 parents aged 35-55 years completed questionnaires measuring their personality using the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and their stress levels using a 30-item stress scale. Results found that 7 of the 16 personality factors (A, B, E, F, H, O, Q4) were significantly related to higher stress scores in parents. However, the majority of personality factors (C,G,I,L,M,N,Q1, Q2, Q3) did not significantly impact parental stress levels. The study provides insight into how certain personality traits may influence the stress experienced by parents of
This document provides a literature review on the origins of resilience in families facing socioeconomic hardship, separation, and parental bereavement. It examines various risks such as low socioeconomic status, parenting styles, attachment, marital relationships, separation, and parental bereavement. Protective factors that can buffer these risks and promote family resilience are also explored, such as authoritative parenting, secure attachment between parents and children, strong marital relationships, social support systems, and positive belief systems. The review draws from multiple studies and analyzes factors like communication, nurturing behaviors, and family cohesion that contribute to building resilience in families facing adversity.
A study found that exposing women to plus-size models in advertisements reduced their preference for extremely thin bodies, whereas exposing them to slim models increased their preference for thinness. The researchers argue that showing a more diverse range of body types in media could help promote healthier body attitudes among women. Increased exposure to larger-sized models may counteract the obsession with thinness perpetuated by the predominance of underweight celebrities and models currently featured. Addressing the narrow representation of female bodies could potentially help reduce eating disorder risk.
The document summarizes research on the implications of child abuse. It describes 10 studies that find child abuse victims often experience mental health issues like PTSD, depression, anxiety and substance abuse. They also face social and behavioral problems including aggression, low self-esteem and feelings of helplessness. The conclusion states that child abuse dramatically affects victims' development and mental well-being for life.
Wechsler, A., Kaur, H., Patterson, C., Kearney, C. (2009, November). The additive traumatic effects of neglect on maltreated adolescents. Poster presented at the 2009 U.S. Psychiatric and Mental Health Congress, Las Vegas, Nevada.
This document discusses assessing the family as a unit of care using various tools and models. It describes the family life cycle model which views the family as progressing through different stages of development with associated tasks. The genogram is introduced as a tool to visually map family connections and identify patterns. Key areas of family function are outlined including biological, economic, educational, psychological, and socio-cultural roles. The document emphasizes examining biopsychosocial factors and assessing the family's strengths when evaluating health, illness, and care decisions.
This document provides information on a seminar about child abuse. It discusses various types of child abuse like physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. It outlines signs and symptoms of each type of abuse, as well as risk factors, theoretical models, management, and prevention strategies. The presentation aims to educate about recognizing, assessing, and intervening in cases of child maltreatment.
This document provides an introduction to a research study on the relationship between self-esteem and health-related risk behaviors among adolescents in Baguio City, Philippines. The study aims to understand how self-esteem relates to physical harm, substance abuse, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. It also examines potential differences based on gender and ethnicity. A correlational quantitative research design will be used, collecting data through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 385 adolescents. The questionnaire will assess self-esteem and engagement in health risks, adapted from established tools.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Attachment Theory And Improving Relationships2.The Offical Onetlwright29
This document summarizes attachment theory and discusses how attachment styles impact relationships. It describes the four attachment styles (secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, fearful-avoidant) and their characteristics. The document also discusses how attachment styles relate to relationship commitment, violence, and adjustment. Finally, it provides strategies for improving relationships, such as couple's therapy, stress management, emotional stability, and conflict resolution.
Final Research Project Paper on Snacking and GenderStephanie Romig
This document describes a study that examined the influence of gender and images of healthy vs. unhealthy snacks on attitudes toward snacking. The researchers hypothesized that: 1) females would express more ambivalence than males toward unhealthy snacking; 2) attitudes would be more positive when unhealthy snacks were pictured; and 3) females shown unhealthy snack pictures would have the most positive attitudes. Students completed a survey with either healthy or unhealthy snack images rating snacking statements. Results found gender, image, and interaction effects, warranting further research.
The document provides an overview of a group project analyzing the prevalence of eating disorders in the United States. It includes sections on narrowing their topic from 16 options to eating disorders, research finding they commonly affect women, and problem analysis noting genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. The group considered stakeholders and solutions, ultimately choosing education as their proposed solution to address this issue.
