Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation for electronic documents. They involve attaching a digital code to an electronically transmitted document that verifies the document's contents and the sender's identity. The digital signature varies from document to document, ensuring the authenticity of each word. Public key infrastructure involves a certification authority that issues digital certificates binding users' identities to their public keys.
The document discusses various aspects of securing e-commerce networks. It describes digital certificates which serve to verify identity and are issued by a certification authority. There are four main types of digital certificates. The document also discusses selecting network security technologies based on principles like defense in depth. Technologies discussed for securing networks and protocols include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, virtual private networks, secure sockets layer (SSL), secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS), and public key infrastructure.
PKI is a set of components needed to issue and manage digital certificates. It includes hardware, software, policies and people. Certificates contain a subject's public key and are digitally signed by a certificate authority. PKIs can be public, where any system can validate certificates, or private, where only an organization's systems participate. Building a private PKI requires designing certificate templates and revocation processes. Managing certificates involves enrollment methods and checking certificate status.
Digital certificates are used for security and verification purposes when sending electronic messages. A sender applies for a digital certificate from a Certificate Authority containing their public key and identification. The recipient can then use the CA's public key to decode the attached certificate and verify the sender's identity and public key to encrypt a reply message.
Location based authentication new words approch secuiritySarath K
Authentication is accepting proof of identity given by a
credible person who has evidence on the said identity or on the
originator and the object under assessment as his artifact
respectively. Traditional authentication technique generally
requires an id and password to verify the identity of user. By
nature, user is looking for a password that is easy to remember
and secured from any attack. However, remembering many
complicated passwords, especially when user has different
accounts, is not an easy task. Earlier two factor authentication
technique is common in use. In the two factor authentication
individual can be identified by his user name and password. If
username and password is matched then process of
authentication is done and user can access the data. But in this
technique anyone can hack password and access information.
In many cases, users' passwords are stored in plain-text form on
the server machine. Anyone who can gain access to the server's
database has access to enough information to impersonate any
authenticable user. In cases in which users' passwords are stored
in encrypted form on the server machine, plain-text passwords
are still sent across a possibly-insecure network from the client to
the server. Anyone with access to the intervening network may
be able to "snoop” pairs out of conversations and replay them to
forge authentication to the system. Each separate system must
carry its own copy of each user's authentication information. As a
result, users must maintain passwords on each system to which
they authenticate, and so are likely to choose less-than-secure
passwords for convenience. Knowledge based authentication
uses secret information. When user provides some information to
authenticate himself as a legitimate user, the system processes
this information and suggests whether the user is legitimate or
not
The document discusses digital signatures, including how they work, their history, applications, and legal status in India. A digital signature uses public and private keys to authenticate a message sender's identity and verify that the message was not altered. It explains how digital signature certificates are issued by certified authorities and associate an individual's identity with their public and private keys. The document also addresses frequently asked questions about digital signatures, such as how they provide security, who issues them, how long they are valid for, and their legal standing.
Introduction to Public Key InfrastructureTheo Gravity
Adonis Fung and I worked on a project where we defined and built PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) for our local development and deployed environments. I gave a talk to our engineers on how PKI works, covering encryption, signing, trust stores, and how the HTTPS handshake works.
A presentation explaining the concepts of public key infrastructure. It covers topics like Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) introduction, Digital Certificate, Trust Services, Digital Signature Certificate, TLS Certificate, Code Signing Certificate, Time Stamping, Email Encryption Certificate
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation for electronic documents. They involve attaching a digital code to an electronically transmitted document that verifies the document's contents and the sender's identity. The digital signature varies from document to document, ensuring the authenticity of each word. Public key infrastructure involves a certification authority that issues digital certificates binding users' identities to their public keys.
The document discusses various aspects of securing e-commerce networks. It describes digital certificates which serve to verify identity and are issued by a certification authority. There are four main types of digital certificates. The document also discusses selecting network security technologies based on principles like defense in depth. Technologies discussed for securing networks and protocols include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, virtual private networks, secure sockets layer (SSL), secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS), and public key infrastructure.
PKI is a set of components needed to issue and manage digital certificates. It includes hardware, software, policies and people. Certificates contain a subject's public key and are digitally signed by a certificate authority. PKIs can be public, where any system can validate certificates, or private, where only an organization's systems participate. Building a private PKI requires designing certificate templates and revocation processes. Managing certificates involves enrollment methods and checking certificate status.
