This document discusses the concept of Dharma in Hinduism and its relationship to Karma. It provides definitions and explanations of Dharma as upholding one's duties and being righteous. It discusses Dharma as encompassing universal duties as well as personal duties. The document also explores how the concepts of Dharma and Karma can be applied in corporate settings to help guide employee behavior and performance. Specific strategies are suggested, such as reducing ego through equal treatment of all employees regardless of role.
The document discusses the concepts of dharma, karma, and karmayoga from ancient Indian philosophy. It defines dharma as ethical conduct and the supreme law of humanity. Ancient Indian philosophy contains three concepts of dharma - actions and their consequences, being just to others, and the outcome of one's deeds. Karma refers to all of one's actions and deeds in this life and past lives. Karmayoga is the theory that one can choose actions but not results. There are two types of karmayoga - nishkam, without attachment to personal gains, and sakam, with selfish desires for rewards. Nishkam karma leads to benefits like a stress-free mind while s
This document provides an overview of Indian culture and values through a presentation. It discusses traditions such as the greeting of "namaste", the practice of garlanding important guests, and the symbolism of elements in the national flag. It also outlines key facts about India's population, states, and religious demographics. Several national symbols of India are defined, including the tree, flower, animal, bird, and fruit. Elements of traditional Indian attire, dining etiquette, and family systems are reviewed. The presentation concludes with descriptions of core values in ancient Indian philosophy like dharma, morality, and the eight-fold path.
The document discusses the concept of "Dharma" in Hinduism. It defines Dharma as that which supports and maintains harmony in the individual, society, and world. Dharma is based on the Vedas, Dharma Shastras, and actions that please one's soul. True Dharma leads to self-realization through yoga. The essence of Dharma involves worship, right action, restraint of senses, non-violence, charity, and study of the Vedas. Dharma can be determined by knowledgeable people or those accomplished in spirituality. The document also discusses concepts like ego, ignorance, and how the nature of Dharma may change between ages but not
The document discusses the four Purusharthas or aims of human life in Hinduism - Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha. Dharma refers to moral values and righteous living. Artha relates to material prosperity and security. Kama means enjoyment and sensual pleasure. Moksha is liberation from the cycle of birth and death through self-realization. Together, the four aims provide a framework for living a purposeful life and guidance on how to balance spiritual and material duties and pleasures. Dharma is considered the highest aim, as it helps achieve Artha and Kama while guiding one towards the ultimate goal of Moksha.
This document provides an overview of the Puranas, a genre of Hindu religious texts. It discusses the main characteristics of Puranas which include the creation of the world, periods of Manus, genealogies of gods and sages, and accounts of royal dynasties. It also describes some key concepts in the Puranas like the four ages (Yugas) and the concept of time. Finally, it summarizes 18 major Puranas including the Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Brahma, Vishnu, Bhagavata, Padma, and Garuda Puranas.
The four purusharthas or objectives of human life according to ancient Indian philosophy are dharma, artha, kama, and moksha. Dharma refers to righteousness and duty. Artha relates to material prosperity and wealth. Kama means fulfilling desires. Moksha is the ultimate goal of liberation or self-realization, realizing that the individual self is the same as the Supreme Self. Fulfilling the purusharthas in the proper order through ethical and moral means helps one achieve moksha.
The document summarizes important values from the Indian epic Mahabharata through its main characters. It discusses the values of generosity through Karna, courage through Arjuna, commitment through Abhimanyu and Ghatotkach, true friendship through Karna and Duryodhana, unity through the Pandava brothers, discipline through Ekalaivan, patience through Yudhisthira, and obedience through Bhima. The document explores these values through short descriptions of the characters' actions in the epic story.
Lord Krishna was an incarnation of Vishnu who displayed exemplary leadership during the Mahabharata war. As a leader, he possessed many qualities including simplicity, being a dependable friend, communicating tactfully, and managing people effectively. When Arjuna faltered on the battlefield, Krishna motivated him as a teacher by sharing the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna achieved his goals of helping the righteous, destroying evil, and establishing Dharma. He demonstrated different leadership styles depending on the situation and adapted his approach based on the individuals. Krishna's leadership helped the Pandava army fight as a cohesive unit with a shared purpose, unlike the divided Kaurava army.
The document discusses the concepts of dharma, karma, and karmayoga from ancient Indian philosophy. It defines dharma as ethical conduct and the supreme law of humanity. Ancient Indian philosophy contains three concepts of dharma - actions and their consequences, being just to others, and the outcome of one's deeds. Karma refers to all of one's actions and deeds in this life and past lives. Karmayoga is the theory that one can choose actions but not results. There are two types of karmayoga - nishkam, without attachment to personal gains, and sakam, with selfish desires for rewards. Nishkam karma leads to benefits like a stress-free mind while s
This document provides an overview of Indian culture and values through a presentation. It discusses traditions such as the greeting of "namaste", the practice of garlanding important guests, and the symbolism of elements in the national flag. It also outlines key facts about India's population, states, and religious demographics. Several national symbols of India are defined, including the tree, flower, animal, bird, and fruit. Elements of traditional Indian attire, dining etiquette, and family systems are reviewed. The presentation concludes with descriptions of core values in ancient Indian philosophy like dharma, morality, and the eight-fold path.
The document discusses the concept of "Dharma" in Hinduism. It defines Dharma as that which supports and maintains harmony in the individual, society, and world. Dharma is based on the Vedas, Dharma Shastras, and actions that please one's soul. True Dharma leads to self-realization through yoga. The essence of Dharma involves worship, right action, restraint of senses, non-violence, charity, and study of the Vedas. Dharma can be determined by knowledgeable people or those accomplished in spirituality. The document also discusses concepts like ego, ignorance, and how the nature of Dharma may change between ages but not
The document discusses the four Purusharthas or aims of human life in Hinduism - Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha. Dharma refers to moral values and righteous living. Artha relates to material prosperity and security. Kama means enjoyment and sensual pleasure. Moksha is liberation from the cycle of birth and death through self-realization. Together, the four aims provide a framework for living a purposeful life and guidance on how to balance spiritual and material duties and pleasures. Dharma is considered the highest aim, as it helps achieve Artha and Kama while guiding one towards the ultimate goal of Moksha.
This document provides an overview of the Puranas, a genre of Hindu religious texts. It discusses the main characteristics of Puranas which include the creation of the world, periods of Manus, genealogies of gods and sages, and accounts of royal dynasties. It also describes some key concepts in the Puranas like the four ages (Yugas) and the concept of time. Finally, it summarizes 18 major Puranas including the Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Brahma, Vishnu, Bhagavata, Padma, and Garuda Puranas.
The four purusharthas or objectives of human life according to ancient Indian philosophy are dharma, artha, kama, and moksha. Dharma refers to righteousness and duty. Artha relates to material prosperity and wealth. Kama means fulfilling desires. Moksha is the ultimate goal of liberation or self-realization, realizing that the individual self is the same as the Supreme Self. Fulfilling the purusharthas in the proper order through ethical and moral means helps one achieve moksha.
The document summarizes important values from the Indian epic Mahabharata through its main characters. It discusses the values of generosity through Karna, courage through Arjuna, commitment through Abhimanyu and Ghatotkach, true friendship through Karna and Duryodhana, unity through the Pandava brothers, discipline through Ekalaivan, patience through Yudhisthira, and obedience through Bhima. The document explores these values through short descriptions of the characters' actions in the epic story.
Lord Krishna was an incarnation of Vishnu who displayed exemplary leadership during the Mahabharata war. As a leader, he possessed many qualities including simplicity, being a dependable friend, communicating tactfully, and managing people effectively. When Arjuna faltered on the battlefield, Krishna motivated him as a teacher by sharing the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna achieved his goals of helping the righteous, destroying evil, and establishing Dharma. He demonstrated different leadership styles depending on the situation and adapted his approach based on the individuals. Krishna's leadership helped the Pandava army fight as a cohesive unit with a shared purpose, unlike the divided Kaurava army.
Values and Ethical Lessons from mahabharataRuchita Dey
The document provides an overview of values, ethics, and ethical lessons that can be learned from the Mahabharata. It discusses key concepts like dharma, the golden rule, avoiding zero-sum games, and integrity. Specific examples from the Mahabharata are used to illustrate ethical approaches like utilitarianism, rights and duties, justice and fairness, and virtue. The document suggests that the overarching moral of the Mahabharata is the victory of good over evil.
