This document discusses digital light processing (DLP) technology. DLP uses thousands of tiny mirrors on a digital micromirror device (DMD) chip to reflect light and produce high-quality images. It provides advantages like brightness, sharpness, and versatility. The document outlines the history and components of DLP, how DLP works by converting signals and creating color and grayscale images, and applications like DLP televisions. Potential disadvantages include the "rainbow effect" seen by some users. The future of DLP is promising as the technology is used in more business and high-definition projection applications.

1. DIGITAL LIGHT PROCESSING AND IT’S
FUTURE APPLICATION

2. OUTLINE:
 Introduction
 History of Evolution
 Basic components of DLP
 How DLP works?
 Pixel structure of Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD)cell
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 Future roadmap
 References

3. Introduction:
 Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a display technology developed by Texas
Instruments.
 It is based on an optical semiconductor, called a DMD, which uses mirrors made
of aluminium to reflect light to make the picture.
 DMD can be combined with image processing, memory , a light source and
optics to form a DLP system capable of projecting images with better colour
fidelity and consistency than current technology.
 It provides all-digital projection displays that offer superior picture quality in
terms of resolution, brightness, contrast.

4. History of innovation:
 DMD was invented in 1987 by Dr. Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments.
 In 1993, it named the new technology DLP and formed a separate group
to develop commercial display applications .
 In 1994, TI demonstrated DLP projectors for the first time.
 Since 2000, several DLP technology based products such as projectors,
HDTV’s, 3-D printer, etc were introduced .

5. Why DLP?
 The traditional CRT projectors have RGB tubes which
makes the entire cabinet bulky.
 The LCD projectors use LCD light gates for projecting,
which introduces pixelation effect.
 In order to overcome all the drawbacks of previous
techniques, DLP was developed.

6. Components required for DLP:
 Light source
 Colour wheel
 DMD
 Memory
 Projection lens & screen
DMD
Color Wheel

7. Digital Micro Mirror Device (DMD)
 Heart of DLP.
 Invented by Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instrument.
 world's most sophisticated light switch.
 Rectangular array of up to 1.3 million of hinge-
mounted movable microscopic mirrors.
 Each mirror correspond to one pixel of image.
 The mirror is rigidly connected to an underlying yoke,
which is in turn connected to the hinges to support
posts that attaches the substrate.
 This DMD mirror is electronically driven.

8. Isometric schematic of DMD cell:
 These mirrors reflects light in either of two
directions depending on the state of underlying
memory cell.
>Not operating – parked at 0 degree
>On – Tilt +10 degrees
>Off – Tilt –10 degrees
>On/Off Switching – 1000 times/sec
 The tilt directs light toward the screen, or into a
"light trap" that eliminates unwanted light when
reproducing blacks and shadows.
 A glass window seals and protects the mirrors.

9. DLP: Adding Colors
 The white light passes through a color wheel
 The color wheel filters the light into red, green, and blue.
 A single-chip DLP projection system can create at least 16.7 million
colors.
 3-DMD chip system is capable of producing no fewer than 35 trillion
colors.

10. How DLP works ?
 Signal Conversion
 Gray Scale Image
 Color Creation

11. Step 1 – Signal Conversion:
 Accepts both analog or digital signal.
 All signals must be converted into digital.
 The digital signal, enables mirrors to tilt
towards “On” or away from “Off” light source.

12. Step 2 – Gray Scale Image:
 On” – light Pixel vs. “Off” – Dark Pixel
 Mirror switched on more frequently than off – Reflects Light Gray Pixel
 Rapid Switching allows up to 1024 shades of gray reflections
 Digitalized video signal entering DMD get converted into highly
detailed grayscale image
Not present

13. Step 3 – Color Creation:
 Color is added as white light from the lamp passes through a color wheel
filter.
 Color Wheel – RED, GREEN & BLUE.
 Mirrors on DMD are tilted on for the exact amount of time required for
each basic color.
 Only 1 color is shined onto DMD at a time.
 When spinning fast enough, human eyes blend alternating flashes to view
“more” colors in the projected image.
Color wheel present

15. Practically Implemented Model:
 DLP integrates a projection lamp and an electronic video signal from a source and the
processed light produces an all-digital picture.

16. Chip models of DLP:
Single chip model
 One chip DLP systems use a projection
lamp to pass white light through a colour
wheel that sends red-green-blue colours to
the DMD chip in a sequential order to
create an image on-screen.
Three chip model
 In three chip DLP systems use a
projection lamp to send white light
through a prism, which creates separate
red, green and blue light beams. Each
beam is send to their respective red,
green and blue DMD chip to process
the image for display on-screen.

17. Advantages:
 Brighter
-Because it brings more light from lamp to screen.
 Sharper
-As it can produce the closest mirror image of an incoming video of any
resolution .
 Versatile
-DLP projectors are small and light weight.
 Reliable
-it is capable of recreating the source material

18. Disadvantages:
 The only real disadvantage of DLP projectors is "rainbow
effect.“
• The Rainbow Effect often referred to as RBE, is a affect
that has some people seeing flashes of red, green and blue.
This is caused by the eye/brain dealing with the effects of
projectors using high speed, spinning colour filter wheels.
• Since a colour wheel is needed for this to occur, the only
types of projectors affected are DLP projectors, since they
are single chip devices, and require a colour wheel to add
colour.

19. LCD V/s DLP Projector:
DLP V/s LCD

20. Applications:
 DLP Televisions
 Digital Light Processing Television is a
technology that uses one, or sometimes three,
electronic chips called Digital Micro-mirror
Devices, or DMDs, to produce a vivid picture
with a high contrast ratio on a high-definition
large-screen TV.
 DLP is definitely fast enough to steer the light
around the falling rain drop – thereby avoiding
the blurred vision and blooming effect.

21. Conclusion:
 As compact disc revolutionized the audio industry, DLP will
revolutionize the video projection.
 Based on the reflected light produced by multiple mirrors, DLP
creates a final link to display visual information.

22. Future Roadmap:
 DLP projectors are becoming more common in business environments as
it incorporates high-definition image creation.
 Scientist and developers are likely to discover even more uses for DMDs
and DLP technology in the future.

23. References:
 Digital Light Processing™: A New MEMS-Based Display Technology Larry J. Hornbeck
Texas Instruments
 http://www.ti.com
 http://www.christiedigital.com
 Rainbow effect,http://www.projectorreviews.com