The most relevant aspect about differences in learning

1. Common belief
says children
learn more than
older learners
• Other
researches show
leaning can be
success as Initial
rate or as
Younger advantages
• Brain plasticity
• Non analytical
• Fewer inhibitions
(usually)
• Weaker group
identity
• Simplified input more
likely
Older advantages
• Learning Capacity
• Analytic Ability
• Pragmatic Skills
• Greater Knowledge
of L1
• Real-world
Knowledge
AGE

2. Western culture
belief females
learn better than
male.
Woman are better
in verbal fluency
Males are better
for speech
Females are better
memorizing
Males are better in
compositional
rules

3. IT HAS FOUR COMPONENTS PROPOSED BY
CARROLL (1965):
INDUCTIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING
ABILITY AND GRAMMATICAL
SENSITIVITY
ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY CAPACITY
• PHONETIC CODING ABILITY
• Ability to analyze the phoneme in order to
recognize morphemes.
• They are central processing
• Infer structures
• Recognize grammatical functions
• It determines speakers fluency
• Individual ability may vary by factors
• Some learners success because of their
language-analytic abilities
• Other success of their memory aptitude

4. It encloses the
following
components:
Significant goal
or need
Desire to
attain the goal
Perception that
learning L2 is
relevant to fulfilling
the goal or meeting
the need.
Belief in the likely
success or failure of
Learning L2
Belief in the likely success or
failure of Learning L2
There are two
types of
motivation
Integrative.- It is the
desire to learn
dominated by
emotional or affective
factors.
Instrumental.-
Learners want to learn
because of a practical
reason such as higher
salary or getting a
new position.

5.  It is related to and interacts with personality factors and language
strategies.
 There are categories of cognitive styles identified in pairs of traits, and
they are:
Global and holistic.- They are learners who are
good processing information.
Field-dependent and independent.- Independent
don’t have difficulty to understand things from
his/her surrounded context and dependent has
more troubles with this situation.
Particular and analytic.- They are
Independent and they are considered
more success in L2 acquisition.
Deductive –Inductive.- Deductive
learners predict rules while inductive
learners start with exemplifications to
find the rule.
Focus on meaning and form.- Subject
focuses more in forms instead of
meaning and it depends of the age of the
learners and in the way they learn.

6. There are some personality traits and most of
them are: Anxious, Self- confident, risk-
avoiding, Risk-taking, Shy, Adventuresome,
Introverted, Extroverted, Inner-directed, Other-
directed, Reflective, Impulsive, Imaginative,
Uninquisitive, Creative, Uncreative, Empathetic,
Insensitive to others, Tolerant of ambiguity and
Clouse-oriented.The personality that called more the attention is
Anxiety
Learners with lower anxiety are more risk-taking
or more adventuresome behaviors and of course
no success language learners.
Extroverts are not so good in school than
introverts because they talk a lot.

7. They could be:
MeThey
could be:
Tacognitive: It
involves planning
and monitoring.
How and when use
strategies to solve
the problems.
Social/Affective:
Learners learns
working with others
and control social
and affective
aspects of learning.
Cognitive: This
strategy includes direct
analysis, organizing,
repetition, summarizing
and guessing meaning
from the context.