The Puranas are a genre of important Hindu religious texts that provide information about ancient Indian history, genealogies of kings, devas, and sages, and various rituals. There are 18 main Puranas that cover topics like cosmology, genealogy, and mythology. The oldest Purana is the Vishnu Purana, which focuses on Vishnu and his avatars. The largest Purana is the Skanda Purana, which influenced Hindu traditions related to the god Skanda. The Puranas have had a major impact on Indian traditions, festivals, rituals, arts, culture, and pilgrimage sites.
The Vedas are the oldest and most authoritative Hindu sacred texts originating in ancient India. They are written in Sanskrit and consist of four main texts - the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising Vedic gods like Agni and Indra. The Samaveda contains melodies and chants primarily derived from the Rigveda. The Yajurveda describes religious rituals and ceremonies. The Atharvaveda consists of spells and charms and provides insights into Vedic society.
The document discusses the position and role of women in ancient Indian society. It provides context about why sons were more important than daughters for economic, safety, and military reasons. Women's roles included mother, sister, daughter, wife and widow. It outlines prominent female scholars from the Vedic period when women had more rights, which decreased in later periods. Goddesses like Lakshmi, Sarasvati and Durga were revered. A quote from Manusmriti establishes that women were not independent and needed protection by father, husband and son at different stages of life.
The Vedas are the oldest scriptures in India, composed between 1500-1000 BC. They are considered eternal knowledge and were written in Sanskrit. The four main Vedas are the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising deities like Indra, while the Samaveda contains chants. The Yajurveda contains sacrificial formulas and the Atharvaveda contains spells and charms. Yoga originated from teachings in the Vedas on controlling the mind and senses to achieve liberation. The Vedas provide principles for spiritual, cosmic, self and relationship management that can be applied
Updated: 25th Oct 2016 | Current Version: v10.3.2 b [beta]
Added some info of 'What are veda-s?
|| Hari OM ||
Dear Divine Souls, this article is a humble attempt to share some basic info about the eternal dharma, Sanatan Dharma from Traditional POV.
The article covers wide range of topics including importance of Guru, 14 abodes of knowledge, about women, 8 types of marriages, different types of Yoga and sects, varnashram dharma, why a dharma should be eternal, religious tolerance, Vegetarianism and Non-violence, and more.
The article also explains why Hindu Dharma is the most organized, integrated spiritual and practical way of life.
Please note that this is not a complete article and much needs to be added. Incomplete articles are tagged as [under construction]
|| Hari OM ||
Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions, with over 1 billion followers. It is based on the Vedas, a collection of sacred texts, and teaches that there is one supreme being (Brahman) that can be realized through various paths. Hindus believe that all living beings contain a divine spark (atman) and follow dharma, or righteousness, through a cycle of rebirth and karma to achieve moksha, or liberation from samsara. The religion is characterized by diversity, flexibility, and tolerance of other faiths.
The document discusses business values and ethics. It defines values and explains their importance in understanding organizations and determining behavior. Some fundamental business values discussed include truth, responsibility, risk-taking, openness, giving, credibility, caring, and honesty. The document also defines ethics as relating to what is right and wrong, and discusses the importance of conducting business in an ethical manner. It outlines factors like organizational goals and professional codes that govern business ethics.
This document discusses management principles found in the Bhagavad Gita. It introduces the Gita and explains how Lord Krishna provided counseling to Arjuna on the battlefield. Some key management concepts discussed include effective vs efficient management, the roles and functions of managers, utilizing resources, attitudes towards work, developing vision and excellence. The Gita's teachings on motivation, creating an effective work culture, and maintaining mental health for managers are also summarized. Overall, the document examines how modern Western management concepts relate to principles discussed in the ancient Indian text of the Bhagavad Gita.
The document provides an overview and analysis of key concepts and passages from the Vedas:
- There are four main Vedas - the Rg, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva Vedas. Each has four parts including hymns, rituals, forest teachings, and philosophical texts like the Upanishads.
- The Rg Veda's first hymn references Agni, the god of fire, as a sacrificial priest and bestower of delight. Analysis shows Agni represents the fire of enthusiasm that conquers lethargy.
- Other hymns reference concepts like Indra representing the power of the mind, Usha representing dawn as an intermediary
The document summarizes Indo-Roman trade between 200 BCE and 300 CE. It discusses the political conditions in India and Rome during this period, including the rule of various dynasties. The key sources of information about Indo-Roman trade are identified as literary works, archaeological evidence, and inscriptions. Major ports involved in the trade route are listed. Items exported from India included spices, textiles, minerals, gems, and ivory. Items imported to India were luxury goods like wine and glass. The trade led to an outflow of Roman gold, but benefited Indian merchants.
Param Pujya Gurudev Shriram Sharma Acharya was the founder of All World Gayatri Pariwar and wrote over 3000 books on Vedic culture. He compiled the Vedic scriptures such as the 4 Vedas, 108 Upanishads, 18 Puranas, and the 6 Darshanas in a simple language for modern times. He also wrote an additional Upanishad and Purana called "Pragyopanishad" and "Pragya Puran" respectively for the new era. Vedic culture is based on eternal knowledge from scriptures and teaches moral values, karma, and benefits society by reducing chaos. Reviving Rishi culture through these texts can help create a stress
The document discusses the four classes of the varna system in ancient Indian social life:
1) Brahmins, the priests or spiritual class who earned money through their intellect and included teachers and scientists.
2) Kshatriyas, the nobility or ruling class who earned money through strength, courage and included the army, bodyguards and police.
3) Vaishyas, the merchants and farmers who were an important part of the country's economy through business and farming.
4) Shudras or servants, those who did not achieve or learn anything and were considered laborers.
Krishna is considered an ideal role model and spiritual guru from whom we can learn important management lessons. As a true believer in karma, Krishna was committed to his purpose of killing the demon Kamsa from birth. He never hesitated to share his knowledge and preached the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna. Throughout his life, Krishna stuck to his clear goals of helping the good, destroying evil, and establishing dharma. He was a skilled strategist who tactfully won the Mahabharata war for the Pandavas using strategic approaches. As a good manager, Krishna helped guide the Pandavas in battle instead of finishing the war himself quickly. He remained impartial and never took sides
The document discusses the nine different forms of the Hindu goddess Durga worshipped during Navratri. Each form has a distinct name and symbolizes a different religious significance. The forms include Shailputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skanda Mata, Katyayani, Kalratri, Mahagauri, and Siddhidatri. Each form has specific iconography depicting Durga with different weapons, vehicles, and physical attributes representing her various powers and roles.
Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati was a Hindu reformer who founded the Arya Samaj movement in India in 1875. He believed in restoring Hinduism to its original Vedic principles by removing corruptions and superstitions that had been introduced over time. Some of his key teachings included rejecting idol worship, caste discrimination, and promoting education based on the Vedas. Despite facing opposition and even an assassination attempt, Dayananda traveled widely advocating for his reforms. He established the Arya Samaj organization and its 10 principles to guide followers in leading a righteous life according to the teachings of the Vedas.
The document summarizes several major Hindu philosophical schools of thought. The Samkhya school believes in dualism between soul (purusha) and matter (prakriti) and that knowledge can lead to salvation. The Yoga school focuses on meditation and physical exercises to unite purusha and prakriti. The Nyaya school emphasizes logical thinking and reasoning. The Vaisheshika school believes the universe is made of five elements and atoms. The Mimamsa school analyzes Vedic texts and rituals. Vedanta upholds Upanishads and believes Brahma is the ultimate reality. Interpretations include Shankaracharya's view of Brahma as attributeless and Ramanuja's emphasis
The document lists several universal human values from the Bhagavad Gita such as non-violence, accommodation, straightforwardness, service to teachers, and mastery over the mind. It also discusses key learnings from studying the Gita, including eradicating self-love and ego to realize one's own divinity. Finally, it provides 7 lessons learned from the Gita about choosing a spiritual path, letting go of attachments, having faith in oneness, and knowing there is more beyond physical senses.
The document discusses various topics related to science and technology in ancient India, including mechanical engineering, electricity, metallurgy, aeronautics, civil engineering, astronomy, mathematics, and Ayurveda. It provides examples of ancient Indian contributions such as text discussing machines, batteries, alloys, surgical techniques, astronomical calculations, and the concept of vaccination. The document suggests that ancient Indian scientists had a systematic, evidence-based scientific approach rather than just accidental discoveries.
