- A 1-year randomized study examined the effects of consuming 500 ml of raw camel milk per day as an adjunct to routine diabetic management in type 1 diabetes patients.
- Patients who consumed raw camel milk had significant reductions in HbA1c, blood glucose, and necessary insulin dose compared to baseline. There were no significant changes in these measures for the control group receiving only routine management.
- The results suggest that raw camel milk consumption may help maintain long-term glycemic control and reduce insulin requirements for type 1 diabetes patients.
Simple Weight Loss Recipes
How You Can Safely and Naturally END Your Weight Issues WITHOUT Expensive Trips to the Doctor, Potentially Toxic Prescriptions, or Dangerous Side Effects.
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פירוט הרכיבים הטבעיים שנמצאים ב Cane תוסף תזונה טבעי המסייע לחולי סוכרת להגיע לאיזון ברמות הסוכר שלהם. Cane הוא תוסף תזונה מבית קיורהלייף, חברה הדואגת לאיכות חייהם של החולים במחלות כרוניות.
http://www.cane-curalife.com/
As a newly emphasized modality to treat infectious complications and also to folloew non-antibiotic regimens against infection, Probiotics has recieved more and more attention now a days.
—Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a problem which may occur during pregnancy. For treatment of GDM either the Metformin or Insulin is used. So this prospective randomized multicenter trial in women with GDM was conducted to compare the treatment outcomes of metformin and insulin. This study was conducted at Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer. This study was done on 110 women who were diagnosed GDM by DIPSI criteria with a singleton pregnancy and meet entry criteria are randomized to insulin or metformin treatment (55 cases in each group).It was observed that metformin is equally efficacious and safe as insulin with a lot of advantages like less costly, better compliance, less weight gain, less change of hypoglycaemic attack and more feasible as insulin require several daily injection with not much difference in perinatal outcome except statistically significant difference in baby weight, mean cord blood sugar level at birth, large for gestation age. So it can be concluded that Metformin treatment is suitable for non-obese as well as obese type 2 diabetes patients in pregnancy without complications. Metformin is a safer alternate to insulin in GDM management with no adverse maternal and fetal outcome.
Alicia Wong1
, Wan Chien Han1
, Elsie Low1
,
Chai Xiang Goh1
,
Siew Li Ng1
,
Lee Kuan Kwan1
Abstract: Diabetes-specific formulas have shown to be effective at improving glucose control with additional
nutritional benefits. Furthermore, diabetes-specific formulas are commonly used for diabetic patients with
insufficient oral intake. However, not much diabetes-specific formulas in the market shows the GI of these
formulas, which is clinically useful on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to
assess the GI of a newly developed diabetes-specific formula, Contro eazy NOW. The open labelled, single center
study involved 11 individuals from a pool of 18 healthy subjects. After an overnight fast, volunteers were given
Contro eazy NOW containing 50g of carbohydrate or the reference drink (glucolin) on different occasions in
random order. Postprandial blood glucose levels were measured in finger pricked capillary blood for two hours
after intake of the beverages and positive incremental area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for both Contro
eazy NOW and reference drink. The GI of Contro eazy NOW was determined by dividing AUC (Contro eazy
NOW) by the AUC (reference drink). The results show that the diabetes-specific formula has the GI of 38.4, which
is categorized as low GI. Therefore, Contro eazy NOW with low GI can be the preferred option for nutritional
management of diabetic patients in need of nutritional support.
Keywords: diabetes-specific formula, diabetes, low glycemic index, medical nutrition therapy.
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How You Can Safely and Naturally END Your Weight Issues WITHOUT Expensive Trips to the Doctor, Potentially Toxic Prescriptions, or Dangerous Side Effects.
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פירוט הרכיבים הטבעיים שנמצאים ב Cane תוסף תזונה טבעי המסייע לחולי סוכרת להגיע לאיזון ברמות הסוכר שלהם. Cane הוא תוסף תזונה מבית קיורהלייף, חברה הדואגת לאיכות חייהם של החולים במחלות כרוניות.
http://www.cane-curalife.com/
As a newly emphasized modality to treat infectious complications and also to folloew non-antibiotic regimens against infection, Probiotics has recieved more and more attention now a days.
—Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a problem which may occur during pregnancy. For treatment of GDM either the Metformin or Insulin is used. So this prospective randomized multicenter trial in women with GDM was conducted to compare the treatment outcomes of metformin and insulin. This study was conducted at Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer. This study was done on 110 women who were diagnosed GDM by DIPSI criteria with a singleton pregnancy and meet entry criteria are randomized to insulin or metformin treatment (55 cases in each group).It was observed that metformin is equally efficacious and safe as insulin with a lot of advantages like less costly, better compliance, less weight gain, less change of hypoglycaemic attack and more feasible as insulin require several daily injection with not much difference in perinatal outcome except statistically significant difference in baby weight, mean cord blood sugar level at birth, large for gestation age. So it can be concluded that Metformin treatment is suitable for non-obese as well as obese type 2 diabetes patients in pregnancy without complications. Metformin is a safer alternate to insulin in GDM management with no adverse maternal and fetal outcome.
Alicia Wong1
, Wan Chien Han1
, Elsie Low1
,
Chai Xiang Goh1
,
Siew Li Ng1
,
Lee Kuan Kwan1
Abstract: Diabetes-specific formulas have shown to be effective at improving glucose control with additional
nutritional benefits. Furthermore, diabetes-specific formulas are commonly used for diabetic patients with
insufficient oral intake. However, not much diabetes-specific formulas in the market shows the GI of these
formulas, which is clinically useful on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to
assess the GI of a newly developed diabetes-specific formula, Contro eazy NOW. The open labelled, single center
study involved 11 individuals from a pool of 18 healthy subjects. After an overnight fast, volunteers were given
Contro eazy NOW containing 50g of carbohydrate or the reference drink (glucolin) on different occasions in
random order. Postprandial blood glucose levels were measured in finger pricked capillary blood for two hours
after intake of the beverages and positive incremental area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for both Contro
eazy NOW and reference drink. The GI of Contro eazy NOW was determined by dividing AUC (Contro eazy
NOW) by the AUC (reference drink). The results show that the diabetes-specific formula has the GI of 38.4, which
is categorized as low GI. Therefore, Contro eazy NOW with low GI can be the preferred option for nutritional
management of diabetic patients in need of nutritional support.
Keywords: diabetes-specific formula, diabetes, low glycemic index, medical nutrition therapy.
Alicia Wong1
, Wan Chien Han1
, Elsie Low1
,Chai Xiang Goh1
, Siew Li Ng1
,
Lee Kuan Kwan1
1Alpro Academy, Lot 45880, Jalan Techvalley 3/2, Sendayan Techvally, 71950 Bandar Sri Sendayan, Negeri Sembilan,
Malaysia.
Abstract: Glycemic index (GI) describes the blood glucose response after consumption of a carbohydrate
containing test food relative to a carbohydrate containing reference food, typically glucose or white bread. GI was
originally designed for people with diabetes as a guide to food selection, and advice being given to select foods with
a low GI. Nonetheless low GI food should not be limited to diabetes patients but healthy individuals too as more
recent recommendations on the potential of low GI diets to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and to treat other
metabolic syndromes. This study aims to evaluate the GI of 2 oral nutritional supplements, Metabolic Recovery
and Metabolic Relievve in healthy adults. Fasted subjects consumed one of the 2 oral nutritional supplements at
each visit, with a two day wash out period between visits. Every subject received both oral nutritional supplements
and blood glucose at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 mins were measured after the consumption of oral nutritional
supplements which all containing 50g carbohydrates per serving. The trapezium method was used to compute the
area under the curve for blood glucose and GI of both oral nutritional supplements were determined with
reference to glucolin. The results show that both oral nutritional supplements has low GI, with Metabolic Recovery
having the GI of 46.7 ± 16.4 and Metabolic Relievve with GI of 45.2 ± 16.4. Therefore, both Metabolic Recovery
and Metabolic Relievve can be the preferred option for nutritional management of diabetic patients and healthy
individuals in need of nutritional support.
Keywords: Oral nutritional supplements, glycemic index, blood sugar level, diabetes, meal replacement.
Diabetese- One reason not to Worry ! A new Clinically researched NATURAL PROD...VISHAL CHANDRA
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Clinical Trail has established good efficacy and safety of the product in lowering blood glucose levels and reducing insulin resistance with regular usage.