Infant Attachment Styles In Relation To Adult Romanticcassandragabler
The document discusses several studies on how infant attachment styles relate to adult romantic attachment. It summarizes research that found attachment styles developed in infancy continue into adulthood and impact things like relationships, emotional experiences, and ideal partner preferences. The studies observed participants from infancy to adulthood and found secure attachment in infancy correlated with better social skills and relationships later in life. Attachment styles were also linked to attitudes about parents and needs in romantic relationships.
The document discusses the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental health disorders. It reports that 6-month prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents range from 17-27%, with the most common being anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, and attention deficit disorders. Around 9-13% of 9-17 year olds experience serious emotional disturbance. Depression prevalence is below 1-2% for children aged 7-12 and 1-7% for those aged 13-25. Manic episodes and bipolar disorder are rare in children and adolescents. Depression and anxiety disorders commonly co-occur.
This document discusses eating disorders, their causes and effects. Eating disorders primarily affect adolescent girls and have the highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses. They can cause many serious health risks such as heart failure, osteoporosis and gastric rupture. Current treatment options are lacking with less than 50% recovery rates. Eating disorders are complex with potential biological, familial, psychological and personality influences. They typically begin during adolescence when peer pressure and body dissatisfaction are highest.
While the exact causes of eating disorders are unknown, factors that contribute include psychological issues like depression and low self-esteem, interpersonal problems such as abusive family environments or bullying, and sociocultural pressures to attain an unrealistic body image. Biologically, eating disorders may be genetic, passing in families. Once developed, eating disorders can form self-perpetuating cycles requiring professional treatment to overcome.
This document summarizes a hypothesis article about the role of food offering in emotion regulation. The article proposes that food offering can be used for empathic emotion regulation, where offering food is motivated by the emotional state of the recipient and aims to regulate emotions in both the provider and recipient. It reviews literature showing food can influence mood and emotions, and that eating is a social behavior. It hypothesizes that early regulatory interactions involving food shape how people later use food for emotion regulation. Offering and sharing food may increase intimacy and decrease negative emotions while increasing positive emotions for both parties. However, over-reliance on food for regulation could lead to problems like eating disorders. Future research should study interpersonal functions of food offering.
Health Services Utilization Carly's Study DesignCarly Thompson
This document outlines a study examining barriers to eating disorder treatment among women. The study will use Anderson's Behavioral Model framework to identify predisposing, enabling, and need factors that influence barriers. The dependent variable is barriers to inpatient and intensive outpatient treatment. Independent variables include demographic, clinical, social, and system-related factors. The study aims to compare barriers across eating disorder subtypes to address disparities in access and utilization of treatment. Key hypotheses predict financial barriers will impact bulimia and OSFED most while shame will impact anorexia most.
The document provides information from a community needs assessment conducted to inform a presentation for a high school health class. An observation of the class found it to be quiet and unparticipatory. A survey of students found most had heard of celiac disease and a gluten-free diet but lacked detailed knowledge. It was determined a presentation on celiac disease, gluten intolerance, and gluten-free diets would be most appropriate, incorporating activities to engage the class.
Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse are the main types of child abuse. Neglect involves the failure to provide for a child's basic needs. Physical abuse includes acts that can physically harm a child like striking, burning, or shaking. Sexual abuse involves any sexual act with a child. Psychological abuse is emotionally harming a child through acts like belittling, shaming, or withholding affection. Child abuse can cause long-term psychological and social consequences like depression, low self-esteem, cognitive difficulties, and relationship problems. The best way to help stop child abuse is to report any known or suspected cases of abuse to local child services and promote healthy family environments.
Chronically Ill Children And The Psychosocial Effects Uponsportydebb
This document discusses the psychosocial effects on well siblings of chronically ill children. It notes that while much research has focused on parents and ill children, little research has examined the impact on well siblings. Several studies discussed found that well siblings experience a lack of information and attention, feeling isolated from their ill sibling's condition. Providing well siblings with age-appropriate information about the illness and giving them support groups can help them cope and feel less alone. However, the literature on effects on well siblings is contradictory and inconclusive. More research is needed directly interviewing both current and adult well siblings to better understand how their psychosocial adjustment is impacted.