Digital certificates are used for security and verification purposes when sending electronic messages. A sender applies for a digital certificate from a Certificate Authority containing their public key and identification. The recipient can then use the CA's public key to decode the attached certificate and verify the sender's identity and public key to encrypt a reply message.
Location based authentication new words approch secuiritySarath K
Authentication is accepting proof of identity given by a
credible person who has evidence on the said identity or on the
originator and the object under assessment as his artifact
respectively. Traditional authentication technique generally
requires an id and password to verify the identity of user. By
nature, user is looking for a password that is easy to remember
and secured from any attack. However, remembering many
complicated passwords, especially when user has different
accounts, is not an easy task. Earlier two factor authentication
technique is common in use. In the two factor authentication
individual can be identified by his user name and password. If
username and password is matched then process of
authentication is done and user can access the data. But in this
technique anyone can hack password and access information.
In many cases, users' passwords are stored in plain-text form on
the server machine. Anyone who can gain access to the server's
database has access to enough information to impersonate any
authenticable user. In cases in which users' passwords are stored
in encrypted form on the server machine, plain-text passwords
are still sent across a possibly-insecure network from the client to
the server. Anyone with access to the intervening network may
be able to "snoop” pairs out of conversations and replay them to
forge authentication to the system. Each separate system must
carry its own copy of each user's authentication information. As a
result, users must maintain passwords on each system to which
they authenticate, and so are likely to choose less-than-secure
passwords for convenience. Knowledge based authentication
uses secret information. When user provides some information to
authenticate himself as a legitimate user, the system processes
this information and suggests whether the user is legitimate or
not
The document discusses digital signatures, including how they work, their history, applications, and legal status in India. A digital signature uses public and private keys to authenticate a message sender's identity and verify that the message was not altered. It explains how digital signature certificates are issued by certified authorities and associate an individual's identity with their public and private keys. The document also addresses frequently asked questions about digital signatures, such as how they provide security, who issues them, how long they are valid for, and their legal standing.
Introduction to Public Key InfrastructureTheo Gravity
Adonis Fung and I worked on a project where we defined and built PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) for our local development and deployed environments. I gave a talk to our engineers on how PKI works, covering encryption, signing, trust stores, and how the HTTPS handshake works.
A presentation explaining the concepts of public key infrastructure. It covers topics like Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) introduction, Digital Certificate, Trust Services, Digital Signature Certificate, TLS Certificate, Code Signing Certificate, Time Stamping, Email Encryption Certificate
Digital Signature, Electronic Signature, How digital signature works, Confidentiality of digital signature, Authenticity of digital signature, Integrity of digital signature, standard of digital signature, Algorithm of digital signature, Mathematical base of digital signature, parameters of digital signature, key computation of digital signature, key generation of digital signature, verification of of digital signature
The document discusses digital signatures, including what they are, how they work, and their use and importance for organizations. A digital signature is a small block of encrypted data attached to an electronic document that verifies the signer's identity and ensures the document has not been altered. For organizations, digital signatures can save significant time and costs compared to physical signatures by allowing remote signing of documents without printing or delivery. While some prefer the personal connection of handwritten signatures, digital signatures are more secure and efficient and will likely replace physical signatures as the technology becomes more advanced and widely used.
This document discusses digital signatures, including what they are, how they work, and why they are important. Digital signatures use public key cryptography to authenticate the identity of the sender and ensure the integrity of digital messages or documents. They generate a unique hash of the data, encrypt it with the sender's private key, and attach it to the message. Anyone can then decrypt the hash using the sender's public key and verify that the data has not been altered since signing. Digital signatures help ensure secure online transactions and detect forgery or tampering of digital information.
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation to electronic documents by using public key infrastructure. Under PKI, each individual has a public/private key pair, and certification authorities verify and certify individuals' public keys. Digital signatures are generated by encrypting a document hash with an individual's private key and can be verified by decrypting with the corresponding public key.
This document discusses digital signatures and how they provide security services like secrecy, authentication, non-repudiation and integrity. It explains that digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography with a private key for signing and a public key for verification. The digital signature is created by hashing the message and signing it with the private key. When received, the message hash is verified using the public key to authenticate that the signature was created by the private key owner and that the message has not been altered. Digital signatures thus authenticate messages and ensure non-repudiation by binding the signer to the message in a way that can be verified.
