Didactics Theories about Language
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The document discusses various theories and perspectives on language acquisition. It begins by defining language and noting Noam Chomsky's theory of an innate Language Acquisition Device. It then contrasts Chomsky's view with behaviorist theories that language is acquired through conditioning. The document also addresses differences between first and second language acquisition, as well as biological and environmental influences on language learning. It notes that acquisition is generally implicit while learning is explicit, and that adults and children acquire language differently.
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- Factors that can help or hinder second language learning such as interaction level, age, and affective barriers like embarrassment.
- Educational approaches to teaching second languages including grammar-translation, audio-lingual, and communicative methods.
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The document discusses four main theories of language acquisition:
1) Behaviorism/Imitation theory which views language as learned through imitation, reinforcement, and habit formation.
2) Nativist/Innateness theory which posits that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device that allows them to learn language easily.
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The document discusses the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) of teaching foreign languages. Some key points:
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- Little attention is given to speaking skills or pronunciation. The teacher's role is authority-based and interaction is mostly one-way. Errors are immediately corrected.
- Techniques include translation, reading comprehension questions, grammar exercises, and memorization. Advantages include ease of use and assessment
Lambert’s Socio Psychological Model
Lambert's Socio-Psychological Model from 1972 focused on the social and psychological aspects of second language acquisition. According to the model, as an individual acquires a second language, they gradually adopt behaviors of the new linguistic and cultural group. Their attitudes towards that group and motivation to learn regulate their success in mastering the new language. Factors like motivation, aptitude, and the effect on self-identity determine whether second language learning is additive or subtractive.
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The document summarizes the audio-lingual method, a language teaching approach developed in the 1940s-50s. It was influenced by behaviorism and focused on habit formation through repetition of dialogs and pattern drills. The goals were accurate pronunciation, grammar and quick responses. A typical lesson involved listening, repeating, substituting in dialogs followed by various drill activities like transformation and dictation exercises.
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1. Automaticity - Learning through repetition until it becomes habit. Lessons should focus on using language for real purposes.
2. Meaningful learning - Relating new knowledge to prior knowledge. Avoid rote learning and explain concepts clearly.
3. Anticipation of reward - People are motivated by rewards, so provide praise, encouragement, and opportunities for students to support each other.
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Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by James Asher that uses physical movement and actions to help students learn language. It is based on the theory that language is acquired naturally through exposure to comprehensible input in a low-anxiety environment. In TPR, the instructor gives students commands in the target language and students respond through actions rather than speech. This allows students to learn through physical movement by responding to imperatives before having to produce speech. The goal is to make input comprehensible while reducing stress to facilitate successful language learning.
Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and the mind. It examines the cognitive and neural processes underlying language production, comprehension, and acquisition. The three primary processes investigated are language comprehension (understanding language), language production (generating spoken or written language), and language acquisition (how humans learn language). Psycholinguistics emerged as a field in the late 1950s and 1960s and combines the disciplines of psychology and linguistics.
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LAD
Noam Chomsky was an influential linguist who proposed the theory of Universal Grammar. He believed that children are born with an innate language acquisition device (LAD) that allows them to learn language quickly and easily. According to Chomsky, the LAD contains a set of innate linguistic principles and parameters that are shared across all human languages. When children are exposed to speech, their LAD is activated and allows them to deduce the grammatical rules of their native language from limited experience. However, Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar has been criticized for focusing only on syntax and ignoring other linguistic domains like semantics, pragmatics, and social factors involved in language acquisition.
Noam chomsky
Noam Chomsky is an American linguist born in 1928 in Philadelphia. He developed the theory that the principles underlying language are biologically determined and part of the human mind, not learned. Chomsky believes children are born with an innate Language Acquisition Device that allows them to learn the grammatical structures of any language naturally. His theory of universal grammar has influenced the study of language development in children, though some researchers disagree with Chomsky's views.
Chomsky's view and evolution of language
Noam Chomsky is known for arguing that language is innate rather than learned through environmental influences alone. He believes humans are born with a universal grammar that guides language acquisition. While experience plays a role, the underlying capacity and rules for language exist independently. Chomsky argues natural selection cannot fully explain language's complexity and that its evolution may have been accidental. His views have significantly influenced the field of linguistics but have also faced criticism for downplaying the role of environmental learning and not providing a strong theory of language's evolution.