Personality Factors as Related to Stresses among Parents of Mentally Sub-Norm...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between personality factors and stress levels among parents of mentally sub-normal children. 150 parents aged 35-55 years completed questionnaires measuring their personality using the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and their stress levels using a 30-item stress scale. Results found that 7 of the 16 personality factors (A, B, E, F, H, O, Q4) were significantly related to higher stress scores in parents. However, the majority of personality factors (C,G,I,L,M,N,Q1, Q2, Q3) did not significantly impact parental stress levels. The study provides insight into how certain personality traits may influence the stress experienced by parents of
This document provides a literature review on the origins of resilience in families facing socioeconomic hardship, separation, and parental bereavement. It examines various risks such as low socioeconomic status, parenting styles, attachment, marital relationships, separation, and parental bereavement. Protective factors that can buffer these risks and promote family resilience are also explored, such as authoritative parenting, secure attachment between parents and children, strong marital relationships, social support systems, and positive belief systems. The review draws from multiple studies and analyzes factors like communication, nurturing behaviors, and family cohesion that contribute to building resilience in families facing adversity.
A study found that exposing women to plus-size models in advertisements reduced their preference for extremely thin bodies, whereas exposing them to slim models increased their preference for thinness. The researchers argue that showing a more diverse range of body types in media could help promote healthier body attitudes among women. Increased exposure to larger-sized models may counteract the obsession with thinness perpetuated by the predominance of underweight celebrities and models currently featured. Addressing the narrow representation of female bodies could potentially help reduce eating disorder risk.
The document summarizes research on the implications of child abuse. It describes 10 studies that find child abuse victims often experience mental health issues like PTSD, depression, anxiety and substance abuse. They also face social and behavioral problems including aggression, low self-esteem and feelings of helplessness. The conclusion states that child abuse dramatically affects victims' development and mental well-being for life.
Wechsler, A., Kaur, H., Patterson, C., Kearney, C. (2009, November). The additive traumatic effects of neglect on maltreated adolescents. Poster presented at the 2009 U.S. Psychiatric and Mental Health Congress, Las Vegas, Nevada.
This document discusses assessing the family as a unit of care using various tools and models. It describes the family life cycle model which views the family as progressing through different stages of development with associated tasks. The genogram is introduced as a tool to visually map family connections and identify patterns. Key areas of family function are outlined including biological, economic, educational, psychological, and socio-cultural roles. The document emphasizes examining biopsychosocial factors and assessing the family's strengths when evaluating health, illness, and care decisions.
This document provides information on a seminar about child abuse. It discusses various types of child abuse like physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. It outlines signs and symptoms of each type of abuse, as well as risk factors, theoretical models, management, and prevention strategies. The presentation aims to educate about recognizing, assessing, and intervening in cases of child maltreatment.
This document provides an introduction to a research study on the relationship between self-esteem and health-related risk behaviors among adolescents in Baguio City, Philippines. The study aims to understand how self-esteem relates to physical harm, substance abuse, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. It also examines potential differences based on gender and ethnicity. A correlational quantitative research design will be used, collecting data through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 385 adolescents. The questionnaire will assess self-esteem and engagement in health risks, adapted from established tools.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Attachment Theory And Improving Relationships2.The Offical Onetlwright29
This document summarizes attachment theory and discusses how attachment styles impact relationships. It describes the four attachment styles (secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, fearful-avoidant) and their characteristics. The document also discusses how attachment styles relate to relationship commitment, violence, and adjustment. Finally, it provides strategies for improving relationships, such as couple's therapy, stress management, emotional stability, and conflict resolution.
Final Research Project Paper on Snacking and GenderStephanie Romig
This document describes a study that examined the influence of gender and images of healthy vs. unhealthy snacks on attitudes toward snacking. The researchers hypothesized that: 1) females would express more ambivalence than males toward unhealthy snacking; 2) attitudes would be more positive when unhealthy snacks were pictured; and 3) females shown unhealthy snack pictures would have the most positive attitudes. Students completed a survey with either healthy or unhealthy snack images rating snacking statements. Results found gender, image, and interaction effects, warranting further research.
The document provides an overview of a group project analyzing the prevalence of eating disorders in the United States. It includes sections on narrowing their topic from 16 options to eating disorders, research finding they commonly affect women, and problem analysis noting genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. The group considered stakeholders and solutions, ultimately choosing education as their proposed solution to address this issue.
Infant Attachment Styles In Relation To Adult Romanticcassandragabler
The document discusses several studies on how infant attachment styles relate to adult romantic attachment. It summarizes research that found attachment styles developed in infancy continue into adulthood and impact things like relationships, emotional experiences, and ideal partner preferences. The studies observed participants from infancy to adulthood and found secure attachment in infancy correlated with better social skills and relationships later in life. Attachment styles were also linked to attitudes about parents and needs in romantic relationships.