Dharma refers to the principle of cosmic order and virtue or righteousness, especially regarding social and caste duties according to the natural order of the universe. Dharma was founded to provide solutions to eternal human problems stemming from natural instincts. Sources of Dharma include the Veda scriptures, tradition, good custom, and widely accepted customs specific to a society, place, or time.
This document discusses the concept of Dharma in Hindu law and its relationship to justice from ancient to modern times. It defines Dharma as natural law or righteousness that provides principles for harmonious living. Sources of Dharma included Vedic scriptures like the Shruti and Smriti texts written by ancient sages. During Islamic and British rule, Dharma was influenced by other legal systems but still informed concepts of duty and justice. In independent India, Dharma continues to influence law through constitutional principles and personal laws, though it now coexists with secularism. Problems around religious intolerance and the need for a uniform civil code are also discussed.
Values and Ethical Lessons from mahabharataRuchita Dey
The document provides an overview of values, ethics, and ethical lessons that can be learned from the Mahabharata. It discusses key concepts like dharma, the golden rule, avoiding zero-sum games, and integrity. Specific examples from the Mahabharata are used to illustrate ethical approaches like utilitarianism, rights and duties, justice and fairness, and virtue. The document suggests that the overarching moral of the Mahabharata is the victory of good over evil.
The Puranas are a genre of important Hindu religious texts that provide information about ancient Indian history, genealogies of kings, devas, and sages, and various rituals. There are 18 main Puranas that cover topics like cosmology, genealogy, and mythology. The oldest Purana is the Vishnu Purana, which focuses on Vishnu and his avatars. The largest Purana is the Skanda Purana, which influenced Hindu traditions related to the god Skanda. The Puranas have had a major impact on Indian traditions, festivals, rituals, arts, culture, and pilgrimage sites.
The Vedas are the oldest and most authoritative Hindu sacred texts originating in ancient India. They are written in Sanskrit and consist of four main texts - the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising Vedic gods like Agni and Indra. The Samaveda contains melodies and chants primarily derived from the Rigveda. The Yajurveda describes religious rituals and ceremonies. The Atharvaveda consists of spells and charms and provides insights into Vedic society.
The document discusses the position and role of women in ancient Indian society. It provides context about why sons were more important than daughters for economic, safety, and military reasons. Women's roles included mother, sister, daughter, wife and widow. It outlines prominent female scholars from the Vedic period when women had more rights, which decreased in later periods. Goddesses like Lakshmi, Sarasvati and Durga were revered. A quote from Manusmriti establishes that women were not independent and needed protection by father, husband and son at different stages of life.
The Vedas are the oldest scriptures in India, composed between 1500-1000 BC. They are considered eternal knowledge and were written in Sanskrit. The four main Vedas are the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising deities like Indra, while the Samaveda contains chants. The Yajurveda contains sacrificial formulas and the Atharvaveda contains spells and charms. Yoga originated from teachings in the Vedas on controlling the mind and senses to achieve liberation. The Vedas provide principles for spiritual, cosmic, self and relationship management that can be applied
Updated: 25th Oct 2016 | Current Version: v10.3.2 b [beta]
Added some info of 'What are veda-s?
|| Hari OM ||
Dear Divine Souls, this article is a humble attempt to share some basic info about the eternal dharma, Sanatan Dharma from Traditional POV.
The article covers wide range of topics including importance of Guru, 14 abodes of knowledge, about women, 8 types of marriages, different types of Yoga and sects, varnashram dharma, why a dharma should be eternal, religious tolerance, Vegetarianism and Non-violence, and more.
The article also explains why Hindu Dharma is the most organized, integrated spiritual and practical way of life.
Please note that this is not a complete article and much needs to be added. Incomplete articles are tagged as [under construction]
|| Hari OM ||
Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions, with over 1 billion followers. It is based on the Vedas, a collection of sacred texts, and teaches that there is one supreme being (Brahman) that can be realized through various paths. Hindus believe that all living beings contain a divine spark (atman) and follow dharma, or righteousness, through a cycle of rebirth and karma to achieve moksha, or liberation from samsara. The religion is characterized by diversity, flexibility, and tolerance of other faiths.
The document discusses business values and ethics. It defines values and explains their importance in understanding organizations and determining behavior. Some fundamental business values discussed include truth, responsibility, risk-taking, openness, giving, credibility, caring, and honesty. The document also defines ethics as relating to what is right and wrong, and discusses the importance of conducting business in an ethical manner. It outlines factors like organizational goals and professional codes that govern business ethics.
This document discusses management principles found in the Bhagavad Gita. It introduces the Gita and explains how Lord Krishna provided counseling to Arjuna on the battlefield. Some key management concepts discussed include effective vs efficient management, the roles and functions of managers, utilizing resources, attitudes towards work, developing vision and excellence. The Gita's teachings on motivation, creating an effective work culture, and maintaining mental health for managers are also summarized. Overall, the document examines how modern Western management concepts relate to principles discussed in the ancient Indian text of the Bhagavad Gita.
The document provides an overview and analysis of key concepts and passages from the Vedas:
- There are four main Vedas - the Rg, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva Vedas. Each has four parts including hymns, rituals, forest teachings, and philosophical texts like the Upanishads.
- The Rg Veda's first hymn references Agni, the god of fire, as a sacrificial priest and bestower of delight. Analysis shows Agni represents the fire of enthusiasm that conquers lethargy.
- Other hymns reference concepts like Indra representing the power of the mind, Usha representing dawn as an intermediary
The document summarizes Indo-Roman trade between 200 BCE and 300 CE. It discusses the political conditions in India and Rome during this period, including the rule of various dynasties. The key sources of information about Indo-Roman trade are identified as literary works, archaeological evidence, and inscriptions. Major ports involved in the trade route are listed. Items exported from India included spices, textiles, minerals, gems, and ivory. Items imported to India were luxury goods like wine and glass. The trade led to an outflow of Roman gold, but benefited Indian merchants.
Param Pujya Gurudev Shriram Sharma Acharya was the founder of All World Gayatri Pariwar and wrote over 3000 books on Vedic culture. He compiled the Vedic scriptures such as the 4 Vedas, 108 Upanishads, 18 Puranas, and the 6 Darshanas in a simple language for modern times. He also wrote an additional Upanishad and Purana called "Pragyopanishad" and "Pragya Puran" respectively for the new era. Vedic culture is based on eternal knowledge from scriptures and teaches moral values, karma, and benefits society by reducing chaos. Reviving Rishi culture through these texts can help create a stress
The document discusses the four classes of the varna system in ancient Indian social life:
1) Brahmins, the priests or spiritual class who earned money through their intellect and included teachers and scientists.
2) Kshatriyas, the nobility or ruling class who earned money through strength, courage and included the army, bodyguards and police.
3) Vaishyas, the merchants and farmers who were an important part of the country's economy through business and farming.
4) Shudras or servants, those who did not achieve or learn anything and were considered laborers.
Krishna is considered an ideal role model and spiritual guru from whom we can learn important management lessons. As a true believer in karma, Krishna was committed to his purpose of killing the demon Kamsa from birth. He never hesitated to share his knowledge and preached the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna. Throughout his life, Krishna stuck to his clear goals of helping the good, destroying evil, and establishing dharma. He was a skilled strategist who tactfully won the Mahabharata war for the Pandavas using strategic approaches. As a good manager, Krishna helped guide the Pandavas in battle instead of finishing the war himself quickly. He remained impartial and never took sides
The document discusses the nine different forms of the Hindu goddess Durga worshipped during Navratri. Each form has a distinct name and symbolizes a different religious significance. The forms include Shailputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skanda Mata, Katyayani, Kalratri, Mahagauri, and Siddhidatri. Each form has specific iconography depicting Durga with different weapons, vehicles, and physical attributes representing her various powers and roles.
Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati was a Hindu reformer who founded the Arya Samaj movement in India in 1875. He believed in restoring Hinduism to its original Vedic principles by removing corruptions and superstitions that had been introduced over time. Some of his key teachings included rejecting idol worship, caste discrimination, and promoting education based on the Vedas. Despite facing opposition and even an assassination attempt, Dayananda traveled widely advocating for his reforms. He established the Arya Samaj organization and its 10 principles to guide followers in leading a righteous life according to the teachings of the Vedas.