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The product is also effective in management of Irregular menstrual cycle on account of Cyst formation in Ovaries
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International level clinical trail has been registered on WHO PORTAL : See the link in the slides
For
Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on body composition and metabolic syndrome components
Safety and Efficacy of Sulfonylurea Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusApollo Hospitals
In subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control will be established while patients use sulfonylurea drugs during the course of the disease. However, data regarding direct comparison between various sulfonylureas in this regard are lacking. Weight loss usually improves blood glucose levels for people with type 2 diabetes. However, many also need oral medications or insulin.
Intake of Black Vinegar on Anthropometric Measures, Cardiometabolic Profiles,...mahendrareddychirra
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are the most important chronic diseases around the world. They are associated with huge medical expenditure and with increasing morbidity and mortality among related cardio-metabolic diseases in developing and developed countries [1,2].
Vinegar was first reported to have anti-glycemic effects since 1988 in animal and human studies [3]. Vinegar may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity and delayed gastric emptying that accompanied improved glycemic control and reduced body weight [4,5].
Transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow- Derived Stromal Cells in Type 2 Di...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Type 2 Diabetes is a debilitating metabolic disorder which is also the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Current therapeutic regimes to date have failed to achieve significant long-term glycemic control even with intensive insulin therapy as revealed by deregulated Hb1Ac and C-peptides levels. In the current study, we have evaluated the effect of regenerative cellular therapy for functional recovery from Diabetic pathophysiology. 10 patients with a median age of 51 years were selected for the study and subjected to bone marrow isolation. These samples were processed under sterile conditions for the enrichment of mononuclear cells (BM MNCs) from bone marrow. After strict quality control and characterization of cells, 2 x 106 cells/kg of BM MNCs were infused back into the patient through the anterior pancreaticoduodenal artery. We performed an evaluation of clinical parameters like Body Mass Index, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Fasting Plasma Insulin, HbA1c and C-peptide levels, and followed up the patients for 12 months. Our study showed a reduction in insulin dependency by ≥ 50%.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Diabetic study camel milk- agrawal 2005
1. Effect of raw camel milk in type 1 diabetic patients:
1 year randomised study
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 12(1), p. 27-35
2005
- 1 -
EFFECT OF RAW CAMEL MILK IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS: 1
YEAR RANDOMISED STUDY
R.P. Agrawal, R. Beniwal, S. Sharma, D.K. Kochar, F.C. Tuteja, S.K.Ghorui¹ and M.S. Sahani²
Department of Medicine, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner-334003, INDIA
ABSTRACT
The efficacy of camel milk consumption as an adjunct to routine diabetic management in maintaining long-term
glycaemia control in type I diabetes was assessed during a 52 week randomised study. Throughout the duration of the
study, 12 randomly assigned patients underwent routine diabetic management (diet, exercise and parental insulin
supplementation) and 12 randomly assigned patients additionally undertook daily consumption of raw camel milk
(500ml/day). In both groups, the dose of parenteral insulin administration was adjusted to maintain an euglycaemic
state. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) were measured at the initiation of the study and
monitored at 3 monthly intervals. Additionally, plasma insulin, C-peptide and anti-insulin antibodies were measured at
the beginning and end of the study. In the group receiving camel milk, there was a significant increase in MBI (17 ± 4.4
to 19.7 ± 2.97; p < 0.001) and a significant reduction in HbA1c (7.8 ± 1.38 to 6 ± 0.96; p < 0.001), mean blood glucose
(119 ± 19 to 95.42 ± 15.70; p < 0.001) and necessary insulin dose (32 ± 12 to 17.88 ± 12.40; p < 0.005) compared to the
values at the initiation of the study. There was no significant change in c-peptide (0.18 ± 0.04 to 0.24 ± 0.07) or anti-
insulin antibodies (22.92 ± 5.45 to 21.84 ± 7.34).
We have demonstrated that the consumption of camel milk in type I diabetes results in a significant reduction in the
dose of insulin required to maintain long-term glycaemic control. Based on our results, camel milk consumption, may
therefore, be considered as a useful adjunct to parenteral insulin administration in the management of type 1
diabetes.
Key words: Camel milk, glycaemic control, insulin, type 1 diabetic patients
Primary treatment of type 1 diabetes is insulin replacement. However, at present entire physiological insulin
replacement cannot be achieved in clinical cases and metabolic disturbances cannot be normalised. The metabolic
control in 2873 children and adolescents was studied at 21 centres of Europe, Japan and the United States (Moriensen
and Hougaard, 1997 and Holl et al, 2003). In this large international study it was staggeringly obvious that despite
unacceptable psychological emotional and social price, the level of glycaemic control achievable in children with
modern insulin therapy is far from satisfactory. Insulin therapy is still the best treatment but in many countries needle
phobia and cost of treatment forces these patients to adopt alternative therapies.
