This document provides an overview of a 3-part lecture on recent advances in insulin manufacturing and treatment. It discusses the global and local burden of diabetes, including statistics on prevalence of diabetes in Iraq and Kerbala governorate. It describes the types and causes of diabetes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and the discovery of insulin in 1921 which was a breakthrough in treating diabetes. Recent global updates from WHO note more than 420 million people living with diabetes worldwide.
Diabetes
Diabetes
A disease that effects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin
Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the metabolism of glucose and other nutrients.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body's main source of fuel.
Incidence of Diabetes in US
Total: 25.8 million children and adults in the United States—8.3% of the population—have diabetes.
Under 20 years of age
•215,000, or 0.26% of all people in this age group have diabetes
•About 1 in every 400 children and adolescents has diabetes
Age 20 years or older
•25.6 million, or 11.3% of all people in this age group have diabetes
Age 65 years or older
•10.9 million, or 26.9% of all people in this age group have diabetes
Men
•13.0 million, or 11.8% of all men aged 20 years or older have diabetes
Women
•12.6 million, or 10.8% of all women aged 20 years or older have diabetes
Causes
Type 1: genetic predisposition and environmental factors
Viruses may trigger the disease in genetically susceptible individuals
Produce no insulin in the pancreas
Type 2:
Obesity; poor diet
Lack of physical activity
High blood pressure
Symptoms
Type 1:
Unexplained weight loss (even though you are eating and feel hungry)
Insulin Shock
Loss of consciousness (rare)
Diabetic Coma
Hypoglycemia(low blood sugar)
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Symptoms continued
Type 2:
Increased thirst and frequent urination.
Increased hunger/weight gain
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Diabetic Coma
Diagnosis and Tests of Diabetes
Random blood sugar test
Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
Prevention
Type 1
Unknown way to prevent
Researchers are working on preventing the disease or further destruction of the islet cells in people who are newly diagnosed
Type 2
stay at a healthy weight/Eat healthy
Increase physical actives
Lose weight
Lower your blood sugar
Treatment
Type 1
Taking insulin
Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight
Eating healthy foods
Monitoring blood sugar
Type 2
Blood sugar monitoring
Healthy eating
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A complete 8-Step 'Money Getting' Formula ($297 Value) In this High-Value Video Training Series, I'll learn the most effective ways to build a successful online business and the Core 'Must Have' principals to Effective Entrepreneurship in today’s market. These videos outline your BIGGEST money making principals all in one place Watch Video Here http://freedomofsuccess.com
Diabetes mellitus -INTRODUCTION,TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUSvarinder kumar
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
DIAGNOSE TEST FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INSULIN (IDDM)
HERBAL DRUG TREATMENT FOR DIABETES
LIFESTYLE FOR TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DM
NEW ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS
Diabetes
Diabetes
A disease that effects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin
Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the metabolism of glucose and other nutrients.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body's main source of fuel.
Incidence of Diabetes in US
Total: 25.8 million children and adults in the United States—8.3% of the population—have diabetes.
Under 20 years of age
•215,000, or 0.26% of all people in this age group have diabetes
•About 1 in every 400 children and adolescents has diabetes
Age 20 years or older
•25.6 million, or 11.3% of all people in this age group have diabetes
Age 65 years or older
•10.9 million, or 26.9% of all people in this age group have diabetes
Men
•13.0 million, or 11.8% of all men aged 20 years or older have diabetes
Women
•12.6 million, or 10.8% of all women aged 20 years or older have diabetes
Causes
Type 1: genetic predisposition and environmental factors
Viruses may trigger the disease in genetically susceptible individuals
Produce no insulin in the pancreas
Type 2:
Obesity; poor diet
Lack of physical activity
High blood pressure
Symptoms
Type 1:
Unexplained weight loss (even though you are eating and feel hungry)
Insulin Shock
Loss of consciousness (rare)
Diabetic Coma
Hypoglycemia(low blood sugar)
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Symptoms continued
Type 2:
Increased thirst and frequent urination.
Increased hunger/weight gain
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Diabetic Coma
Diagnosis and Tests of Diabetes
Random blood sugar test
Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
Prevention
Type 1
Unknown way to prevent
Researchers are working on preventing the disease or further destruction of the islet cells in people who are newly diagnosed
Type 2
stay at a healthy weight/Eat healthy
Increase physical actives
Lose weight
Lower your blood sugar
Treatment
Type 1
Taking insulin
Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight
Eating healthy foods
Monitoring blood sugar
Type 2
Blood sugar monitoring
Healthy eating
Home Base Business Opportunities
http://freedomofsuccess.com
A complete 8-Step 'Money Getting' Formula ($297 Value) In this High-Value Video Training Series, I'll learn the most effective ways to build a successful online business and the Core 'Must Have' principals to Effective Entrepreneurship in today’s market. These videos outline your BIGGEST money making principals all in one place Watch Video Here http://freedomofsuccess.com
Diabetes mellitus -INTRODUCTION,TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUSvarinder kumar
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
DIAGNOSE TEST FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INSULIN (IDDM)
HERBAL DRUG TREATMENT FOR DIABETES
LIFESTYLE FOR TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DM
NEW ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS
CME Sohag | internal medicine | Diabetes mellitusEmad Qasem
CME Sohag | internal medicine | Diabetes mellitus training session 22 may 2016 By Dr. Ahmed othman Abodooh, assistant lecturer of internal medicine, Sohag university
Diabetes Slideshow that I made when I was in Grade 10, talks about everything you would need to know about diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2).