The document summarizes several major Hindu philosophical schools of thought. The Samkhya school believes in dualism between soul (purusha) and matter (prakriti) and that knowledge can lead to salvation. The Yoga school focuses on meditation and physical exercises to unite purusha and prakriti. The Nyaya school emphasizes logical thinking and reasoning. The Vaisheshika school believes the universe is made of five elements and atoms. The Mimamsa school analyzes Vedic texts and rituals. Vedanta upholds Upanishads and believes Brahma is the ultimate reality. Interpretations include Shankaracharya's view of Brahma as attributeless and Ramanuja's emphasis
The document lists several universal human values from the Bhagavad Gita such as non-violence, accommodation, straightforwardness, service to teachers, and mastery over the mind. It also discusses key learnings from studying the Gita, including eradicating self-love and ego to realize one's own divinity. Finally, it provides 7 lessons learned from the Gita about choosing a spiritual path, letting go of attachments, having faith in oneness, and knowing there is more beyond physical senses.
The document discusses various topics related to science and technology in ancient India, including mechanical engineering, electricity, metallurgy, aeronautics, civil engineering, astronomy, mathematics, and Ayurveda. It provides examples of ancient Indian contributions such as text discussing machines, batteries, alloys, surgical techniques, astronomical calculations, and the concept of vaccination. The document suggests that ancient Indian scientists had a systematic, evidence-based scientific approach rather than just accidental discoveries.
Dharma refers to the principle of cosmic order and virtue or righteousness, especially regarding social and caste duties according to the natural order of the universe. Dharma was founded to provide solutions to eternal human problems stemming from natural instincts. Sources of Dharma include the Veda scriptures, tradition, good custom, and widely accepted customs specific to a society, place, or time.
This document discusses the concept of Dharma in Hindu law and its relationship to justice from ancient to modern times. It defines Dharma as natural law or righteousness that provides principles for harmonious living. Sources of Dharma included Vedic scriptures like the Shruti and Smriti texts written by ancient sages. During Islamic and British rule, Dharma was influenced by other legal systems but still informed concepts of duty and justice. In independent India, Dharma continues to influence law through constitutional principles and personal laws, though it now coexists with secularism. Problems around religious intolerance and the need for a uniform civil code are also discussed.
Purushartha: The way to live blissful life.rpmgt11
This document discusses the concept of Purushartha, which are the four aims of life in Hinduism - Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha. It explains that fulfilling these four aims allows one to live a purposeful and blissful life. Dharma refers to righteous living and duties. Artha means acquiring wealth and resources. Kama is the satisfaction of desires. And Moksha is final liberation or release from the cycle of life and death. The document also notes that these four aims of life are hierarchical, with Dharma being the foremost aim to achieve fulfillment and sustain society.
Dharma Productions is a leading Indian film production company founded in 1976 by Yash Johar. It is now run by Karan Johar. Dharma is known for producing some of Bollywood's biggest blockbusters featuring lavish sets and exotic locations. Key achievements include having 4 of the highest-grossing Bollywood films overseas. Dharma utilizes strategic marketing techniques including extensive promotions, tie-ups with brands, and understanding audience preferences to ensure box office success. Major films include Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham, Kal Ho Naa Ho, and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai that have earned over ₹100 crore each.
The four main objectives or goals in Hinduism are called Purusharthas. They are Dharma (righteousness), Artha (material wealth), Kama (desire), and Moksha (salvation/liberation from the cycle of birth and death). Dharma and Moksha are the objectives one ought to seek, while Artha and Kama are ones people are naturally inclined to seek. Each Purushartha was further elaborated on in important Hindu texts to provide guidance on fulfilling Dharma, achieving Moksha, and properly pursuing Artha and Kama in a righteous way. Fulfilling one's Dharma through cultivating Artha and Kama in the right spirit
The document discusses the Indian concept of Purushartha, which refers to the four main goals or aims of human life: Dharma (virtue/righteousness), Artha (wealth), Kama (pleasure), and Moksha (liberation). It explains each of these concepts and their significance for social welfare, self-control, and self-realization. Purushartha also provides the psycho-moral basis for the Ashrama system of life stages. The document then discusses how Purushartha relates to business needs like the need for finance/wealth and sharing wealth with stakeholders. It also covers Sanskara or values, describing them as processes that transform people into ideal personalities through in
Personality, personality development, learning, nature synthesis, work motivation and ethics, productivity, leadership, leadership role models, creativity, natural environment and human society, conflict, experiences of effectiveness of practices.
Characteristics of a Dharmika (One who follows Dharma)Dada Rainjitananda
Ten characteristics of spiritualists (Dharmikas) who follow Dharma. How one becomes when following true Dharma? Recognize them by these 10 characteristics. Video here: http://youtu.be/4k3Z8Ug4M3Q
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá las importaciones marítimas de petróleo ruso a la UE y pondrá fin a las entregas a través de oleoductos dentro de seis meses. Esta medida forma parte de un sexto paquete de sanciones de la UE destinadas a aumentar la presión económica sobre Moscú y privar al Kremlin de fondos para financiar su guerra.
Dharma Marketing aims to bring spirituality into business practices in three ways:
1) Using proximity marketing to reach the deepest human psyche and connect with customers' spiritual values like in eastern traditions.
2) Encouraging organizational self-knowledge so companies understand how human spirituality impacts employee attitudes and decision-making.
3) Rethinking organizational relationships to build more meaningful and transparent connections between companies and stakeholders by focusing on shared human purpose over individual motivations.
Hinduism developed slowly over time without a single founder. It is based on teachings found in the Vedas and Upanishads and concepts like karma, reincarnation, and moksha. Hindus believe that souls are reborn into different forms based on their karma from past lives, with the goal of achieving moksha and escaping this cycle. Other key beliefs and practices include worshipping gods like Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, following a vegetarian diet, and the historical caste system which restricted social roles based on birth.
Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions, with over 1 billion followers worldwide. It believes in an eternal spiritual principle called Sanatana Dharma. The core scriptures are the Vedas, which form the basis of Hindu beliefs and philosophy. Hinduism sees divinity in all of creation and believes in an impersonal and personal conception of God. It teaches that all individuals have an eternal soul (Atman) that is ultimately one with the divine (Brahman).
This material is a part of PGPSE / CSE study material for the students of PGPSE / CSE students. PGPSE is a free online programme for all those who want to be social entrepreneurs / entrepreneurs This material is a part of PGPSE / CSE study material for the students of PGPSE / CSE students. PGPSE is a free online programme for all those who want to be social entrepreneurs / entrepreneurs
Gandhi's teachings were influenced by Hindu and Jain beliefs and centered around key concepts like satya (truth), ahimsa (non-violence), brahmacharya (spiritual purity and celibacy), and simplicity. He believed strongly in satyagraha (non-violent resistance) and applied concepts like ahimsa and satya to his political protests against British rule in India. Gandhi saw truth as greater than any force and pursued it through non-violent civil disobedience. He advocated for equality, living a simple lifestyle, and applied principles of brahmacharya, ahimsa, and non-violence to all areas of his life and leadership of the
The document discusses accounting for hire purchase transactions. It explains key terms like hire purchase, cash price, and instalments. It provides the accounting entries for purchases of assets under hire purchase, payment of instalments, depreciation, and repossession in the books of the purchaser and vendor. It also discusses the accrual system of accounting for hire purchase transactions and entries for partial and full repossession.
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2) It explains that banking companies accept deposits and use the money to make loans. Their main function is to channel money from savers to borrowers. Various laws at both the federal and state level regulate banking companies.
3) The document also describes the system of bookkeeping used in banks including the general ledger, subsidiary books like cash books, purchase books and sales books, as well as bills receivable and payable books. Maintaining accurate accounting records is important for banks.
This document discusses different types of business branches including home branches, foreign branches, and dependent vs independent branches. It provides details on home branches, which are those located in the same country as the head office, and can be dependent or independent. Dependent branches do not maintain full transaction records, while independent branches do. The document also covers important terms like inter-branch transactions, goods in transit, and cash in transit. Finally, it discusses three methods for keeping accounting records for dependent branches: the debtors system, final account system, and stock and debtors system.
The concept of varnashrama dharma (Sociology)Farhan Ali Khan
The document discusses the Hindu concept of varnashrama dharma, which divides society into four social classes (varnas) and human life into four stages (ashramas). The four ashramas are brahmacharya (student), grihastha (householder), vanaprastha (retired), and sanyasa (renunciation). Each ashrama has specific duties and goals to help individuals progress spiritually on their journey towards moksha (liberation). The ashrama system aims to regulate social life and organize both individuals and society according to the guiding principles of dharma.