In this connection we have heard many anecdotal stories, which describe the use of camel milk in type-1 diabetes
mellitus. There is also an account in memories of Emperor Jahangir (1579-1627 AD) about the usefulness and
acceptability of camel milk (Rogers, 1989). It was found that one of the camel milk proteins has many characteristics
similar to insulin (Beg et al, 1989). Furthermore, it does not form a coagulum in an acidic environment (Wangoh, 1993).
This lack of coagulum formation allows the camel milk to pass rapidly through the stomach together with the specific
insulin like protein/insulin and remains available for absorption in the intestine. Radioimmunoassay tests of camel milk
has revealed high concentration of insulin i.e. 52 micro unit/ml. The concentration of insulin in human milk is also
significantly higher (60.23 ± 41.05 micro unit/ml) whereas it is low in cow milk (16.32 ± 5.98 micro unit/ml) (Shehadeh
et al, 2001). There is strong evidence that an oral insulin products would provide insulin in a more physiological
manner, resulting in a decrease in peripheral insulin concentrations this “insulinsing” the live (Gwinup et al, 1991 and
2. Effect of raw camel milk in type 1 diabetic patients:
1 year randomised study
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 12(1), p. 27-35
2005
- 2 -
Hoffman and Siv, 1997). Recently, scientists have developed hexylinsulin monoconjugate 2(HIM2), in which a single
amphiphilic olignmer is covalently linked to the free amino group on the lys-ß 29 residue of recombinant human insulin
via an amide bond (Still, 2002). HIM2 alterations in physio-chemical characteristics which resists the enzymatic
degradation and facilitates absorption.
The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of camel milk as an adjunct to insulin
therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Material and Methods
A total of 24 type 1 diabetic patients were randomly recruited from the outpatient diabetic clinic in PBM Hospital,
Bikaner, India. Ethical committee of S.P. medical College, Bikaner approved the protocol and all subjects gave written
consent before participation in this study. The patients were advised to follow a strict t diet, exercise and insulin
treatment regime for 1month. During this period frequent monitoring of blood sugar was done to maintain
euglycaemia. After a one- month period these patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 patients
(N=2) received usual care i.e diet, exercise and insulin and group 2 patients (N=12) received 500ml of fresh camel milk
daily for 12 months in addition to the usual care. Patients with any acute metabolic complications like hypoglycaemia,
ketoasidosis, cardiovascular event, renal or acute infections were not included in the study.
Blood sugar was measured twice weekly before breakfast and dinner, and insulin doses were titrated weekly according
to the blood sugar levels. All patients were provided with a one touch profile memory glucometer (life Scan), along
with strips for self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations. They were also instructed to record the glucose
readings and insulin doses in diaries. Vital signs, body weight, haematologic and laboratory parameters, glycosylated
haemoglobin (HbA1c) were monitored throughout the study. Patients also monitored symptoms of hypoglycaemia and,
if possible, obtained glucose readings when hypoglycaemia symptoms occurred. Anti-insulin antibodies were measured
at the beginning and end of the study. Safety evaluations included vital signs and laboratory parameters. Severe
hypoglycaemia was defined as an event requiring the assistance of another individual or the administration of
glucagons or intravenous glucose and was expressed as event rate per patient year of exposure, thus accounting for
multiple events in the same patients and for differences in time of exposure to study medication.
Plasma glucose concentration was measured using the glucose oxidise method. Lipid profile was estimated by a fully
automated Biochemistry Analyser Hitachi 717. Plasma insulin and C-peptide were estimated by chemiluminescence
(CLIA test) using an automated chemiluminescence analyser (Imulite, DPC, USA). Anti-insulin antibodies were
estimated by radioimmuno assay HbA1c was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), variant
Boiorad, USA.
The baseline difference between the two groups were analysed using the t-test for independed samples assuming
heteroscedastic variance. Changes from baseline to end point were analysed using MANCOVA. Age, sex and body mass
index (BMI) were taken as covariates. The groups were taken as independent variables. Insulin dose, fasting blood
sugar (FBS) and HbA c were taken as dependent variables and analyse independently.