The document discusses the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental health disorders. It reports that 6-month prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents range from 17-27%, with the most common being anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, and attention deficit disorders. Around 9-13% of 9-17 year olds experience serious emotional disturbance. Depression prevalence is below 1-2% for children aged 7-12 and 1-7% for those aged 13-25. Manic episodes and bipolar disorder are rare in children and adolescents. Depression and anxiety disorders commonly co-occur.
This document discusses eating disorders, their causes and effects. Eating disorders primarily affect adolescent girls and have the highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses. They can cause many serious health risks such as heart failure, osteoporosis and gastric rupture. Current treatment options are lacking with less than 50% recovery rates. Eating disorders are complex with potential biological, familial, psychological and personality influences. They typically begin during adolescence when peer pressure and body dissatisfaction are highest.
While the exact causes of eating disorders are unknown, factors that contribute include psychological issues like depression and low self-esteem, interpersonal problems such as abusive family environments or bullying, and sociocultural pressures to attain an unrealistic body image. Biologically, eating disorders may be genetic, passing in families. Once developed, eating disorders can form self-perpetuating cycles requiring professional treatment to overcome.
This document summarizes a hypothesis article about the role of food offering in emotion regulation. The article proposes that food offering can be used for empathic emotion regulation, where offering food is motivated by the emotional state of the recipient and aims to regulate emotions in both the provider and recipient. It reviews literature showing food can influence mood and emotions, and that eating is a social behavior. It hypothesizes that early regulatory interactions involving food shape how people later use food for emotion regulation. Offering and sharing food may increase intimacy and decrease negative emotions while increasing positive emotions for both parties. However, over-reliance on food for regulation could lead to problems like eating disorders. Future research should study interpersonal functions of food offering.
Health Services Utilization Carly's Study DesignCarly Thompson
This document outlines a study examining barriers to eating disorder treatment among women. The study will use Anderson's Behavioral Model framework to identify predisposing, enabling, and need factors that influence barriers. The dependent variable is barriers to inpatient and intensive outpatient treatment. Independent variables include demographic, clinical, social, and system-related factors. The study aims to compare barriers across eating disorder subtypes to address disparities in access and utilization of treatment. Key hypotheses predict financial barriers will impact bulimia and OSFED most while shame will impact anorexia most.
Review of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa for Mankindijsrd.com
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are not called as a disease, but the today mankind is suffering from it. Hence, the present review of studies of literature is an important prerequisite for actual planning and then execution of any research work. The research workers need to acquire up-to-date information on what has been thought and said in a particular area so that they can derive benefit from the work of their predecessors.
Assessment of the Residual Issues Regarding SelfChloe McDaniel
The document discusses how eating disorders affect adolescent self-concept during and after recovery. It finds that relapse rates for bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are high at 41% and 33% respectively, indicating unresolved self-concept issues. Recovery from binge-purge disorders is especially difficult due to lack of emotional regulation skills. Patients experience conflicting views of their identity and treatment facilities, which can influence relapse. Recovery tends to be slower for anorexia nervosa subtypes and those with high levels of thought-shape and thought-action fusion. The "self-talk" of eating disorders also challenges self-concept during recovery.
Health has many definitions including the absence of disease, a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and the ability to cope with daily life. It is influenced by internal factors like genetics, age, and psychological state as well as external factors in the environment, family/culture, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare. Overall health is a complex interaction between the individual and their surroundings.
This document provides a literature review on childhood obesity. It discusses risk factors for obesity like unhealthy eating behaviors, lack of physical activity, stress, and genetics. Unhealthy parenting, lower peer status, and victimization can also influence childhood obesity. Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and ethnic minority groups have higher obesity rates. Preventing and treating childhood obesity requires understanding these risk factors and their psychological and social consequences.
Final Paper Grandparents Raising Grandchildren in ShreveportLish'a Bond Reed
- Grandparents raising grandchildren is an increasing phenomenon worldwide, including in the US and Louisiana, often due to issues like substance abuse, incarceration, or financial hardship.
- Both grandchildren and grandparents in these situations face increased risks to their health, including psychological, social, and physical issues. Grandparents are challenged by things like lack of resources and differences in activity levels with their grandchildren.