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, such that the sender cannot deny having sent the message (authentication and non-repudiation) and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity). Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.
Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures. In some countries, including the United States, India, and members of the European Union, electronic signatures have legal significance.
This document provides an overview of public key infrastructure (PKI). It discusses how PKI uses public key cryptography and digital certificates to securely distribute public keys. A PKI relies on certificate authorities (CAs) to issue and revoke certificates binding public keys to their owners. It also discusses the roles of CAs, registration authorities, repositories, and clients in a PKI. The document outlines how standards bodies are working to develop PKI standards and the need for testing interoperability between PKI components. It notes that while PKI can support some applications today, a global public key infrastructure is not yet achievable and full interoperability has not been established.
Seminar presentation on digital signature pptRavi Ranjan
This document discusses digital signatures. It begins by introducing digital signatures as an electronic equivalent to handwritten signatures for authenticating documents. It then explains that a digital signature is created by encrypting a document's hash value with the sender's private key. The digital signature and public key allow any recipient to verify the sender's identity and confirm the document has not been altered. The document outlines the basic requirements for digital signatures like private and public keys and digital certificates. It also describes how the technology works and some common applications as well as challenges and drawbacks of digital signatures.
Digital signature certificates (DSC) provide a digital equivalent of a physical signature and can verify identity online. There are two main types of DSC in India - Class 2 for individuals and Class 3 for organizations requiring higher assurance. The government assures five companies can provide DSCs across India, like TCS and ACE Technology in Rajasthan. DSCs allow vendors, bidders, and others to electronically sign and submit documents from anywhere, reducing paperwork. The goal is to make government services more accessible online through programs like MCA21.
Signing an e-mail message means that you attach your Digital Certificate to it so that the recipient knows it came from you and was not tampered with en-route to their inbox
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents and allow for secure e-governance and e-commerce using the internet. A digital signature is created using a private key to sign a message, and the signature can be verified using the corresponding public key. Digital signatures employ asymmetric cryptography and consist of key generation, signing, and verification algorithms. Hardware tokens like smart cards and USB tokens securely store private keys to generate digital signatures on documents. The Controller of Certifying Authorities licenses and regulates certification authorities in India to issue digital signature certificates.
Digital signatures provide authentication of digital documents by using asymmetric cryptography algorithms like RSA. Digital signatures demonstrate that a message was created by a known sender and was not altered in transit. They are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and anywhere unaltered authentication is important. Digital signatures work by using public and private keys to encrypt a hash of the message, validating the source and integrity of the signed document.
This presentation covers:
What is Digital Signature ?
How does digital signature work?
Advantages and Shortcomings of Digital Signatures
What is e-Commerce
How does e-commerce work?
Advantages and Disadvantages of e-commerce
Kerberos is an authentication protocol that allows nodes communicating over an untrusted network to verify each other's identity. It uses symmetric encryption and a trusted third party called the Key Distribution Center (KDC) to authenticate users and services. The KDC issues credentials called tickets that grant access to trusted services across the network. Kerberos provides single sign-on by generating session keys that allow access to multiple services without re-authenticating. It is built into major operating systems and enables secure authentication over an insecure network like the internet.
Vague powerpoint on What is digital signature? Why it came into the picture? How it is use to individuals in present generation? Advantages and disadvantages of Digital Signature.
Digital signature and certificate authorityKrutiShah114
This presentation will give you a broad view about digital signature and certificate authority. It also explains the difference between digital signature and electronic signature.
This document discusses the implementation of SSL and TLS for securing application servers. It provides an overview of how SSL and TLS establish secure connections using encryption, authentication, and integrity checks. It also covers the basics of public key cryptography, including asymmetric encryption, digital signatures, certificates, and certificate authorities.
Presentation on digital signatures & digital certificatesVivaka Nand
Digital signatures and digital certificates use public key cryptography to authenticate users and verify the integrity of digital documents. A digital signature is created by encrypting a document with a user's private key. Anyone can then decrypt the signature using the signer's public key to verify that the document came from the correct user and has not been altered. Digital certificates contain a user's public key and identification information, and are digitally signed by a Certificate Authority to validate the certificate. Common uses of digital signatures and certificates include encrypting messages, authenticating users, and facilitating secure online transactions.
