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1. PRESENTED TO:
MAM RATTAN KAUR
PRESENTED BY :
ANIQ UR REHMAN
REG NO:
2015-MPHIL-2145
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2. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition
characterized by excessive thirst and
excretion of large amounts of dilute
urine
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3.  To understand signs and symptoms
 Difference between DI and DM
 Prevalence of DI
 Diagnosis
 pathophysiology
 Classification
 Medical nutrition therapy
 references
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4. DI
1.decreased production of
ADH(central diabetes
insipidus)
2.Decresed kidney's
response to antidiuretic
hormone (nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus)
DM
Polyuria due to the
high blood sugar level,
it is due to absence of
insulin which convert
glucose to glycogen in
muscles and liver..
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5. • Excessive urination and extreme thirst
• urine does not contain glucose
• Signs of dehydration may also appear.
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6. • In children, DI can increases appetite and
weight gain.
• In adults it causes dehydration and loss
of potassium in urine and causes
hypokalemia
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7.  3 in 100,000 each year having DI
 Starts in childhood or early
adulthood
 Affects men more commonly than
women
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8.  To differentiate DI from other causes of excess
urination, blood glucose levels, bicarbonate levels,
and calcium levels need to be tested
 Level of Na is high in blood (hypernatremia)
 Specific gravity of urine is low

9.  Urine osmolality is low
 1 a defect in ADH production
2 a defect in the kidneys' response to ADH
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10. In DI Low ADH is produced due to damage to
posterior pituitary gland
ADH increases the permeability of last part of nephron
to reabsorb water.
 When there is low ADH ,water is not reabsorbed and
excreted as urine
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11. 11

12. 12
Neurogenic
diabetes
insipidus
Nephrogenic
diabetes
insipidus
Dipsogenic DI or
primary polydipsia
Gestational
diabetes
inspidus

13.  also called central
DI,due to decresed
ADH.
 Causes
Damage to posterior lobe
of pituitary gland.
 It is inability of
the kidney to
respond
normally to
ADH
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14.  excessive intake of
fluids due to a defect
in the thirst
mechanism, located in
the hypothalamus, or
due to mental illness
 occurs during
pregnancy and the
postpartum period.
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15. 1. Avoid Salty Foods At All Costs
Salt enhances the thirst.
Any foods with high sodium should be off-limits
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16.  To reduce the amount of urine
production.
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17. Caffeine in excessive amounts causes the kidneys to
excrete excessive urine. It is found in:
 Beef jerky
 Chewing gum
 Aspirin and other OTC medications
 Chocolate
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18.  Processed food has preservatives in which sodium is
present .And Na causes increased thirst.
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19.  Proteins breakdown to form urea and urea also cause
increased excretion of urine.
 Fish, eggs, and even poultry should all be avoided in
excess ,Even legumes and nuts .
 Recommended levels of protein is still required .
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20.  Foods that are rich in water may be recommended as
a way to avoid drinking more fluids
 Melons, fruits, and certain vegetables all have high
water content in them with the vitamins and minerals
the body needs
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21. Beets has high amount of Na 60mg of sodium in it
 Carrots are also remarkably salty. Just one large
carrot m up to 25mg of salt in it
 Spinach Just one cup of boiled spinach has 125mg
of salt to it
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22.  Human milk is preferred in infancy because
protein constitutes 6% of caloric intake
 Sodium intake should be reduced to 0.7
mEq/kg per day. In a child who has
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, protein intake
should constitute 8% of caloric intake
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23.  The tendency toward hypokalemia can be
countered with potassium supplementation or
the use of potassium-sparing diuretics, such as
amiloride 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg per day to a
maximum of 10 mg/kg per day
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24.  In hereditary diabetes insipidus, genetic
counseling and follow-up are important,
Finally, the body temperature, appetite, and
linear growth should be monitored
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25. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING 25