Have fun educating yourself!
My Email: Tranc3r1992@gmail.com
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, characterized by high glucose level in blood (hyperglycaemia).
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Juvenile-onset diabetes
Type1 diabetes is characterized by the presence of antibodies in blood.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase antigen (GAD)
Insulin autoantibodies (IAAs),
Islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs).
These are the markers of the immune destruction of the ß cell.
Therefore, those with more than one autoantibody(i.e., ICA, IAA, GAD etc.) are at high risk.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1, 2 and
gestational diabetes
rescent research in Type 1 diabetes
Risk factors and causes
Complications short term and long term of diabetes
Management
Treatment with Insulin
Diabetic drugs
Healthy Diet
Exercises prescription
aerobic exercises,
resistance exercises and
flexibility
This presentation is all about the well-known disease "Diabetes". I have tried to focus on the molecular level of the disease, and I've discussed in detail the proteins and genes related in the process. I definitely looked through many references, watched many videos and read many articles about it. I was pretty much confused, but thanks to God, I was finally able to put together all I had learned into a nice, neat PowerPoint presentation. Wether you are a college student seeking a presentation about diabetes, or maybe just a normal person wanting to get some info, maybe a patient with diabetes, then you should be in the right place. My presentation should help you get through!
I have first begun with an introduction to the disease, including some data from International Diabetes Federation to show the huge number of people worldwide having diabetes.
I have then talked about how our body functions normally without diabetes. This will help you understand what goes wrong during the disease.
After that, I have discussed both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and what causes each type at a molecular level as well as talking about some differences.
Then I've come to talk about symptoms and complications of diabetes. The signs that could indicate someone has diabetes, and if someone has it for a long time, it's going to have impact on the various body systems and cause other diseases - known as complications. So I have also made clear what the complications of diabetes are in very easy to understand diagrams.
Finally, I have talked about how diabetes may be diagnosed and what the possible treatments are for each type. I've used many graphics in my presentation, so I'm sure you're going to enjoy studying it!
A complete knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus and its types including Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, pancreatic diabetes & monogenic diabetes along with clinical features, investigations and management
It also includes diabetic emergencies like Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state & hypoglycaemia.
It contains long term complications like neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy.
Lastly Diabetic Insipidus is also discussed here.
CME Sohag | internal medicine | Diabetes mellitusEmad Qasem
CME Sohag | internal medicine | Diabetes mellitus training session 22 may 2016 By Dr. Ahmed othman Abodooh, assistant lecturer of internal medicine, Sohag university
Diabetes Slideshow that I made when I was in Grade 10, talks about everything you would need to know about diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2).
Have fun educating yourself!
My Email: Tranc3r1992@gmail.com
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, characterized by high glucose level in blood (hyperglycaemia).
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Juvenile-onset diabetes
Type1 diabetes is characterized by the presence of antibodies in blood.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase antigen (GAD)
Insulin autoantibodies (IAAs),
Islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs).
These are the markers of the immune destruction of the ß cell.
Therefore, those with more than one autoantibody(i.e., ICA, IAA, GAD etc.) are at high risk.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1, 2 and
gestational diabetes
rescent research in Type 1 diabetes
Risk factors and causes
Complications short term and long term of diabetes
Management
Treatment with Insulin
Diabetic drugs
Healthy Diet
Exercises prescription
aerobic exercises,
resistance exercises and
flexibility
This presentation is all about the well-known disease "Diabetes". I have tried to focus on the molecular level of the disease, and I've discussed in detail the proteins and genes related in the process. I definitely looked through many references, watched many videos and read many articles about it. I was pretty much confused, but thanks to God, I was finally able to put together all I had learned into a nice, neat PowerPoint presentation. Wether you are a college student seeking a presentation about diabetes, or maybe just a normal person wanting to get some info, maybe a patient with diabetes, then you should be in the right place. My presentation should help you get through!
I have first begun with an introduction to the disease, including some data from International Diabetes Federation to show the huge number of people worldwide having diabetes.