Chomsky's view and evolution of language by Marly I. Villacrusis
Noam Chomsky is a prominent linguist who argued that language is innate rather than learned through environmental conditioning. He believed humans are born with a language acquisition device containing innate linguistic rules. While the environment influences specific language structures, Chomsky believed the human brain is predisposed to acquire language at certain developmental stages. Critics point to cases where language was not acquired without social interaction, questioning Chomsky's view of language being entirely innate. However, Chomsky's focus on universal linguistic properties common across languages has influenced the field.
Chomsky LAD and UG
Noam Chomsky is an influential American linguist known for developing the theory of transformational grammar and the theory of universal grammar. He proposed the existence of an innate language acquisition device (LAD) that contains the fundamental rules of grammar and allows children to rapidly acquire language abilities. The LAD hypothesizes that humans are born with an understanding of basic linguistic concepts like nouns and verbs. While the specific neurological basis of the LAD is theoretical, Chomsky's work contributed to the field of cognitive science and theories of innate linguistic knowledge.
NATIVIST THEORY.pptx
Noam Chomsky proposed the nativist theory of language acquisition, which argues that children are born with an innate Language Acquisition Device (LAD) that contains universal grammar. The LAD allows children to intuitively learn the rules of any human language when exposed to it. Chomsky's theory helped explain how children are able to acquire complex linguistic knowledge from limited environmental input.
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1. Noam Chomsky argued that language acquisition is biologically programmed rather than learned through behaviorist conditioning. He posited that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device (LAD) that allows children to quickly and easily learn the rules of any human language during a critical period of development in early childhood.
2. According to Chomsky, this LAD contains a universal grammar that encompasses linguistic properties common to all human languages. It allows children to subconsciously deduce and internalize the rules of their native language based on environmental input.
3. Chomsky's theory of innate language learning abilities challenged the behaviorist view that language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement. It helped shift the field toward mentalist approaches that consider
Theories and hypothesis in psycholinguistics
The document summarizes several theories and hypotheses in psycholinguistics:
1) Behaviourist theory views language learning as habit formation through reinforcement. Innateness theory proposes an innate language acquisition device. Cognitive theory sees language emerging from general cognitive development in stages.
2) Social interactionist theory emphasizes the role of environment and social interaction in language learning. Usage-based theory suggests that structure emerges from language use and experience. Optimality theory models how constraints shape linguistic forms.
3) Other topics discussed include the critical period hypothesis, Krashen's monitor and comprehensible input models, the interaction, comprehensible output, and noticing hypotheses.
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This document discusses theories of first and second language acquisition. It summarizes the behaviorist theory which views language acquisition as stimulus-response reinforcement. It also discusses Noam Chomsky's theory of an innate language acquisition device and universal grammar. Children are able to learn language regardless of difficulty due to human nature. Finally, it discusses Lev Vygotsky's social interactionist theory where language input from family and social interaction are important for acquiring one's mother tongue.
Linguistic oriented theories
The document summarizes three major theories of language acquisition:
1. Behaviorist theory proposes that language is learned through imitation and reinforcement of behaviors. Children imitate adults and are rewarded for correct utterances.
2. Innatist theory, proposed by Noam Chomsky, argues that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device in the brain that allows them to learn language according to innate linguistic principles and parameters.
3. Cognitive theory views language acquisition as one part of a child's overall intellectual development, and sees language as a symbolic representation that allows children to abstract the world.
The Language Acquisition Process
The document discusses different theories of first language acquisition:
[1] The behaviorist theory views language learning as imitation and habit formation through reinforcement of responses to stimuli.
[2] The nativist theory posits that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device that enables the learning of universal linguistic rules.
[3] The functional approach sees language development as dependent on cognitive development and social interaction, with children learning underlying structures and meanings through discourse.
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1) Noam Chomsky proposed the Nativist Theory of language acquisition, which claims that language is an innate faculty and children are born with a set of universal grammar rules.
2) According to this theory, children are able to learn the rules and structures of their native language from the limited input around them without formal teaching.