1. The document discusses management principles from the Bhagavad Gita, including forming a vision, planning strategy, cultivating leadership, establishing excellence, and developing human resources.
2. It analyzes Lord Krishna's roles in the Mahabharata and how they demonstrate managerial skills, such as when he was a child, leader, king, and more.
3. The document argues Western management focuses too much on efficiency and profit while the Bhagavad Gita addresses human thinking and behavior to improve actions and results.
The document discusses several concepts from Indian management thought related to harmony in society and organizations. It covers the following key points:
1. Harmony with the environment is important for an individual's development, as their surroundings shape their opportunities. An organization's culture also influences employees.
2. Self-control is essential for personal mastery and avoiding obstacles to success. It involves moderation and detachment from uncontrollable factors.
3. Dharma refers to righteousness and truth, while swadharma means fulfilling one's duties according to their role. Detachment from illusion is also discussed.
4. A holistic approach to personality considers both psychological and spiritual aspects in therapy. Core values
Indian ethos refers to the guiding beliefs and ideals that characterize Indian society and culture. It is based on ancient scriptures and concepts like karma yoga (selfless work), seeing the divine in all beings, cooperation between individuals, and focusing on inner spiritual development rather than materialism. Indian ethos emphasizes managing organizations in a way that leads to holistic growth, social responsibility, and harmony between private and public benefit. It promotes a subjective and values-based approach centered around human welfare rather than just profits.
1. The document discusses management lessons that can be learned from ancient Indian scriptures like the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and others.
2. It provides examples of concepts like seeing the manager as akin to the sun, emphasizing sustained effort and detachment from results.
3. Key principles for management discussed include realizing one's inner potential and partnership with the divine, a holistic approach, giving equal importance to subjective and objective factors, practicing karma yoga or selfless service, and emphasizing excellence in work and cooperation over competition.
Indian management thoughts and practicesChintan Vora
Here are the key differences between role personality and true personality:
- Role personality refers to the personality traits and behaviors one adopts to fulfill expected
social and professional roles. True personality refers to one's inherent and authentic
personality traits.
- Role personality is shaped by external factors like social and cultural norms to fit into various
roles. True personality emerges from within and is less influenced by external expectations.
- With role personality, one may act differently in different roles. True personality remains
consistent across different contexts and roles.
- Role personality can be superficial and one may not internally identify with it. True personality
represents one's authentic self that one internally identifies with.
12
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Indian ethos for management draws from ancient scriptures like the Gita and Upanishads. It is based on 6 principles: seeing the potential divinity in every person, a holistic approach, balancing subjectivity and objectivity, karma yoga or selfless service, striving for excellence in work, and cooperation over competition. The approach emphasizes spiritual development for individuals and society through dharma, balanced perspectives, equality of all work, and unity.
Business ethics establishes moral principles and values to govern business activities beyond legal requirements. It helps build trust between a business and its customers through codes of conduct. Some key issues in business ethics include corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, social responsibility, and fiduciary duties. The principles of business ethics according to Indian ethos emphasize leadership, accountability, integrity, respect, honesty, responsibility, fairness, loyalty, and environmental concern. Management based on Vedantic values focuses on self-knowledge, treating people equally, engaging in fair practices, and benefiting society.
Unit 1 - Indian Ethos – An Overview.pptxShakil Mulla
Indian ethos refers to the set of beliefs that guide individuals and society in India. It is based on ancient scriptures like the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita. Indian ethos focuses on principles like equality, balance, duty, morality, and excellence. It emphasizes developing one's character and maintaining harmony between personal and professional life. Adopting Indian ethos can help organizations practice transparency and fairness, treat people with dignity, take a holistic approach, and solve problems through cooperation. This can strengthen relationships, improve performance and self-reliance, and facilitate balanced growth.
The document discusses Indian ethos and its relevance for management. Some key aspects of Indian ethos discussed include:
1. The essential divinity and oneness of all souls and life, as described in ancient Hindu texts. This emphasizes seeing the divine in all people.
2. A holistic view of the universe where all minds and matter are interconnected. This emphasizes love, sacrifice and working for the welfare of others.
3. Indian philosophies see all work as a way to manifest the divine and should be done without attachment to results. Work is also seen as duty rather than just a means to an end.
4. Management based on Indian ethos emphasizes subjective qualities like courage and integrity
The document discusses several key ideas from the Bhagavad Gita and their application to management. It notes that the Gita conversation was between Krishna and Arjuna, and explores concepts like non-attachment, different work cultures, maintaining equipoise of mind, focusing on duty over rewards, and the role of an inspired leader.
This document provides an overview of business ethics from various perspectives in Hinduism. It discusses how ethics are foundational in Hindu scriptures like the Vedas and Upanishads. Concepts like rita, satya, and dharma establishing truth and righteousness. The Bhagavad Gita outlines three paths of ethics through karma, bhakti and jnana yoga. It identifies virtues for business like peace, charity, simplicity. Overall, Hindu ethics focus on non-violence, duty, truthfulness and surrendering fruits of work to God over selfishness.
This document discusses various aspects of performance reviews and feedback. It begins by providing a brief historical context of performance reviews dating back to ancient China. It then discusses some of the common problems with traditional performance review systems, noting that many employees dread the process. The document advocates focusing reviews on future goals and plans rather than just past performance. It also suggests that while praise is good for newcomers, more experienced workers may prefer and benefit from more constructive criticism as it can help them improve and feel challenged. Overall, the key idea discussed is that the purpose of reviews and feedback should be to foster continued growth and goal pursuit, not just judgements of past performance.
The importance of values in human beings can never be overstated. It is only when people adhere to human values that there is going to be harmony in families, organizations, relationships, society, and the world.
The document discusses the principles of Indian ethos in management. It outlines concepts like karma yoga, cooperation, humanizing organizations, and self-introspection as part of Indian management principles. It also discusses the importance of human values like truthfulness, integrity, and humility. Work is seen as a way to purify the mind and serve others without self-interest. Ethical behavior is emphasized in relationships between superiors, coworkers, subordinates, and trainees. Upholding human rights and maintaining proper conduct are seen as important.
Karma Theory,Nishkam Karma Yoga and Professionalism,Personal and Managerial effectiveness in Indian Thoughts,Management of the Self,Management of the Body,Management of the Thoughts,Management of the Emotions,Stress Management,Interpersonal and Group Effectiveness
Moving beyond human excellence towards organizational culturedrvijayamravi
1. Human excellence refers to the innate potential in every human being. Organizations can tap into human excellence by discovering each individual's unique strengths and allowing creativity and innovation.
2. The role of HR is crucial in bringing out human excellence. Effective recruitment and matching jobs to skills is important. Training must be implemented in daily work and intrinsic motivation developed through challenges, decision making opportunities, and appreciation.
3. Enhancing creativity involves exposing employees to all organization activities, encouraging debate and problem solving, rewarding innovative ideas, and creating an atmosphere of openness and learning from others. Developing intrinsic motivation is key to sustaining excellence.
Karma yoga is one of the four classical schools of yoga alongside Jnana (knowledge or self-study), Bhakti (devotion) and Raja (meditation), each offering a path to moksha (spiritual liberation) and self-realization.
Derived from the Sanskrit term for "action", karma is understood by both Hindu and Buddhist traditions to be the sum of a person’s deeds in past, present and future states of existence. In yoga, karma is known as the path of action, or selfless service towards others.
Karma yoga is considered to be one of the most practical and effective means of spiritual development.
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1. The document discusses concepts related to human values and ethics in management and work. It defines human values as beliefs about what is right and wrong and important in life, such as truthfulness, integrity, and forgiveness.
2. It explains that values determine the content of choices and decisions as well as the manner of using reason to justify actions. Values are also referred to as "gunas" in ancient Indian philosophy.
3. The document provides guidance on working and interacting ethically with superiors, co-workers, subordinates, and trainees based on principles of equality, respect, proper conduct, and trust. Upholding ethical behavior benefits individuals, teams, organizations, and society.
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The Book of Ruth is included in the third division, or the Writings, of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.
