Learning activity 1.4

1. Student: Doménika Calvopiña

2. • Be successful learners not depend of the age, but what
method that teacher use and how much learners are
focused and motivated
• Some advantages on young learners are: brain plasticity,
fewer inhibitions, simplified input, not analytical.
• Some advantages on old learners are: learning capacity,
analytic ability, pragmatic skills, greater knowledge of
L1and real world knowledge.

3. • Women’s brains my be less asymmetrically organized
that men’s for speech
• Females are better at memorizing complex forms, while
males are better at computing compositional rules
• Androgen level correlates with better automatized skills,
and high estrogen with better semantic or interpretative
skills

4. • Aptitude is an important predictor of success in learning
but is not completely determinant
• The basis for most aptitude test are:
• Phonemic coding ability: the capacity to process auditory input into
segments which can be stored and retrieved
• Inductive language learning ability and grammatical sensitivity:
these are central processing that restructuring occurs.
• Associative memory capacity: Concerned with how linguistic items
are stored, and with how they recalled and used in output

5. • Construct which includes some components like:
significant goal or need, desire to attain the goal,
perception that learning L2 is relevant to fulfilling the goal
or meeting the need, belief in the likely success in failure
of learning L2, and value of potential outcomes
TYPES OF MOTIVATION
• Integrative motivation: Emotional or affective factors are dominant
• Instrumental motivation: Perception of practical value

6. • Refers to individuals’ preferred way of processing,
explain why some L2 learners are more successful than
others has not been well established
Cognitive styles
Field dependent - Field-independent
Global - Particular
Holistic - Analytic
Deductive - Inductive
Focus in meaning - Focus in form

7. • Be imaginative, empathetic, and tolerant of ambiguity is
advantageous so extroverts would be more successful
learners.
Personality traits
Anxious - Self-confident
Risk-avoiding - Risk-taking
Shy - Adventuresome
Introverted - Extroverted
Inner-directed - Other-directed
Reflective - Impulsive
Imaginative - Uninquisitive
Creative - Uncreative
Empathetic - Insensitive to
others
Tolerant of
ambiguity
- Closure-oriented

8. • Cognitive strategies. Respiting after a language model:
repetition, translation.
• Metacognitive strategy. Previewing a concept or principle
in anticipation of a learning activity.
• Social/affective: interact with others, cooperation, asking
someone