These ones are the slides I have presented during the international conference "Myths and Brands of Vocational Education" held in Tampere from 14th June to 18th June. Critical appraisals are welcomed.

1. Myths and Brands of Vocational Education –
Tampere, 15° June 2013

2. Italian scholastic system in 1861
Elementary
school 5 years
Technical
school 3 year
Technical
institute 4 years
Gymnasium 5
years
Lyceum 3 years
Normal school 3
years

3. 1878, Cairoli circular
 Cairoli circular established that the State could give to
each school the 2/5 of their whole outlay
 The circular established two kinds of school:
 The three – year industrial schools for industrial
workers.
 The three – year artistic industrial schools for
craftmen.

4. Italian technical and vocational
system in 1907
Elementary
school 4 years
Technical
school 3 years
Technical
institute 5
years
3° grade
Vocational
school 4 years
Upper
elementary
school 2 years
2° grade
Vocational
school 4 years
3° grade
Vocational
school 4 years
1° grade
vocational
school 3 years
2° grade
Vocational
school 4 years
3° grade
Vocational
school 4 years

5. 1907, Cocco – ortu Act
 The Cocco – Ortu Act organized vocational schools in
three grades.
 The first grade was opened to the pupils had finished
elementary school.
 The second one was opened to the pupils had finished
upper elementary school or has attended the first two
year of first grade school.
 The third one was opened to the pupils had finished
technical school or has attended the first three year of
second grade school.

6. 1921, Rossi reform
Elementary
school 4 years
Workers’
school 3 years
Industrial
school 4 years
Industrial
institute 4
years
School
workshop 2
years

7. Historical series from 1873 up to
1917
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
Vocational students (industrial drawing
courses included)
Technical tuition
Classical tuition

8. 1923, Gentile Reform
Elementary
school 5 years
Gymnasium 3
years
Classic Lyceum 3
years
Scientific
Lyceum 3 years
Technical
Institute 8 years
Normal Institute
8 years
Upper
elementary
school 3 years
Complementary
school 3 year

9. 1928, Belluzzo reform
 In 1928 the Minister of National Education Belluzzo
established a new school, the scuola di avviamento
(training school).
Here he grouped the upper elementary school, the
complementary school and the workers’ school.
The industrial school was changed in the two – year
scuola tecnica (technical school).

10. Historical series from 1918 up to
1941
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
Vocational tuition
Lyceum tuition
Technical institute tuition

11. Italian scholastic system in 1945
Elementary
school 5 years
Middle school
3 years
Classic /
Scientific
Lyceum 5 years
Normal school
4 years
Technical
institute 5 years
Training school
3 years
Technical
school 2 years
Vocational
institute 2 – 5
years
Art school 3
years

12. Italian scholastic system after 2009
Primary school 5 years
Lyceum 5 years
(classical, scientific, human, artistic)
Technical institute 5 years Vocational Institute 5 years Vocational training 3 years
Middle school 3 years

13. Historical series from 1945 up 2007
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1945
1947
1949
1951
1953
1955
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Vocational secondary tuition
Lyceum tuition
Technical institute tuition

14. CONCLUSIONS
 Statal commitment increased in order to develop a
backward framework.
 However, like in France, Italian state did not consider
the differences among regions respect the rate of
development.
 State development pattern changed vocational
education almost in a generalist – school.

15. OUTCOMES
 This paper has demonstrated that is useful to link the
study of a country to the other European countries.
 Next paces:
 Comparative and / or Transnational History of
Education?

16. THANKS YOU