I have then talked about how our body functions normally without diabetes. This will help you understand what goes wrong during the disease.
After that, I have discussed both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and what causes each type at a molecular level as well as talking about some differences.
Then I've come to talk about symptoms and complications of diabetes. The signs that could indicate someone has diabetes, and if someone has it for a long time, it's going to have impact on the various body systems and cause other diseases - known as complications. So I have also made clear what the complications of diabetes are in very easy to understand diagrams.
Finally, I have talked about how diabetes may be diagnosed and what the possible treatments are for each type. I've used many graphics in my presentation, so I'm sure you're going to enjoy studying it!
A complete knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus and its types including Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, pancreatic diabetes & monogenic diabetes along with clinical features, investigations and management
It also includes diabetic emergencies like Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state & hypoglycaemia.
It contains long term complications like neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy.
Lastly Diabetic Insipidus is also discussed here.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that is usually diagnosed accidentally when patient present to the hospital for another ailment.
Currently, about 425 million people in the world are living with DM (IDF data). A total of about 16 million people are living with diabetes in the African Region and by 2045, an estimated 41 million people will be affected.
Diabetes is a disease chronic disease which affects global population from long time. This review is an update on unknown complications, causes, treatment modalities of this disease. This article also provides a summary on disease management through various strategies. Suraj Nagwanshi | Smita Aher | Rishikesh Bachhav "Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46348.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/46348/management-of-diabetes-mellitus-a-review/suraj-nagwanshi
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose level caused by either absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Classifications,sings and symptoms,complications,and prevalence of the disease particularly in Egypt are presented. Management of diabetic patients undergoing oral surgical procedures is discussed.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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Diabetes mellitus general statistics - ZAH
1. Recent Advances in Insulin
Manufacturing and Treatment
Part 1 of 3 Lectures
Lecturer
Zahraa Alaa Hasan
2021
University of Kerbala
College of Pharmacy
Department of Pharmaceutics
2. Overview
Diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes as a global and local burden.
Diagnosis
Management: Recent advances and near future of
insulin production and therapy.
2
3. Diabetes
• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology
characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of
carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism resulting from a defect
in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both (WHO, 1999).
• Elevated levels of blood glucose
(or blood sugar) leads to serious damage
to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys
and nerves.
3
4. Types of diabetes
4
Diabetes type Description
Type 1
diabetes
β-cell destruction (mostly immune mediated) and absolute insulin
deficiency; onset most common in childhood and early adulthood.
Type 2
diabetes
relative resistance of body cells to insulin with progressive loss of β islet
cells Insulin secretion, and is strongly associated with obesity, especially
abdominal obesity. It is found primarily in older adults, but increasingly
found even in obese young adults, youth and even children. Approximately
80% of all type 2 diabetics are obese.
Gestational
diabetes
mellitus
relative glucose intolerance with hyperglycemia during pregnancy (during
second or third trimester), and can lead to significant complications of the
pregnancy. Although it may improve following delivery, it is also associated
with an increased risk of diabetes later in life.
Secondary
diabetes
• various disorders of the pancreas (cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis),
• genetic defects in pancreatic β-cell function or of insulin action,
• medications (corticosteroids, anti-neoplastic drugs, anti-retroviral drugs),
• monogenic diabetes syndromes (such as neonatal diabetes and maturity-
onset diabetes of the young [MODY]).
8. WHO Update from the Seventy-fourth World
Health Assembly – 27 May 2021
Noncommunicable diseases have become more prominent with
Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes.
More than 420 million people are living with diabetes, a number that
is expected to rise to 578 million by 2030.
One in two adults living with diabetes type 2 are undiagnosed.
Globally, 100 years after the discovery of insulin, half of the people
with type 2 diabetes who need insulin are not receiving it.
8
10. Diabetes related numbers according to the
annual statistical report of 2020
• More than 14% of Iraqi people have diabetes mellitus (MOH, 2019).
• Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus accounts 2.02% for all out-patients in Iraq
(MOH, 2019).
10
Statistical values related to Kerbala governorate per 1000
population for the same age group.
Diabetes related criteria Female Male
Number of in-patients 741 625
Number of out-patients (in health care
centers)
13343 10806
Number of diabetes related deaths for
age 30 to less than 70 years
113 101
16. The Discovery of Insulin
• The development of therapeutic insulin in 1921 was a landmark
breakthrough in the history of medicine.
• 100 years on, millions of lives have been saved and improved but insulin
and other diabetes medicines and care still remain beyond the reach of
many who need them.
• Dr. Frederick G. Banting wakes up in the middle of the night with the
idea for a novel experiment to isolate the internal secretion of the
pancreas to treat diabetes.
16
Dr. John J. R. Macleod / Dr. Frederick G. Banting / Charles Best / Dr. James Collip