Digital certificates certify the identity of individuals, institutions, or devices seeking access to information online. They are issued by a Certification Authority which verifies the identity of the certificate holder and embeds their public key and information into the certificate. Digital certificates allow for secure online transactions by providing identity verification, non-repudiation of transactions, encryption of communications, and single sign-on access to systems. They are commonly used in applications that require authentication and encryption like SSL, S/MIME, SET, and IPSec.
Digital Signature, Electronic Signature, How digital signature works, Confidentiality of digital signature, Authenticity of digital signature, Integrity of digital signature, standard of digital signature, Algorithm of digital signature, Mathematical base of digital signature, parameters of digital signature, key computation of digital signature, key generation of digital signature, verification of of digital signature
The document discusses digital signatures, including what they are, how they work, and their use and importance for organizations. A digital signature is a small block of encrypted data attached to an electronic document that verifies the signer's identity and ensures the document has not been altered. For organizations, digital signatures can save significant time and costs compared to physical signatures by allowing remote signing of documents without printing or delivery. While some prefer the personal connection of handwritten signatures, digital signatures are more secure and efficient and will likely replace physical signatures as the technology becomes more advanced and widely used.
This document discusses digital signatures, including what they are, how they work, and why they are important. Digital signatures use public key cryptography to authenticate the identity of the sender and ensure the integrity of digital messages or documents. They generate a unique hash of the data, encrypt it with the sender's private key, and attach it to the message. Anyone can then decrypt the hash using the sender's public key and verify that the data has not been altered since signing. Digital signatures help ensure secure online transactions and detect forgery or tampering of digital information.
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation to electronic documents by using public key infrastructure. Under PKI, each individual has a public/private key pair, and certification authorities verify and certify individuals' public keys. Digital signatures are generated by encrypting a document hash with an individual's private key and can be verified by decrypting with the corresponding public key.
This document discusses digital signatures and how they provide security services like secrecy, authentication, non-repudiation and integrity. It explains that digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography with a private key for signing and a public key for verification. The digital signature is created by hashing the message and signing it with the private key. When received, the message hash is verified using the public key to authenticate that the signature was created by the private key owner and that the message has not been altered. Digital signatures thus authenticate messages and ensure non-repudiation by binding the signer to the message in a way that can be verified.
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, such that the sender cannot deny having sent the message (authentication and non-repudiation) and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity). Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.
Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures. In some countries, including the United States, India, and members of the European Union, electronic signatures have legal significance.
This document provides an overview of public key infrastructure (PKI). It discusses how PKI uses public key cryptography and digital certificates to securely distribute public keys. A PKI relies on certificate authorities (CAs) to issue and revoke certificates binding public keys to their owners. It also discusses the roles of CAs, registration authorities, repositories, and clients in a PKI. The document outlines how standards bodies are working to develop PKI standards and the need for testing interoperability between PKI components. It notes that while PKI can support some applications today, a global public key infrastructure is not yet achievable and full interoperability has not been established.
Seminar presentation on digital signature pptRavi Ranjan
This document discusses digital signatures. It begins by introducing digital signatures as an electronic equivalent to handwritten signatures for authenticating documents. It then explains that a digital signature is created by encrypting a document's hash value with the sender's private key. The digital signature and public key allow any recipient to verify the sender's identity and confirm the document has not been altered. The document outlines the basic requirements for digital signatures like private and public keys and digital certificates. It also describes how the technology works and some common applications as well as challenges and drawbacks of digital signatures.
Digital signature certificates (DSC) provide a digital equivalent of a physical signature and can verify identity online. There are two main types of DSC in India - Class 2 for individuals and Class 3 for organizations requiring higher assurance. The government assures five companies can provide DSCs across India, like TCS and ACE Technology in Rajasthan. DSCs allow vendors, bidders, and others to electronically sign and submit documents from anywhere, reducing paperwork. The goal is to make government services more accessible online through programs like MCA21.