3. Effect of raw camel milk in type 1 diabetic patients:
1 year randomised study
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 12(1), p. 27-35
2005
- 3 -
Results
Demographic characteristics of both the group were comparable. The group 1 (control group) and group 2 (camel milk
group) were similar in age (years ±7.5 vs 15 years ± 9.4), Sex (10M. 2F in both groups), BMI (17± vs 17 ±4.4), FBS (121 +
17 VS 119 + 19), plasma insulin (7.73 ± 2.42 vs 6.91 2.13), c-peptide (0.22 ±0.03 vs 0.18 ± 0.04), and insulin antibody
(22.20 ± 7.69 vs 22.92 ± 5.45) at mean dose of insulin required (33±11 vs 32±12).
After 1 year of treatment with fresh camel milk there were a statistically significant change in both (17± 4.4 to 19.7
±2.97, p<0.001), FBS (119 ± 19 95.42 ± 15.70 P<0.001), and in HbAıc (7.8 ± 1.386 ± 0.96, p<0.001), in group 2. But
when MACOVA for FBS was used, we observed significant variance (Fig 1). Similarly when MANCOVA for HbAıc was used
we observed overall a significant variance in HbAıc (Fig 2). The parameters were either unchanged or there was slight
increase in group 1 patients (table 1). There was no significant change in fasting plasma insulin and c-peptide levels in
either group. There was significant reduction in the mean doses of insulin (32±12 vs 17.83 ± 12.40, p<0.005) in patients
receiving camel milk (table 1, fig 3). When MANCOVA was used for insulin dose there was overall significant variance in
insulin doses. There was no significant reduction in mean doses of insulin in individual patients not receiving camel
milk (N=12. Fig 4). While in the camel milk consuming group every patient had a significant reduction in the doses of
insulin. In one patient there was no requirement for insulin therapy after 8 months of camel milk consumption (fig 5).
There were no significant changes in anti insulin antibodies (22.92 ± 5.45 to 21.84± 7.34).
Nausea, flatulence and diarrhoea were the only treatment-emergent adverse events which disappeared spontaneously.
No severe hypoglycaemic event or DKA were reported in either group. Anti insulin antibody titres were around 20%
even after 1 year i.e. insignificant.
Table 1. Effect of camel milk on glycaemic control and insulin requirement in type 1 diabetic patients
Group 1: Control group
Variables Before Treatment After Treatment P value
BMI (Kg/m²) 17 ± 5.2 18.2 ± 3.8 NS
HbAıc (%) 7.54 ± 1.38 7.63 ± 1.03 NS
Dose of Insulin (units/day) 33 ± 11 30.16 ± 8.45 NS
Mean Blood Sugar (mg/dl 121 ± 17.3 105.25 ± 14.50 0.041
Plsama Insulin (Uiu/ml) 7.73 ± 2.42 19.54 ± 0.43 0.041
C.Peptide (ng/ml) 0.22 ± 0.03 0.21 ± 0.06 NS
Anti Insulin Antibody (%) 22.20 ± 7.69 19.70 ± 8.40 NS
Group 2: Camel Milk Group
Variables Before Treatment After Treatment P value
BMI (Kg/m²) 17 ± 4.4 19.7 ± 2.97 0.001
HbAıc (%) 7.8 ± 1.38 6 ± 0.96 0.001
Dose of Insulin (units/day) 32 ± 12 17.83 ± 12.40 0.005
Mean Blood Sugar (mg/dl 119 ± 19 95.42 ± 15.70 0.001
Plsama Insulin (Uiu/ml) 6.91± 2.13 18.17 ± 7.12 0.03
C.Peptide (ng/ml) 0.18 ± 0.04 0.24 ± 0.07 NS
Anti Insulin Antibody (%) 22.92 ± 5.45 21.84 ± 7.34 NS
NS = Not Significant
4. Effect of raw camel milk in type 1 diabetic patients:
1 year randomised study
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 12(1), p. 27-35
2005
- 4 -
Fig. 1. Mean blood sugar levels measured over 12 months
in patients given fresh camel milk (group 2) and no camel
milk (group 1).
Fig. 2. HbA1c results measured over 12months in patients
given fresh camel milk ((group 2) and no camel milk (group
1).