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1. TYBMS- “A”
Submitted to:
Prof. Mr.B.K.Nair
BY:-
02-Neha Agarwal
15-Binaifer Bodhanwalla
16-Dhaval chheda
21-Rajiv Dadia
24-Mansi Desai
57-Prerna Mascerenhas
2. Introduction
The Concept of Dharma
Sri Krishna explains to Arjuna that one's duty is of paramount
importance, for it is the means to fulfill the purpose of life. That which
supports the fulfillment of one's duty is called Dharma. Dharma is not
comparable to religion; it encompasses all the dimensions of life. It
refers to duties done harmoniously, skillfully, selflessly and lovingly. It
supports one in fulfilling the purpose of life and helps one to relate to
others and to society in a harmonious way.
But Dharma does not only mean fulfilling one’s duty. The word Dharma
is derived from the root “Dhr” which means to uphold. Thus Dharma
means to uphold one’s duty, to uphold truth at all times. Thus
whosoever speaks the truth is said to fulfill their Dharma. This one point
is constantly referred in the Mahabharata, where Bhishma Pitama
mentions that those who are on the side of truth in the battle of
Kurukshetra are on the path of Dharma. Bhishma Pitama also
mentions to Yudhistira whatever creates conflict is Adharma
(antonym of Dharma), and whatever puts an end to conflict and brings
about unity and harmony is Dharma.
Dharma therefore means to be on the path of righteousness. Those
following such a path are at all times in sync with the truth. Ideally the
aim of Dharma is to make one reach Moksha or Nirvana or self-
realization and in this process Dharma aims to elevate the characters of
men.
The rules of Dharma have been laid down for regulating the worldly
affairs of men. Dharma is the means of preserving one’s self. If you
violate the law, it will kill you. If you protect it, it will protect you. It is
your soul companion after death. It is the sole refuge of humanity.
Dharma is classified into
• Samanya Dharma
• Visesha Dharma
Samanya Dharma is general and Universal Dharma and Visesha Dharma
is specific and personal Dharma.
3. Elements of Samanya Dharma
1. Contentment (santosh)
2. forgiveness
3. self-restraint
4. non-stealing
5. purity
6. control of senses
7. discrimination between right and wrong, as also between the real
and the unreal
8. spiritual knowledge
9. truthfulness
10. Absence of anger comes under the general or universal Dharma
Visesha Dharma includes duties toward one's birth, age, family, society,
career, job and spiritual life
Thus Dharma shows people the correct path to follow throughout their
lives. It is an unwritten law that guides man in conducting himself with
good behavior. This is why Dharma is so vital. The teachings haven’t
withered with time but the same has only gotten stronger.
4. Dharma and Karma
We should avoid even the smallest negative actions, and we should
perform even the most insignificant positive actions without
underestimating their value. The reason for this is that the happiness
we all want and the suffering we all try to avoid are produced precisely
by our actions, or karma.
The Dalai Lama, a Flash of Lightening in the Dark of Night
Source: http://www.buddhism-blog.com/karma/index.html
All religions of the world have certain commonalities in them. One such
commonality is not to commit any sort of sins or crimes. Society has
made rules and regulations to ensure that all those committing such
action are going to be met with justice.
Sins are negative actions for which there will be negative repercussions.
Similarly there are positive deeds that one is always expected to do.
Such deeds lead to positive repercussions. They say your action decides
your future. The kind of consequence one faces purely depends upon
their action. Thus the concept of Karma says that one must at all times
continue pursuing what he/she is supposed to do. One must ensure to
try and do things which lead to a positive consequence. Consequences
of actions are known as Karamphala. A positive Karamphala is
Poonya and a negative Karamphala is known as Paap.
According to Hindu Scriptures, the life a person lives is based on his/her
past actions. The present will shape the future. Thus the law of Karma
always advises people to ensure that at all times they’re trying to make
a positive difference in their daily lives by which everyone benefits.
“The concept of Karma makes one fully responsible for what happens to
him/her. One is not subject to the tyranny of destiny or fate. One can
determine one’s own destiny. Action or Karma is the route”
Source: Ethics, Indian Ethos and Management, Page 99
5. Popularly it is said that one must not worry too much about the results
but must continue doing what they’re supposed to do. Students are
supposed to study, doctors are supposed to diagnose etc. No matter
what the work one has to do, one must make sure that it is done with
utmost sincerity, wholeheartedly and lovingly.
These are the elements of Dharma as explained by Shri Krishna to
Arjuna. This is where Dharma and Karma come together. Where there is
dharma you cannot avoid karma. Karma does not exist independently
of dharma, and only dharma makes karma work. The concept of
karma is that if you go against dharma, you have to pay the price for
it.
Even Gods and kings get affected by their Karma. According to the
Ramayana, the great Ravana, king of Lanka also had to face the
repercussions of his karma. The result of his sins was his death at the
hands of Lord Rama.
Therefore if kings cannot escape the results of their past actions, what
can be said about us mere mortals? The aim of life is to perform your
work in a way by which positive deeds are created. For that to happen
one must at all times be on the path of righteousness. That is Dharma.
Karma bound by Dharma, leads one to happiness and bliss. The
objective is to achieve Moksha or self-realization.
The rest of the world may not know this but Karma can be seen
everywhere. Today, some companies are successful is because they
have done work in the past which has led to positive consequences that
has proven beneficial for companies, stakeholders and society.
• The Tata Group built Jameshedpur and set up industries there,
that was positive Karma.
• Sony made a contribution to change the perception of people in
the 50’s of the brand Made in Japan. This has proven to be
beneficial for Japanese industries. This is also positive Karma.
Companies need to inculcate the teachings of Dharma and Karma in
order to bring scientific changes in their management whereby
performance and behavior of employees is guided by these teachings.
Different people have different duties by virtue of their positions. This
concept is known as Swadharma. This is what companies need to
6. understand and can be used as a strong HRM tool where by each and
every employee’s role becomes well defined.
Corporate leaders can very well use these concepts of Dharma and
Karma to build characters of their employees. Such concepts can help
companies build on a long lasting reputation in industry and society.
They can position themselves as the company that is on the path of
righteousness.
Source
Websites
www.hinduism.co.za/dharma.htm
www.avgsatsang.com
Books
Bhavan’s Journals
Ethics, Indian Ethos and Management
7. Suggest specific strategies to practice DHARMA in
Corporates.
Thanks to an enlightened mindset, the bottom line is not the sole criterion
that fires corporate thinking these days.
There is a clear crosscurrent based on Indian ethos and eastern spiritual
values that's quietly pervading boardrooms across the globe. The grit and
gumption of Oriental nations is creating a strong undercurrent that's holding
back western domination of markets. Japan led the way. Now it is the turn of
China and India…
Modern management is increasingly adopting Vedic precepts to stay in
the race for market share. The Vedas are a systematic and formulated
study of the science of life. Vedanta literally means the end (anta) of
knowledge (ved).
Says Anuj Bahl of Logic Control: quot;Indian ethos is more vital to modern
management than any other management theory for the simple reason that
it takes in to account a 'whole' man rather than approaching man in a partial
fashion as the other theories do. Each and every situation can be met with
effectively if one takes time to reflect over it. Reflection with a tranquil mind
helps in drawing out solutions from within. Such guidance from within, helps
a manager look at the perceived problem situation in a creative manner. It
leads to a more coherent and complete understanding.quot;
8. Advaita Vedanta (monism) advises us that we should determine our goals,
identify our capabilities and focus our actions upon the goals. Vedanta
identifies key areas where man suffers on various fronts due to the
ignorance of various laws of life and nature. Such ignorance leads to a loss
in physical and mental energies causing tremendous damage in the effective
implementation of the decisions and actions of an individual.
The first point we need to understand is the importance of reducing
the Ego as it fosters self-centered, separatist tendencies. A practical
way to control the ego at the workplace is to emulate what the public
relations company IPAN (Indian Public Affairs Network) does. Here the staff's
visiting cards do not mention their designation, simply the names. This goes
for the CEO, Rajeev Desai too. In this manner a misplaced sense of
hierarchy is discouraged and though every executive handles a certain
number of clients only, each is in principle responsible for all.
As we all know, human desires never end. And as salaries, aspirations,
expectations, workloads, work hours and deadlines rise, the body and mind
of employees across all levels of the spectrum are increasingly coming under
strain. Putting in 16 to 20 hours a day is not uncommon in IT, foreign
banking, advertising, public relations and some segments of the media.
While this may boost company profits, there are unwanted consequences for
management and employees alike. The primary one is that hypertension,
diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, nervous breakdowns, viral
infections, cancer and other stress-induced ailments are making a much
early appearance with more alarming frequency than in previous
generations.
quot;External situations only mirror what employees are within.”