Signing an e-mail message means that you attach your Digital Certificate to it so that the recipient knows it came from you and was not tampered with en-route to their inbox
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents and allow for secure e-governance and e-commerce using the internet. A digital signature is created using a private key to sign a message, and the signature can be verified using the corresponding public key. Digital signatures employ asymmetric cryptography and consist of key generation, signing, and verification algorithms. Hardware tokens like smart cards and USB tokens securely store private keys to generate digital signatures on documents. The Controller of Certifying Authorities licenses and regulates certification authorities in India to issue digital signature certificates.
Digital signatures provide authentication of digital documents by using asymmetric cryptography algorithms like RSA. Digital signatures demonstrate that a message was created by a known sender and was not altered in transit. They are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and anywhere unaltered authentication is important. Digital signatures work by using public and private keys to encrypt a hash of the message, validating the source and integrity of the signed document.
This presentation covers:
What is Digital Signature ?
How does digital signature work?
Advantages and Shortcomings of Digital Signatures
What is e-Commerce
How does e-commerce work?
Advantages and Disadvantages of e-commerce
Kerberos is an authentication protocol that allows nodes communicating over an untrusted network to verify each other's identity. It uses symmetric encryption and a trusted third party called the Key Distribution Center (KDC) to authenticate users and services. The KDC issues credentials called tickets that grant access to trusted services across the network. Kerberos provides single sign-on by generating session keys that allow access to multiple services without re-authenticating. It is built into major operating systems and enables secure authentication over an insecure network like the internet.
Vague powerpoint on What is digital signature? Why it came into the picture? How it is use to individuals in present generation? Advantages and disadvantages of Digital Signature.
Digital signature and certificate authorityKrutiShah114
This presentation will give you a broad view about digital signature and certificate authority. It also explains the difference between digital signature and electronic signature.
This document discusses the implementation of SSL and TLS for securing application servers. It provides an overview of how SSL and TLS establish secure connections using encryption, authentication, and integrity checks. It also covers the basics of public key cryptography, including asymmetric encryption, digital signatures, certificates, and certificate authorities.
Presentation on digital signatures & digital certificatesVivaka Nand
Digital signatures and digital certificates use public key cryptography to authenticate users and verify the integrity of digital documents. A digital signature is created by encrypting a document with a user's private key. Anyone can then decrypt the signature using the signer's public key to verify that the document came from the correct user and has not been altered. Digital certificates contain a user's public key and identification information, and are digitally signed by a Certificate Authority to validate the certificate. Common uses of digital signatures and certificates include encrypting messages, authenticating users, and facilitating secure online transactions.
Digital certificates certify the identity of individuals, institutions, or devices seeking access to information online. They are issued by a Certification Authority which verifies the identity of the certificate holder and embeds their public key and information into the certificate. Digital certificates allow for secure online transactions by providing identity verification, non-repudiation of transactions, encryption of communications, and single sign-on access to systems. They are commonly used in applications that require authentication and encryption like SSL, S/MIME, SET, and IPSec.
A digital certificate is a unique electronic document that identifies an individual or organization. It uses public key infrastructure (PKI) to allow secure data exchange over the internet. A digital certificate contains a public key and is digitally signed by a certificate authority (CA) that verifies the identity of the requester. When user A sends a message to user B, user B can verify user A's certificate by checking the CA's digital signature on the certificate using the CA's public key. Digital certificates are important for secure communication, online banking, expanding e-commerce, and protecting against online threats. The major types are SSL certificates for servers, code signing certificates for software, and client certificates for identifying individuals.
Public key infrastructure (PKI) uses public and private key cryptography and digital certificates to provide security services like authentication, non-repudiation, and data integrity. A PKI system uses certification authorities to validate users' identities and issue digital certificates that bind public keys to those identities. These certificates allow users to securely exchange information and digitally sign documents online through services like SSL/TLS and S/MIME. Smart cards can serve as portable devices for storing users' private keys and certificates to enable strong authentication on untrusted devices.
Impact of digital certificate in network securityrhassan84
This document discusses digital certificates, including an overview of what they are, their current uses, benefits, and barriers to implementation. Digital certificates use public key infrastructure to securely exchange information online by establishing identity. They are commonly used for secure communication, online banking, e-commerce, and preventing threats. Potential benefits include minimal user involvement, no extra hardware needs, and easy management, while barriers include financial costs and technological challenges. Future trends may help digital certificates overcome current barriers.