- This study interviewed 15 grandparent caregivers in Shreveport, LA to understand their challenges and needed resources, finding a lack of awareness of available services and needs for things like financial assistance, clothing, and support groups. Information on local resources was provided to help address these needs.
This document discusses social and cultural determinants of health and provides examples of how culture impacts health behaviors and healthcare. It defines culture and lists its key elements. It distinguishes between collectivistic and individualistic cultures and how they differ in communication styles and decision making. The document outlines factors healthcare providers should consider regarding patients' views of health, illness, treatment, and interactions with providers to provide culturally competent care.
Maternal and child health issues can be influenced by several factors such as lifestyle, socio-cultural aspects, nutrition, psychology, gender, sexuality, and maternal age. Key issues include maternal age increasing risks of pregnancy complications; gender discrimination affecting care for female babies; and nutrition playing a critical role in pregnancy outcomes but being impacted by poverty and busy schedules. Socio-cultural factors like religious beliefs, views of pregnancy, and concerns for modesty also influence maternal health behaviors and utilization of prenatal care services.
The efficacy of elderly caring among nursesGlance Ruiz
The document discusses theories of aging and perspectives on caring for elderly patients from a nursing perspective. It covers biological and psychosocial theories of aging, including theories around stress, DNA mutations, and disengagement from society. It also discusses nursing theories around caring, including Watson's theory emphasizing dignity and uniqueness of patients. The document emphasizes the importance of caring attitudes from nurses and developing close relationships with elderly patients to provide both physical and emotional support.
Running head SOURCE SUMMARY 1SOURCE SUMARRY.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SOURCE SUMMARY 1
SOURCE SUMARRY 2
Source Summary
Eka Ikpe
ENGL 147 N
Professor Mark Wright
DeVry University
03/12/2015
Childhood Obesity
Theme: Childhood Obesity
Topic: Causes of Childhood Obesity
Title: A look into individual and socioenviromental factors associated with childhood obesity
Target Audience: Daniels targets the general public with his message. He highlights the social and environmental factors that cause obesity to people of all ages from children to adult. The researcher also targets the research community with his message his intentions is contribute to the knowledge in the field.
Background: Daniel is a researcher in the field of pediatric medicine. This is, therefore, places him in a better position to contribute to the topic under discussion.
The Author’s Perspective: The position taken by Daniels concurs with numerous assertions on the causes of obesity. The author blames lifestyle and the food habits practiced people in the society. Daniels contends that lack of physical activity and the consumption of fast foods are the direct causes of obesity.
Part 1: The Sentence Summary
Daniels (2007), obesity can be attributed to individual, social and environmental factors.
Part 2: The summary
Daniels (2007), At the individual level, dietary patterns and poor eating habits that are characterized by high fat and calorie foods are important causes of obesity. It is also acclaimed that genetics can play a role in obesity where persons with certain genes (in the family) are more prone to obesity. Further, individual lifestyle characterized by indulgence in alcohol and smoking habits predisposes one to the risk of developing obesity. At the environmental level, availability and production of high calorie foods-fast foods is one factor that has led to the epidemic.
Part 3: One more than Paragraph Summary
At the environmental level, availability and production of high calorie foods-fast foods is one factor that has led to the epidemic. Environments that promote physical inactivity and that encourage intake of unhealthy foods have characterized the American society. On social matrix, the social class may determine access to healthy eating habits or healthy ways of cooking. The study also indicates that there is a disproportionate distribution of obesity risks across minority, low-income, less educated and rural population (social groups).
Daniels (2007) looks into the real nature of metabolic abnormality. The pediatricians are also not sure about the extent of evaluation to be done on children to detect the underlying genetic causes of obesity. Daniels (2007) argues that the 85% of the underlying causes that cause obesity have short stature when compared to the other children that were evaluated for obesity. The study indicates that the thyroid-stimulating hormone was moderately elevated but was not the cause for metabolic disorder. Daniels (2007) also evaluated children with .
Current Therapeutic Approaches in Anorexia Nervosa Edited.pptxRonakPrajapati63
1) Current therapeutic approaches for anorexia nervosa discussed in the document include restricting food intake, binge eating and purging behaviors, cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, and medication.
2) Anorexia nervosa is defined by significantly low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a disturbed perception of body weight and shape. Diagnostic criteria include in the DSM-5 and ICD-10 are discussed.