Fig. 3. Insulin requirements measured over 12months in
patients given fresh camel milk ((group 2) and no camel
milk (group 1).
Fig. 4. Mean insulin doses per day in individual patients
of control group 1 (n = 12).
Fig. 5. Mean insulin doses per day individual patients of
camel milk consuming group 2 (n = 12).
5. Effect of raw camel milk in type 1 diabetic patients:
1 year randomised study
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 12(1), p. 27-35
2005
- 5 -
Discussion
The present study was performed to observe the role of camel milk in achieving glycaemic control in type –1 diabetic
patients. We observed a significant improvement in mean BMI (17±4.4 to 9.7 ± 2.97, p<0.001) after 1 year of camel
milk treatment. The positive effects in weight gain may be because of good nutritional value of camel milk.
The important observation of this study was the significant reduction in insulin doses to obtain glycaemic control along
with significant improvement in HbAıc level at the end of 1 year in patients taking camel milk. The requirement for
mean doses of insulin/ day before treatment in patients of group 2 was 32 ± 12. It came down rapidly initially and then
gradually to a mean level of 17.83±12.40, (p<0.005). Only one patient out of 12 required the same doses of insulin and
the other 11 patients had a reduction in the required amount necessary to maintain euglycaemic blood level.
Camel Milk was found to contain approximately 52 micro unit/ml insulin and it may be the reason for a lesser
requirement of insulin in diabetic patients receiving camel milk. In one patient there was no requirement for insulin
therapy after 8 months of camel milk consumption. The therapeutic efficacy of camel milk observed in the current
study is consistent with earlier clinical trials in this area (camel milk + insulin therapy) (Agrawal et al, 2003a,b).
Breitling (2002) believed that camel milk had an anti-diabetic activity possibly because of insulin-like activity,
regulatory and immuno modulatory effect on beta cells. Oral insulin therapy has been known for many years but the
important drawback is its coagulum formation in acidic environment such as the stomach, thereby neutralising its
potency. The potential benefits of oral delivery of insulin include control of plasma glucose levels without peripheral
hyper-insulinnaemia and restoration of the physiological pathway of endogenous insulin. Delivery of therapeutic levels
of insulin via the portal route decreases hyperinsulinaemia and more result in preservation of the counterrgulatory
responses to hypoglycaemia, with a concomita reduction in hypoglycaemic events (Davis et 1993; Oskarsson et el, 200
and Wan et al, 2000 Pozzilli et al (2000) in IMDIAB VII study indicates that an addition of 5 mg of oral insulin does not
modify the course of the disease in the first year after diagnosis and probably does not statistically effect the humoral
immune response against insulin (Pozzilli et al, 2000).
The lack of coagulum formation of camel milk may act as an effective vehicle to take the milk insulin unchanged to the
intestine, and from that it can be absorbed even if some of it is destroyed in the passage. Beg et al (1986) has found
that any acid sequence of some of the camel milk protein rich in half systine, which has some similarities with the
insulin family of peptides.
The data of this study confirms a significance hypoglycaemic effect of camel milk when given an adjunctive therapy,
presumably due to presence of insulin/insulin like proteins therapeutic efficacy may be due to lack of coagulum
formation of camel milk in an acidic environment.
There is no doubt that the discovery and development of oral insulin for therapeutic use is a difficult task. It has been
observed that oral administration of insulin did not prevent the deterioration of beta cell function in type –1 diabetic
patients (Chaillous et al, 2000).
The main problem of using insulin viz bovine and porcine is that there are some possibilities of developing
immunogenicity t that insulin, so further development has taken place to check this side effect in the form of human
recombinant insulin. We also estimated change in this variable throughout the treatment period.
In conclusion. Camel milk, as an adjunct to insulin therapy, appears to be safe and efficacious in improving long-term
glycaemic control, and helps in the reduction of insulin requirement in type 1 diabetic patients. Camel milk was well
tolerated and its use was not associated with an increase in hypoglycaemic events.
6. Effect of raw camel milk in type 1 diabetic patients:
1 year randomised study
Journal of Camel Practice and Research 12(1), p. 27-35
2005
- 6 -
Acknowledgement
We are thankful to the Director, national Research Centre on Camel (NRCC), Bikaner for providing camel milk for our
study and Dr. Raghvendra Singh, Senior Scientists, NRCC, Bikaner for the chemical analysis of camel milk.
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