Impact of digital certificate in network securityrhassan84
The document discusses digital certificates, including an overview of what they are, the types, what they contain, how they are obtained and installed, and their role in establishing secure connections. It notes that digital certificates help verify identities and secure online transactions using public key infrastructure. It also outlines some of the key benefits of digital certificates, as well as potential barriers to their implementation and future trends, such as overcoming issues with server crashes.
Digital certificates allow for secure electronic communication and transactions over the internet. There are three main types of digital certificates: secure socket layer (SSL) certificates, code signing certificates, and client certificates. SSL certificates secure credit card transactions and login information on a website using encryption. Code signing certificates digitally sign software to authenticate that it comes from the claimed publisher. Client certificates contain information about a client that allows a server to identify and authenticate the client during a secure session. Digital certificates are issued by certificate authorities to facilitate secure e-commerce and internet communication using public key infrastructure (PKI) technology.
Digital Signature in Indian Evidence act .pptx9jz8vgkshv
Digital signatures provide a secure way to authenticate digital documents and messages. They use asymmetric encryption and digital certificates to verify identity and ensure document integrity. A digital signature is created by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, and can be verified by decrypting the signature with the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the identity of the sender and that the message content was not altered after signature. Digital signatures have legal standing and provide benefits like authentication, non-repudiation, and ensuring documents have not been tampered with.
Digital Signatdsbuisduifhudosffdosfure.pptxMuthuvasanSR
Digital signatures provide a secure way to authenticate digital documents and messages. They use asymmetric encryption and digital certificates to verify identity and ensure document integrity. A digital signature is created by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, and can be verified by decrypting the signature with the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the identity of the sender and that the message content was not altered after signature.
A digital signature provides authentication of the sender, integrity of the document, and non-repudiation by using public key cryptography. It consists of a signing process, where the document is hashed and the hash is encrypted with the private key and attached to the original document. In verification, the signature is decrypted with the public key and compared to a newly generated hash of the document to validate authenticity. Digital signatures are commonly used for legally binding electronic documents and communications to establish trust between parties.
This document summarizes digital certificates. It defines a digital certificate as an attachment to an electronic message used for security purposes, similar to IDs like a driver's license. It discusses key terms like encryption, decryption, public and private keys. It describes the content and types of digital certificates. It also explains the role of certification authorities in issuing certificates and validating identity. The process of obtaining a certificate involves applying to a CA, who verifies identity and issues a certificate containing the applicant's public key. Digital certificates provide advantages like authentication, integrity, confidentiality and access control for network communications. Many enterprises have found deploying digital certificate systems necessary to support growing networks and remote access.
Security and Payment in E-Business is a prime focus of any organisation engaged in e-business. This presentation helps you to improve your knowledge about online payments and online security
The document provides an overview of encryption, digital signatures, and SSL certificates. It discusses how public key encryption uses a private key and public key to encrypt messages. Digital signatures authenticate the identity of the sender and ensure messages remain intact. SSL certificates allow browsers and servers to establish an encrypted connection by containing a public key and verifying identity with a Certificate Authority. The client's browser verifies the server's certificate with the CA to trust the secure connection.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on public key infrastructure (PKI). It discusses key concepts of PKI including digital signatures, certificates, validation, revocation, and the roles of certification authorities. The presentation covers how asymmetric encryption, hashing, and digital signatures enable secure authentication and authorization in a PKI. It also examines the entities, operations, and technologies involved in implementing and managing a PKI, such as certificate authorities, registration authorities, key generation and storage, and certification revocation lists.
Understanding Digital Certificates & Secure Sockets LayerCheapSSLUSA
This document provides an overview of digital certificates and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) technology. It discusses how digital certificates are used to verify identity and enable encrypted communication. SSL uses public/private key encryption and digital certificates to create secure connections between web browsers and servers. The document also describes SSL certificates, how SSL encryption strength is determined, and how public trust is established through certificate authorities whose root keys are embedded in web browsers. It provides information on Entrust's SSL certificate offerings and certificate management services to help secure online transactions.
Digital certificates are issued by a Certificate Authority to verify identity and ensure secure communication online. They certify that a person or website is reliable and protect exchanged data from tampering. Digital certificates are important for e-commerce because they provide identification, confidentiality, non-repudiation, and public trust during online payments and transactions when customers enter sensitive information. HTTPS uses SSL/TLS encryption to establish secure links between browsers and websites using digital certificates.