3) Chomsky argued that children discover which universal grammar rules apply to the language they are learning through a Language Acquisition Device in the brain.
Explaining first language acquisition
The document summarizes theories of first language acquisition. It discusses the imitation/behaviorist theory proposed by Skinner, which views language learning as habit formation through reinforcement. It also discusses the innateness/nativist theory of Chomsky, which posits that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device. The document further examines cognitive, input, and connectionist theories and their varying perspectives on how the environment and mental faculties influence language learning.
Linguistic oriented theories,behaviorism and innatism
The document summarizes three main theories of first language acquisition: behaviorism, innatism, and cognitivism. Behaviorism, proposed by Skinner, views language learning as a process of habit formation through imitation, repetition, and reinforcement. Innatism, proposed by Chomsky, posits that children are born with an innate language acquisition device and universal grammar that allows them to learn the rules of any human language. Cognitivism incorporates aspects of both by recognizing the importance of cognitive processes and environmental influences in language development.
nature VS nurture
This document discusses theories of language acquisition in children. It explores the debate between innate vs learned language abilities. There are two main schools of thought - nativists propose language learning is innate while empiricists believe it is entirely learned through environment and experience. The document also examines theories such as behaviorism, constructivism, and information processing models of how children develop language skills over time through listening, practicing, and constructing their own understanding of language rules.
Language development and acquisition in early childhood
The document discusses language development and acquisition in early childhood. It provides an overview of the theoretical frameworks of language development, including behaviorist and innatist perspectives. The critical period hypothesis posits that the ability to acquire language diminishes after age 12. The document also outlines the stages of language development in early childhood, from babbling to one-word utterances to two-word sentences and early grammar development. Phonological processes that children use to simplify words are also described.
Theories of language
The document discusses several theories of language acquisition:
1) Behaviourism - children imitate language and are reinforced for correct utterances
2) Innateness - children are born with innate language mechanisms that allow them to learn language rules
3) Cognitive - language develops alongside general cognitive/intellectual development
4) Interactionist - language is learned through interaction between children and caregivers.
While each theory provides some insights, no single theory fully explains the complex process of language acquisition.
Chomsky new
Noam Chomsky is an influential American linguist known for developing the theory of transformational grammar and the theory of universal grammar. He proposed that children are born with an innate language acquisition device or language faculty that allows them to rapidly and effortlessly learn the rules of any human language. Chomsky later expanded this idea into his theory of universal grammar, which suggests that all human languages share certain fundamental structural properties determined by the human genome. This theory proposes an innate, genetically-determined language ability that facilitates language learning in children. However, universal grammar has also received significant criticisms from other linguists and biologists.
How language is learned
This document discusses theories of language development in children. It notes that children worldwide develop language at similar stages and rates, suggesting humans have an innate capacity for language. The document also discusses key theorists who studied language development, including Vygotsky, Piaget, Montessori, Chomsky, and Krashen. It notes language serves both social and cognitive functions for humans.
Chomsky’s theory
Chomsky's theory proposes that children are born with an innate, inherited ability to learn language. He believes they acquire language not through imitation but by having an innate understanding of grammar rules and word categories like nouns and verbs. Evidence for his theory includes that children notice grammatical errors by adults and tend to use correct word order and make up words as they learn. However, his theory does not disprove the role of learning language through interactions with others or explain differences in how easily children learn new languages.
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Didactics Theories about Language
- 1. DIDACTICS Victor Velastegui Evelyn Mosquera María Jiménez Luzvenia Mason Jhonny Dumancela Elizabeth Noquez
- 2. WHAT IS LANGUAGE? Language is a human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, and/or written symbols.
- 3. NOAM CHOMSKY BELIEVES THAT CHILDREN ARE BORN WITH AN INHERITED ABILITY TO LEARN ANY HUMAN LANGUAGE.
- 4. CHOMSKY BELIEVES THAT EVERY CHILD HAS A ‘LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE’ OR LAD WHICH ENCODES THE MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF A LANGUAGE AND ITS GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES INTO THE CHILD’S BRAIN. CHILDREN HAVE THEN ONLY TO LEARN NEW VOCABULARY AND APPLY THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES.