9. If employee lives are unwholesome, distressed, imbalanced, disintegrated
and out-of-sync with the laws of nature, the external situations for
themselves and their organizations cannot be otherwise.quot;
To protect bottom line interests, corporates are hiring consultants to help
safeguard and promote the well being of employees. In tackling stress-
induced ailments, New Age practices such as yoga, meditation, Vipassana
and prayer are finding wide acceptance
Dr. M.B Athreya (management consultant) says that in many companies
these workshops are open to all employees, and even unions.
In fact, sometimes it is the managers and senior executives who are
gyaan paapis (resisting the light of knowledge). quot;The utilization of New
Age principles has brought balance in the minds of union leaders about
their broader responsibility to stakeholders, including society. Thanks to
this thinking, at least some workers refrain from making populist
demands on their representatives. Line executives acquire more
compassion in their human relations. The relationship between line and
personnel managers moves towards cooperation.quot;
Dr. Athreya also says that at the top management level the ideas of
organizational dharma, including social responsibility and good
corporate governance, are finding global favor. Companies using such
principles are the Godrej group, the Vardhaman group, Indian Oil
Corporation, Lupin Laboratories, Excel Industries, Yash Paper, Eicher, et
al.
10. This is a line echoed by Vikas Malkani spiritual guide and author.
Malkani says that the social aspect is increasingly being accorded more
prominence. Whenever the me-too syndrome has consumers confused
about which brand to opt for, they will gravitate towards companies that
have fostered an image of responsible corporate citizens by supporting
social and environmental issues. What we in India term quot;public servicequot;
promotions. Here, the Tatas, Godrej, the Birlas and others have
exhibited a high level of social and environmental consciousness.
And discounting a popular notion, Athreya says that liberalization since
1991 is changing the rules towards dharma. Companies with
kaushalam, samatva, sevaa and keerti (skill, equanimity, service
and fame) will thrive. Despite rivals sometimes hitting below the belt,
organizations that follow ethical business practices need not suffer a dip
in profits.
Two companies that have steadfastly promoted and practiced ethical
precepts in management are Wipro Corporation and Infosys Ltd. It's no
coincidence that both have scaled dizzying heights and can proudly
claim the largest market capitalization amongst Indian corporates. The
lesson in the twin success stories is loud and clear: those who take the
long, hard but ethical road to success are assured of long-term
dividends that aren't eroded with the next Union Budget. Short-cut
success is short-lived success.
Athreya insists that to view ethics and business as incompatible is to
take a superficial and cynically convenient view. quot;Long-term, sustainable
profits can only come through dharma. Profit coming from adharma will
disappear due to competition offering better value for money. In a
pluralistic, open economy, dealers, vendors and employees have the
11. choice of leaving for another organization. Lower tax rates and better
enforcement make compliance and dharma more feasible.quot;
Bhatnagar argues that quot;the correct index of success should not be
money. It should be a 'sense of abundance' that an individual or
organization feels they are enjoying. Again, abundance does not mean
resources, turnover or net profits alone. It means abundance of
everything—peace, happiness and harmony within and without, not just
for the top few but for everybody in the organization. Seen in the above
context, ethical and spiritual principles are not only compatible with the
profit motive, they are the only means to ensure itquot;.
Indeed, this synthesis is imperative for long-lasting success and societal
well being. Corporates have realized that the pursuit of self-interest will
not only destroy the environment, but our social fabric as well. The era
of shortsighted corporate autocracy is gradually coming to an end. If our
country, our planet has to survive, it cannot be otherwise.
12. Strategies to incorporate Dharma in companies
• Choose your vocation wisely. Follow your swadharma, your
inherent nature. Choose a field of activity that fires your passion and is
compatible with your nature. You will achieve a higher degree of
recognition and success than you would in some other field. And the
best part is that you will get paid for something you love doing!
• The mind-not matter-matters. Ideas make the world go round.
Realizing this truth, even a hardware and appliances giant like Sony is
gearing up to diversify into service-related fields. It was not the steam
engine that changed the world, but the idea that steam could be used
to power the engine. Practical ideas power change.
• Foster team spirit. Control the Ego. The ego has a tendency to
place one apart from the rest of the world. It encourages a self-
centered, egotistical attitude that is detrimental to the common good.
Such a person feels: quot;Only I can do a good job.quot; Life is a game where
teamwork counts. Learn to delegate work. You are not the sole cog in
the wheel. Nor are you indispensable. The graveyards are full of people
who thought they were indispensable.
• Praise counts. When somebody does a good job, say so. Learn to be
stingy in your criticism, generous in praise. However, the praise must
be well deserved and genuine. As Dada J.P. Vaswani said, sex and
money are not the most important things in a person's life. Praise and
recognition are. Human beings thrive on these and redouble their
efforts.
• Take responsibility. Success has many mothers, failure none. If
things go wrong, stand by your team. Do not duck responsibility or
apportion blame. Take the blow squarely on your chin. Your staff and
peers will respect you for it. And back you to the hilt in future.
• Share the credit. When the cash counter starts jingling, remember
the role of every single player. Don't exult, 'I did it!' Say, 'We did it!' Be
humble in success and you will sow the seeds of repeated success.
• Remember—your team is human. Do not expect every employee
to consistently keep up with the scorching pace that you set. We all
have different levels of tolerance. Genghis Khan once sacked his most
accomplished general. When queried about this strange act, the Mongol
chieftain's answer was enlightening. He was the best, the great Khan
admitted. While on the march, he was oblivious to thirst, hunger or
13. A good leader must have a firm and fair style. quot;He or she must
follow sresta dharma (best practices) and samathva
(equitability).quot;
It is a must for any corporate to attach importance to customer values,
shareholder values, employee values, societal values and leadership
values, he emphasised. Good corporate governance is the one that
focuses on customer satisfaction. The company must give value for
money to its customers. This ensures a good, mutually beneficial
relationship between the company and its customers.
Insisting that companies should focus on enhancing shareholder wealth,
Dr Athreya said there must be an equitable, not necessarily equal,
distribution of wealth among CEOs, employees and shareholders.
quot;Sustained returns to shareholders and transparency in business
dealings are also equally important,quot; he said.
Today, any management faces many pressing problems to survive and
grow in a competitive world. Even in this environment, corporates must
be whole-heartedly committed to human resource development and
corporate social responsibility.
14. BUDDHA – DHARMA
Buddha – Dharma does not have any bearing to god or any religion
whatsoever, it is in fact an interpretation of the Dharmic way of life
according to Gautam Buddha and other Buddhist scholars.
Here, Buddha – Dharma does not reflect the personalities of these
leaders rather it signifies the importance of the attitude of mind that
enables a practitioner of Dharma to re-harmonise his personal nature
with the principles of Dharma which will lead him/her towards the
undoing of all egoistical falsehood and ultimately make him achieve
‘Moksh’ or as we would say in English liberation.
Different traditions regard Dharma in a different light. While some
regard it as the ultimate and transcendent truth others who regard
Buddha as an enlightened soul see it as his teachings. Here, it is
important to note that no matter what your personal belief is the
bottom line remains that you should adhere to Dharmic principles and
try and lead a righteous life.
QUALITIES OF BUDDHA – DAHRMA
• Dharma is not a speculative philosophy it is the universal
law found through self – enlightenment.
It deals with moral principles, concentration, self – control, willingness
and wisdom to do the right thing.
• Dharma can be tested by practice alone.
15. You cannot expect to read up on teachings or listen to others
experiences and hope to experience it yourself. You have to make
a conscious effort to practice the Dharmic way of life to get
results.
• Dharma is able to bestow timeless and immediate results
here and now for which there is no need to wait until the
future or next existence.
Nobody says that you must be Dharmic and only after you reach a
certain level of enlightenment you will be at peace or that if you
are dharmic in this lifer you will reap results in the next. Dharma
like everything else related to spirituality is a state of mind and
comes from within. If you chose to lead a good life the results will
be immediate. There is no ‘conditions apply’ factor present here.
• Dharma welcomes all human beings to put it to the test.
There is no discrimination here. All human beings can strive to
lead a dharmic way of life no matter what walk of life they come
from and reap the results of their efforts.
• Dharma is worthy to be followed as a part of ones life.
Trying to be dharmic is not a short-term practice. To truly lead a
well-balanced and fruitful life we must make dharma a part of
ones life.
It is said that by knowing these attributes, practitioners of dharma will
attain inner peace and happiness. Each person here is individually
responsible for himself to put these principles into practice.