Digital signatures provide authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation for digital documents and messages. They work by using public key cryptography where a private key is used to sign a message hash and the corresponding public key can then verify that the signature is valid. Digital signatures are important for electronic transactions and communications where the identity of the sender and the integrity of the message need to be assured. However, digital signatures are only as secure as the private keys used to create them.
The document discusses digital signatures and encryption. It defines encryption as converting data into cipher text. There are two main types of encryption - private key encryption where each computer has a secret key, and public key encryption which uses a combination of private and public keys. A digital signature mathematically validates the authenticity and integrity of a message to prevent tampering. It serves as an electronic equivalent of a handwritten signature. The document then discusses the history and applications of digital signatures, and how digital signature certificates work by associating an identity with a public/private key pair.
This document discusses WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), a wireless technology that provides broadband connections over long distances. WiMAX uses the IEEE 802.16 standard to provide compatibility between networks. It uses towers to transmit signals up to 50 km to receivers like computers or phones. WiMAX offers faster speeds, wider coverage areas, and lower costs than technologies like 3G or WiFi by avoiding the need to lay physical wiring. It has the potential to deliver wireless broadband connectivity to more users.
Smart dust is a system of tiny wireless sensor nodes called "motes" that can detect things like light, temperature, etc. These motes use MEMS technology to build small sensors and communication components. They are powered by even smaller power supplies. Each mote is run by a microcontroller that reads sensor data and stores it in memory. The microcontroller then uses an onboard laser or mirror to transmit the data optically to a base station or other motes remotely. This allows the user to change the behavior of the motes from a distance. Communication can happen either through radio frequency or optical signals bounced using lasers, allowing simultaneous data collection from thousands of sensors.
The document describes the Sixth Sense technology, a wearable gestural interface developed by Pranav Mistry. It consists of a camera, projector, and smartphone that allows hand gestures to be used to access and manipulate information. The camera tracks hand movements and colored markers to interpret gestures and project corresponding interfaces. Applications include getting information, taking pictures, maps, and enhanced news reading by interacting directly with the physical environment through natural hand motions. While portable and providing a more intuitive interface, limitations include issues with image noise and cost of the individual components.
The document describes the Rolltop laptop concept, which uses a flexible OLED display screen that can be rolled up around a central column. The screen detaches from the column and can be used as a 17-inch tablet, notebook computer by raising one end of the screen, or desktop monitor. The central column contains components like speakers, ports and batteries. It allows the laptop to be portable by rolling up the screen around the column and carrying it like a purse. The Rolltop offers benefits like flexibility in usage modes, efficient cooling and portability over traditional laptops.
NTT is developing RedTacton, a new human area networking technology that allows devices to communicate through touch over short distances. RedTacton uses the human body and various conductors or dielectrics as transmission media to enable touch-triggered interactions between devices at speeds up to 10Mbps. It has applications for instant data sharing, intuitive device operation, personalized automobiles that load user settings automatically, and security systems that authenticate users with a touch. RedTacton could provide more secure and convenient connectivity than existing local network technologies.
This document summarizes the hardware and software requirements for Windows 8.1. It outlines the minimum and recommended specifications for PCs, including processors supporting PAE and NX with at least 1GB of RAM for 32-bit or 2GB for 64-bit systems. It also provides requirements for tablets and convertibles such as graphics cards supporting DirectX 10 with WDDM 1.2, 10GB of storage, and touchscreens of at least 1366x768 resolution. Additional requirements include cameras, sensors, USB ports and wireless connectivity for tablets. The document also mentions new features of Windows 8.1 like faster startup, file history and task manager, as well as Windows To Go and addresses queries.
Haptics is a technology that uses haptic devices to allow users to touch and feel virtual objects. By providing tactile and force feedback, haptic devices can simulate interactions with computer-generated environments and remotely touch objects. This enhances the sense of presence in virtual reality and telepresence by extending the sense of touch. Haptics has applications in gaming, virtual reality, virtual surgery, military training, robot control, and more. Continued development aims to make haptic devices smaller, lighter and easier to use.
Holographic data storage is a breakthrough technology that stores data by recording holograms in a photosensitive storage medium using the interference pattern between a signal beam containing data and a reference beam. It allows millions of bits of data to be written and read in parallel using a single flash of light, providing extremely fast data transfer rates and enormous storage capacities by multiplexing many holograms in the same storage volume. The key advantages are speed of retrieval, which can be tens of microseconds compared to milliseconds for hard disks, and flexibility of information search and retrieval.