3) Risk factors for anorexia nervosa include genetic, biological, developmental, psychological, environmental, and social factors. The etiology is complex with both biological and psychosocial components.
Similar to Professional Sample Literature Review Chicago Style (15)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
2. L I T E R A T U R E R E V I E W C H I C A G O S T Y L E S A M P L E
EATING DISORDERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS 1
Hsu L.K. G. Eating Disorders. (New York: The Guilford Press, 1990).
Palmer B. Concepts of Eating Disorders. In: J. Treasure, U. Schmidt, & E. Furth, (Ed.), Handbook of eating disorders (1 - 11)
(Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2003).
Ibid.
Sullivan P. F., Bulik C. M., Fear J. L. “Pickering a Outcome of anorexia nervosa: a case-control study”. Am J Psychiatry. Jul; 155
(7) (1998)
Hoeken D., Seidell J., Hoek H. W. Epidemiology. In: J. Treasure, U. Schmidt, & E. Furth (|Ed.), Handbook of eating disorders (p.
11 - 35). (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2003)
Bäck E. A. “Effects of parental relations and upbringing in troubled adolescent eating behaviours”. Eating Disorders, 19, (2011).
1
2
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
2
Eating disorders include a wide range of relatively similar disorders whose main concern is their body shape,
body dissatisfaction, focus on weight and appearance control, and inadequate patterns of food intake. In the
spectrum of feeding disorders, anorexia of nervous, bulimia nervosa, diarrhea and unspecific eating disorders
differ. Anorexia nervousness is a psychological disorder characterized by low body weight of the diseased and
specific beliefs and behavior related to the body and the food. The sufferers are overwhelmed by the desire for a
slim look, their body experiences thick, and they feel intense fear of gaining weight. Bulimia nervosa is a
psychiatric disorder characterized by periods of suffocation after which compensatory behaviors such as self-
reported vomiting, exercise, or abuse of diuretics and laxatives occur. People who have a baby can have normal
body weight, but they may be malnourished or have excessive body weight. Feeding disorders are severely subject
to classification due to many cross-overlaps. The basic criterion for anorexia nervousness is low body weight, and
bulimia nervous overpressure and overweight compensations. What is common to these disorders is intense
preoccupation with the appearance and size of the body and often dissatisfaction with them. DSM-IV in the
category of eating disorder includes diarrhea, which is characterized by periods of non-compensated overgrowth
and nonspecific eating disorders. Diagnosis of non-specific eating disorders is provided by people who do not meet
all criteria for diagnosing anorexia or bulimia nervosa. This diagnosis is set in most cases. Individuals may suffer
from many different eating disorders during a lifetime, and from one disorder to another, or show insufficiently
clinically relevant symptoms for diagnosing anorexia or bulimia, but still have a clinically significant eating
disorder. What is common to all feeding disorders is the interdependence of attitudes about body weight and
feeding control with wider personal problems such as low self-esteem and poor emotional control.
Feeding disorders usually occur for the first time in the adolescent period, although they have been reported in
the younger and older population. The average rate of prevalence of anorexia for adolescent and young women is
0.3%, and for bulimia anxiety 1%. The total incidence of nerve anorexia is 8 per 100,000 individuals per year, and
bulimia 12 per 100,000. Feeding disorders are considered to be psychological disorders with the highest mortality
rate. The incidence of anorexia nervosa over the past 50 years is increasing, especially in the age group of girls
between 10 and 24 years. Keeping a child in a modern society is a very common occurrence, and a certain amount
of concern about body weight, diet and appearance, and keeping baby are considered normative for young women.
Holding a child is considered to be the key and central component of a feeding disorder, and therefore such
behaviors should be carefully considered and taken seriously.
1
3. L I T E R A T U R E R E V I E W C H I C A G O S T Y L E S A M P L E
EATING DISORDERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS 2
Ward A., Gowers S. Attachment and Childhood Development. In: J. Treasure, U. Schmidt, E. Furth (Ed.), Handbook of eating
disorders (p. 89 - 103). (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2003).
7
7
Certain researchers find that problematic food-related behaviors can be observed on the continuum, with people
diagnosed with a clinical disorder not a qualitatively different group, but are on one extremity of that continuum.
