The digestive system breaks down food so that nutrients can be released and used for energy. Food travels through the digestive tract, which begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. The mouth contains teeth for breaking down food and saliva for softening it. Food then travels to the stomach through the esophagus and is further broken down by stomach acids and enzymes before moving to the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs through villi. The large intestine then absorbs remaining nutrients and water before waste is excreted through the anus.

1. Digestive
System

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Martensson
The part of your body that deals with the food is called the digestive
system. Its main job is to break down what you eat so the nutrients in the
food can be released to make the energy that your body needs.
Digestive System
Swallowing is the start of a long journey for your food that takes 24
hours or more. This process involves travelling up to 30 feet through a dark
tube full of powerful chemicals.
Let’s Learn

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Martensson
Digestive tract – is a long
tube that starts at the mouth and
ends at the anus. Food is chewed in
the mouth, swallowed down the
throat, and pushed through the
esophagus or gullet into the
stomach. It then travels through the
small and large intestines to the
anus, where any waste is released.

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Martensson
1. Mouth
The mouth is where the process of
digestive starts. The tongue and the teeth
are found in the mouth. The inside of the
mouth is lubricated with saliva that comes
from salivary glands.
Structure and Functions of Each Part of
the Digestive System

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Martensson
chisel-like incisors – have straight
narrow edges for biting ang slicing
food.
canines (eye teeth) – near to the
incisors are tall and pointed to the
tear and rip food.
premolars and molars (cheek
teeth) – are broad and flat with
rounded humps for crushing and
chewing food.
saliva or spit – is a liquid
substance that helps moisten and
soften the food and make it even
pulpy.

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Martensson
2. Esophagus
Is a muscular tube that can be open and close at the upper end
which is connected to the pharynx and can open and close at the
lower end which is connected to the stomach.

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Martensson
The walls of the esophagus consist of smooth muscles. The
wavelike movement of these muscles, called peristalsis, pushes the
food down to the stomach.

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Martensson
3. Stomach
Is a hollow muscular organ shaped like a bag. Its upper end is
connected to the esophagus while its lower end is connected to the small
intestine.

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Martensson
sphincter muscles – The upper and lower ends of the stomach have
smooth circular muscles.
rugae – Folded ridges in the stomach wall that flatten out whenever the
stomach is filled with food.
mucosa – The innermost layer tissue of stomach.
Submucosa – The touch and stretchy layer that covers mucosa.
muscularis propia – The main muscle of the stomach that covers the
submucosa.
serosa – The layer of fibrous membrane that that covers the outside of the
stomach.

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Martensson
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Martensson
4. Small intestine
A long coiled, coiled up, winding tube located inside the
abdomen or he soft area below the ribs.
villi – millions of tiny fingerlike parts
which most nutrients pass to the
bloodstream. Nutrients, vitamins,
and medicines can quickly and
efficiently be absorbed by the body
in the small intestine.

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Martensson
5. Large intestine
It is also located in the abdomen or soft area in front of the
body and much shorter than small intestine but it is much wider. Its
main tasks are to take a few nutrients from the remaining digested
food and to remove as much as water as the body needs. The waste
matter is then ready for removal.

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Martensson
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One end of the large intestine is connected to the small intestine
while the other end is connected to the anus.
cecum – First section of the large intestine, located in the lower abdominal
cavity and the receiving section of the undigested food material from the
small intestine.
colon – Longest section next to the cecum, it is where food is changed into
waste matter.
rectum – Large section and the terminal segment of the digestive system
where the accumulation of feces occurs just before discharge.

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You