Firewalls are used to securely interconnect private networks to the Internet and protect them from external threats. They implement an organization's security policy by filtering network traffic and only allowing authorized connections based on properties like source/destination addresses and ports. There are different types of firewalls that operate at various layers of the network model and use techniques like packet filtering, application proxies, authentication, and content inspection to enforce security. Organizations should choose a firewall configuration based on their specific security needs, from dual-homed gateways to screened subnets in demilitarized zones.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
2. A digital certificate is equivalent to an
electronic id card.
It serves two purposes:
To establish the identity of the owner of the
certificate.
To distribute the owner's public key
3. Web Server Certificates:
These are the electronic equivalent of a
business license.
It assures potential customers that the
site they are visiting is a legitimate
business.
4. Developer Certificates:
These certificates enable developers to sign
software and macros and deliver them safely to
customers over the Internet.
The customer can be confident that the
software or macros are legitimate.
Personal Certificates:
These certificates secures e-mail
conversations and access to corporate web
servers.
5. Service Thawte Verisign
Server
certificates
Initial server
certificates
$125 $349
Server
certificate
renewal
$100 $249
Personal
certificates
Class1 Free $14.95
Class2 $20 $14.95
Developer
certificates
Initial certificate $200 $100
Renewal $100 $400
6. How DCs Protect the Data
1. Encryption & Digital Certificates are the solution for
Internet Commerce. Used together, they protect your
data as it travels over the Internet.
2. Encryption is the process of using a mathematical
algorithm to transform information into a format that
can't be read (this format is called cipher text).
Decryption is the process of using another algorithm
to transform encrypted information back into a
readable format (this format is called plain text).
3. Digital Certificates are your digital passport, an
Internet ID. They are verification of you who you are
and the integrity of your data
7. Digital Certificates Protect & Secure:
Authentication:
This is digital verification of who you are, much
in the same way your driver's license proves
your identity. It is very easy to send spoofed
email.
Integrity:
This is the verification that the data you sent
has not been altered. When email or other data
travels across the Internet, it routes through
various gateways (way stations). It is possible
for people to capture, alter, then resend the
message.
8. Encryption:
This ensures that your data was unable to
be read or utilized by any party while in transit. Your
message is encrypted into incomprehensible gibberish
before it leaves your computer. It maintains it
encrypted (gibberish) state during it's travel through
the Internet. It is not de-crypt until the recipient
receives it. Because of the public-key cryptography
used (discussed later) only the recipient can decipher
the received message, no one else can.
9. Token verification:
Digital tokens replace your password which
can be easily guessed. Tokens offer a more secure
way of access to sensitive data. The most
common way to secure data or a web site is with
passwords. Before anyone access the data, they
are prompted with their user login id and
password. However, this is easily cracked using
various security software (such as Crack 5.0, etc.).
Also, passwords can be found with other means,
such as social engineering. Passwords are not
secure. Token verification is more secure.
10. Requesting certificates
Certificate Request
To get a certificate, you must send a certificate request to
the CA.
It includes the following:
1. The distinguished name of the owner (the user for
whom the certificate is being requested).
2. The public key of the owner.
3. The digital signature of the owner.
11. Contents of a digital certificate :
A certificate contains several pieces of
information, including information about the owner of
the certificate and the issuing CA. Specifically, a
certificate includes:
1. The distinguished name (DN) of the owner. A DN is a
unique identifier, a fully qualified name including not
only the common name (CN) of the owner, but the
owner's organization and other distinguishing
information.
2. The public key of the owner.
12. 3. The date on which the certificate was issued.
4. The date on which the certificate expires.
5. The distinguished name of the issuing CA.
6. The digital signature of the issuing CA. (The
message-digest function is run over all the
preceding fields.)
13. Digital Certificates provide a way to authenticate
communication on the Internet. They come in three
flavors: personal, web server, and developer certificates.
Personal certificates are primarily used for e-mail.
Universal acceptance and widespread use will
depend on the industry’s ability to communicate in
understandable terms and the development of a true
standard
Four factors
1. Cost
2. Compatibility
3. Perceived need
4. Familiarity