This understanding points to the arbitrary difference between clinical disorders of nutrition and subclinical
disorders of attitudes and behavior on food. Disturbed patterns of behavior and opinions related to food and your
own body have a very negative impact on the daily lives of people who suffer from them. Understanding the
etiology of these problems is key to designing appropriate approaches to treatment and prevention. Feeding
disorders are related to many different psychological constructs, and many researchers emphasize the complexity
of their etiology and considering the results of the research to date, it is difficult to determine the unique causative
factor of their origin. Research has studied different variables, trying to find out whether they contribute to the
development of eating disorder and dissatisfaction with their own body. Biological and genetic factors, personality
factors, sociocultural and family factors have been recognized. The variables most frequently investigated in
relation to eating disorders are the characteristics of the individual (body mass index, self-esteem, unpleasant
emotion, depression, personality, perfectionism) and socio-cultural environment (family relationships and
communication, exposure to media, peers). Due to multiple causes and a large number of possible variables, it is
important to consider any factor that may contribute to understanding the etiology of eating disorders.
Numerous studies have shown that there are disturbed forms of attachment in the population affected by
eating disorders, and the most commonly observed form of uncertain attachment. In the etiology of eating
disorders, among other things, the factors of self-esteem, dissatisfaction with the body and keeping of the child
were shown to be prominent, and all of these factors can be related to parenting procedures, parental behavioral
modeling, family interactions and childhood attachment to parents. Styles of attachment in infancy and childhood
are an important factor that continues to affect developmental outcomes and adulthood by laying the foundations
for safety, social acceptance and general satisfaction with life. Adolescence is a period in which styles of
attachment continue to emerge despite the aspirations of adolescents to autonomy and independence from their
parents. Many adolescents in the periods of stress and hardship of their parents continue to perceive themselves as
sources of security and support, and styles of attachment are the basis for working models of relationships with
others who make contact with peers. Research shows that there is a link between styles of adherence in
adolescence and feeding problems. Uncertainly adolescent adolescents show a higher level of concern about body
weight and lower self-esteem than a safe-bred peer. Unsatisfied people have a diminished feeling of their own
value and a high level of rejection by others, which can lead to an increased need for acceptance by others and,
consequently, to increased sensitivity to social ideals such as social stress on slimness. The quality and form of
parenting plays a key role in the psychological development of children and it is considered that these variables are
a predictor of quality of later interpersonal relationships and have a huge impact on personality development and
psychological functioning such as self-esteem and self-respect.
4. L I T E R A T U R E R E V I E W C H I C A G O S T Y L E S A M P L E
EATING DISORDERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS 3
Apparigliato M., Fiore F., Ruggiero G. M., Mezzaluna C., Lamela C., Sassaroli S. Parental criticism, responsibility and humiliation
in eating disorders. In: S. Sassaroli & G. M. Ruggiero (Ed.), Cognitive therapy of eating disorders on control and worry (p. 79 - 93).
(New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011)
Bruch H. The golden cage: the enigma of anorexia nervosa. (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001)
Zubery E., Latzer Y., Stein D. Family-based program focused on parents in outpatient ED care: cognitive behavioral methods
combined with a psychodynamic approach in group settings. In: S. Sassaroli & G. M. Ruggiero (Ed.), Cognitive Therapy of Eating
Disorders on Control and Worry (p. 121- 137). (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011).
8
9
10
8
Within the theory of attachment, parenting sensitivity to child signs and answering these signs are considered
important for creating a child's sense of self-efficacy or a child's belief that it has control over events in their life.
Children who have been caring and caring for a parent have usually seen others as someone who is trustworthy and
caring, and loving and caring for themselves, which can later act as a protective factor. If children experience
ignorance and rejection, they may experience other people unreliable and unmerciful and unworthy of acting as a
risk factor for the development of various psychopathological states. Apparigliato et al. are considered parenting
criticism as particularly damaging because they are a source of stress for children and are defined as a recurring
and overwhelming form of communication where parents find numerous objections to the child. Bruch emphasizes
that parents with high expectations of children are often found in work with caregivers, while criticizing and
blaming the style of communication prevails in child's attempts in building an autonomous identity. According to
this author, the eating disorder is an individual's response to an inflexible parenting style in which an individual
becomes extremely vulnerable to the expectations and needs of his parents, but at the same time he feels lost,
empty, and helpless when faced with adolescent and childhood problems. Parents constantly deprive the child of
his autonomy by deciding what is good and what is bad for him not allowing him to explore his own ways of
joining the world and adapting to demands for adaptation, which as a result has a child's feeling of incompetence.