- 6. CHOMSKY POINTS OUT THAT A CHILD COULD NOT POSSIBLY LEARN A LANGUAGE THROUGH IMITATION ALONE BECAUSE THE LANGUAGE SPOKEN AROUND THEM IS HIGHLY IRREGULAR – ADULT’S SPEECH IS OFTEN BROKEN UP AND EVEN SOMETIMES UNGRAMMATICAL. CHOMSKY’S THEORY APPLIES TO ALL LANGUAGES AS THEY ALL CONTAIN NOUNS, VERBS, CONSONANTS AND VOWELS AND CHILDREN APPEAR TO BE ‘HARD-WIRED’ TO ACQUIRE THE GRAMMAR.
- 8. EVERY LANGUAGE IS EXTREMELY COMPLEX, OFTEN WITH SUBTLE DISTINCTIONS WHICH EVEN NATIVE SPEAKERS ARE UNAWARE OF. HOWEVER, ALL CHILDREN, REGARDLESS OF THEIR INTELLECTUAL ABILITY, BECOME FLUENT IN THEIR NATIVE LANGUAGE WITHIN FIVE OR SIX YEARS. CHOMSKY, N. (1977). ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF SINTAX. EN N. CHOMSKY, ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF SINTAX (PÁG. 48). LONDON: MIT PRESS.
- 11. RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE BEFORE EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE Children’s ability to understand language develops faster than their ability to speak it.
- 12. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Language is acquired through principles of conditioning, including association, imitation, and reinforcement. According to this view, children learn words by associating sounds with objects, actions, and events.
- 13. NEURAL NETWORKS Some cognitive neuroscientists have created neural networks, or computer models, that can acquire some aspects of language. These neural networks are not preprogrammed with any rules. Instead, they are exposed to many examples of a language.
- 14. BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Chomsky argues that human brains have a language acquisition device (LAD), an innate mechanism or process that allows children to develop language skills.
- 15. BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Emphasize the importance of both nature and nurture in language acquisition. Humans do have an innate capacity for acquiring the rules of language.
- 17. Noam Chomsky, a pioneering linguist, put forth an idea called the language acquisition device or LAD, for short. The LAD is a hypothetical tool hardwired into the brain that helps children rapidly learn and understand language. Chomsky used it to explain just how amazingly children are able to acquire language abilities as well as accounting for the innate understanding of grammar and syntax all children possess.
- 19. It has often been suggested that L2 learning is a process in which the learner creates interim guesses about the language which he tries out to see whether they are right or wrong and reformulates them if necessary (Cook 1969). Second language refers to any language learned in addition to a person's first language; although the concept is named second-language acquisition, it can also incorporate the learning of third, fourth, or subsequent languages. Second-language acquisition is also not to be contrasted with the acquisition of a foreign language; rather, the learning of second languages and the learning of foreign languages involve the same fundamental processes in different situations.
- 24. ACQUISITI ON LEARNING IMPLICIT SUBCONSI OUS INFORMA L SITUATIO NS USES GRAMMATI CAL “FEEL” STABLE ORDER OF ADQUISITI ON DEPENDS ON ATTITUDE EXPLICIT CONSIOUS FORMAL SITUATI ONS USES GRAMMATI CAL RULES DEPENDS ON APTITUDE SIMPLE TO COMPLEX ORDER OF LEARNING
- 27. ACCORDING TO NOAM CHOMSKY HE PROPOSES SOME IDEAS THAT WERE NEW WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE
- 28. ACCORDING TO BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER HIS THEORY IS BASED ON BEHAVIORISM
- 29. SparkNotes Editors. (2005). SparkNote on Language and Cognition. Retrieved October 9, 2015, from http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/languageandco gnition/ Andrea McKay .What Is Language Acquisition? . http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-language-acquisition- theories-stages-quiz.html Stephen D Krashen . Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning .University of Southern California .2012 ESF European Science Foundation .Adult language acquisition: cross-linguistic perspectives. Cambridge University.(2004 ) Extract from V.Cook (2000) 'Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition: One Person with Two Languages', in Aronoff & Rees- Miller, Blackwell Handbook of Linguistics