Mara Selvini Palazzoliand Salvador Minuchin were concerned with the family factors involved in the feeding
disorder, who thought that specific family mechanisms contributed to the development of eating disorders. They
have assumed that rigidity, the loss of boundaries between family members and their interdependence, too much
involvement and avoidance of conflict with the presence of the child's psychological sensitivity and personality
traits are the context for the development of the disorder and have tried to change the way the family function in
their therapeutic approaches. If we look at the family as a system, then the behavior of a member of a feeding
disorder is seen in the context of a feedback relationship with the entire family system and we study how
relationships among members contribute to the survival of the disorder. The system approach examines the
behavior and psychological state of an individual by emphasizing the continuous impact that family members have
on each other, from the very beginning of the child's life to the present moment, and takes into account the extent
to which family interactions manage the range of behavior of each family member. In the system paradigm, each
part of the system organizes the whole system, but also the other parts of it are organized.
9
10
5. L I T E R A T U R E R E V I E W C H I C A G O S T Y L E S A M P L E
EATING DISORDERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS 4
According to a system approach, there are certain patterns of family organization that are related to the
development and maintenance of feeding disorders, and the symptoms of a family member (a diseased child) play
a role in maintaining a family balance, so the disorder is not defined only through the behavior of the affected
individual but through interactions of all family members. Therefore, instead of studying the behavior of the
affected individual alone, behaviors and communication patterns across the family are being studied and
interactions and behaviors can be associated with maintaining the eating disorders in order to change these
interactions and behaviors.
During childhood adolescence, children's intimate relationships interact with their parents, especially in
relation to their mother, and the importance of fathers in the field of gender identification. In parental behavioral
research, the dimensions of heat (parental care, support, encouragement) and control (parental compulsion,
punishment, threat, emotional neglect) have been studied most often. Rohner's theory of parental acceptance and
rejection assumes that parental heat is a dimension that has two halves. One finds parenting rejection, and second
acceptance, and parents can be described as accepting or rejecting their accommodation in this dimension.
Accepting parents express love, give praise, compliments and reward their child, while refusing to show
aggression, indifference, and neglecting the child. Acceptance refers to positive emotional aspects of relationship
between parent and child, characterized by mutual intimacy, support, trust and understanding, and a certain
symmetry in relationships. Refusal refers to the child's perception of different parenting procedures ranging from
misunderstanding and revelation to complexity, neglect and punishment. Neglect can be defined as a child's
experience that parents are uninterested in him and that they do not devote enough time and attention to him, and
punish as an improper accusation, inappropriate mistakes or caused by the disapproval of parents.
6. L I T E R A T U R E R E V I E W C H I C A G O S T Y L E S A M P L E
EATING DISORDERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS 5
Hsu L.K. G. Eating Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press, 1990.
Palmer B. Concepts of Eating Disorders. In: J. Treasure, U. Schmidt, & E. Furth, (Ed.), Handbook of eating
disorders (p. 1 - 11). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
Sullivan P. F., Bulik C. M., Fear J. L. “Pickering a Outcome of anorexia nervosa: a case-control study”. Am J
Psychiatry. Jul; 155 (7) (1998): 939 - 6.
Hoeken D., Seidell J., Hoek H. W. Epidemiology. In: J. Treasure, U. Schmidt, & E. Furth (|Ed.), Handbook of
eating disorders (p. 11 - 35). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
Bäck E. A. Effects of parental relations and upbringing in troubled adolescent eating behaviours. Eating Disorders,
19, (2011): 1 – 22.
Ward A., Gowers S. Attachment and Childhood Development. In: J. Treasure, U. Schmidt, E. Furth (Ed.),
Handbook of eating disorders (p. 89 - 103). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
Apparigliato M., Fiore F., Ruggiero G. M., Mezzaluna C., Lamela C., Sassaroli S. Parental criticism, responsibility
and humiliation in eating disorders. In: S. Sassaroli & G. M. Ruggiero (Ed.), Cognitive therapy of eating disorders
on control and worry (p. 79 - 93). New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
Bruch H. The golden cage: the enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001.
Zubery E., Latzer Y., Stein D. Family-based program focused on parents in outpatient ED care: cognitive
behavioral methods combined with a psychodynamic approach in group settings. In: S. Sassaroli & G. M.
Ruggiero (Ed.), Cognitive Therapy of Eating Disorders on Control and Worry (p. 121- 137). New York: Nova
Science Publishers, 2011.