16. Here, these leaders who have interpreted Dharma are compared to
doctors whereas the Dharma is compared to medicine. However skillful
a doctor is results will be apparent only if the patient makes efforts to
administer the medicine himself.
In conclusion, we can say that Buddha – Dharma is used to refer to the
teachings of Buddha, not in the context of the words of one man but as
a reflection of a natural law that was re-discovered by this man and
shred with the world. So a person who lives their life with an
understanding of natural law, is a dharmic or righteous person.
17. How the concept of dharma is useful to practicing
managers
The most central and core concept of Hindu philosophy is known as
Dharma. There is no accurate translation of the word into English but
we may have a glimpse of its vast scope by translating Dharma as right
action, right conduct, virtue, moral law etc. Every form of life, every
group of people has its Dharma, which is the law of its being. Dharma or
virtue is conformity with the truth of things; adharma or vice is
opposition to it.
Dharma is a strategy not a religious thought or superstition. Corporate
image depends upon the dharmic management followed. Dharmic
management becomes a practice in the entire organization right from
CEO to Class-IV employees. Dharma helps managers from becoming
Hippocrates. Managers and management becomes more transparent.
There may be short term losses or loss of profit but in long run firm will
be profitable. Indian Examples: Narayana Murthy, Aziz Premji, TATA’s.
Dharma helps managers to enjoy his work to attain any useful purposequot;,
quot;belief in the conservation of moral valuesquot;, quot; a mode of life or a code of
conduct which regulate a manager's work and activities as a member of
company and as an society to bring about his gradual development and
enable him to reach what was deemed to be the goal of human
existencequot;.
scheme or code of laws which bind together managers in the bonds of
mutual rights and duties, of causes-and-consequences of actions arising
out of their temperamental characters, in relation to each other and
company as well as society etc.
In the insolvable problem when a manager faces-
na dharmasaukshmyat subhage vivektutm shaknomi te prasnam imam
yatthaavat;
quot;I am unable to answer your question because Dharma is subtlequot;
A manager is able to define the boundaries of Dharma through
interactions, discussions, reading of scriptures, the great epics, legends,
mythologies, history, drama and a wide variety of stories heard
throughout the formative years. These experiences help constitute
personal measures and yardsticks that an individual may use in making
decisions throughout the lifetime. In a sense this is the manager's
18. conscience and it is perhaps the only available light that guides his
actions. There are no other readily available manuals that can serve to
distinguish our actions.
In India it is important for us to profit by modern technical processes
and increase our production but in doing so we must not forget that the
essential objective to be aimed at is the quality of the managers and the
concept of dharma underlying it.
Managers practicing dharmic management will be able to develop
following characteristics-
• He who hates no creature, who is friendly and
compassionate to all, who is free from attachment and
egoism, balanced in pleasure and pain, and forgiving. Lord
Krishna enumerates the characteristic feature of a Man-of-
Perfection, and thereby prescribes the correct mode-of-conduct
and way of life for all seekers.
• He by whom the world is not agitated(affected), and who
cannot be agitated by the world, who is freed from joy, fear
and anxiety-
He by whom the world is not agitated- a Man-of-Perfection is
one who will not create any agitations in the world around
him.Who cannot be agitated by the world- not only does a Man-
of-perfection queiten the very world around him, into a dynamic
peace, but also the world, however chaotic, revolting cannot
create any agitations in him.He is completely freed from – all the
usual causes for inward agitation such as “joy, envy, fear and
anxiety”. A person ever peaceful with himself and the world, who
rules the circumstances and never yields to be victimized by
them, who has crossed over the usual weaknesses of the mortal
heart is dear to Lord Krishna.
• He who is free from wants, pure, alert, unconcerned,
untroubled, renouncing all
undertakings(commencements)-“free from
wants(Anapeksah)- An ordinary man discovers his peace and joy
only in the world of ordinary objects available around him. but
through practicing drama a manager can develop his inspiration,
equanimity within himself.“who is pure”(sucih)- dirt has no place
within or without a true and honest manager. It is well known that
the condition of a man’s table can give a great insight into the
mental nature, discipline and culture of that man. “Alert”
19. (Daksah) - enthusiasm is the key to success in any undertaking.
Managers should be intellectually vigorous. He should be ever on
his toes to take up the activity.” Unconcerned” (Udasinah) - this
means to economize our mental energies. Managers should realize
the importance of difficulties, wants, discomforts arisen in
completion of the project in order to have a positive way to deal
and solve these problems. “Untroubled” (free from trembling)- the
inward tremors are experienced only when any burning desire has
conquered completely. Managers should never allow their inner
person to enter into any such fears or agitations.“renouncing
every undertaking”- Manager should have a strong feeling that he
is beginning an activity for the purpose of achieving a definite goal
whereby he is fulfilling a specific desire or will thereby be gaining
a positive profit.
Managers should follow Hindu of dharma:
quot;O Indra, lead us on the path of Rta, on the right path over
all evils.quot;
This means the logical progression of an early course of things into an
all encompassing moral order, a path and way of righteousness, an all
encompassing harmony of the universe, in the Vedic of Rta.
Source:
Book-
• Ethics, Indian Ethos and Management – B.K.Nair
• Human Values – S.K.Chakraborthy
www.lifepositive.com/chinmayamission/gita
www.avsrinivas.com
A Few Salient Aspects For Managers In Management:
20. 1. Rights – Orientation Displacing Duty – Orientation: The
need of the hour, on a priority rating is of recognizing the
importance of ‘human duties’ than ‘human rights’. For example,
Only if the teacher does his ‘duty’, are the students’ rights
satisfied, or, Only if the boss does his duty of caring for the
subordinates, can their rights of participation and autonomy be
better taken care of. Indeed, if duty-oriented doesn’t predominate
our endeavors, ugly things will always continue to occur & come
to light. It has been observed that today more intellectuals from
premium Indian institutes migrate outside for the sake of
‘comfortable living’. Their inclination is less for the country and
their duty towards society. Such a change is replacing the
traditionally Indian concept of duty-orientation.
2. Exteriorized Orientation Displacing Interiorized
Orientation: We in India are missing an essential insight of our
inner-self. The eastern temperament is essentially introvert as
compared to the western, who are dominantly extrovert. Though
we show sincerity, goodwill, gratitude, love, but these shouldn’t
be restricted to only flow of words or gesture. We are missing the
realization of our self-sufficiency factor. We depend on others for
our internal satisfaction which is indeed a corruption/vulgarization
of the depth of inner feelings. This is what Viktor Frankl diagnoses
as the ‘gravest’ psychological problem called ‘existence vacuum’,
which alienates us from our inner essence.
3. The Secular Orientation Displacing the spiritual
Orientation: Unfortunately the meaning of both secularism and
spirituality is not clear in our minds today. Maurice Wilkins, a
Nobel laureate regrettably says that today world is increasingly
focusing on the material aspects of life and on technical solutions
to human problems. Further it is observed that how western
youths come to India today to revive the sense of inner meaning
of life, now lost to the West, and laments that due to the current
wave of modernization, India also is in danger of losing this sense
of the sacred the holy, the spiritual in everything.
4. Skills Orientation Displaying Values Orientation: It is not
difficult today to visualize that the mistaken priority of ‘learning to
do’, i.e. skills, is now acknowledged as such, and rectified by
admitting the priority of ‘learning to be’, i.e. values. The chief
hurdles working against excellence on the human side of Indian
organizations don’t seem to be centered around paucity of any
skills. They are primarily centered in values. Quality of products &
21. services is dependent not so much on the quality circles but on
the quality of the minds of the member of the circle.
5. Quality of Domestic Life Messing up Quality of Work – life:
The Quality of domestic life transmits its inevitable impact to the
quality of work-life. The quality of domestic life lies in a deep and
serene home atmosphere, which should douse the scorching
flames of stress stroked by work – life. Today in Indian scenario,
where both husband and wife work for more than 8 hours, they
hardly get time for each other and their family or their children
who need them the most. This imbalance between the work-life
and domestic-life definitely affects ones inclination towards its
work.
6. The New breed Displacing the Old breed:
Today, there is a clear distinction made in the minds of the two
generations of people in Organizations. Senior professionals see
lack of commitments and values towards a company, in the new
generation of professionals, because these people change jobs
very frequently. Such a thinking is based on no knowledge or
depth of the matter. Hence there needs to be bridging between
the thoughts of the two breeds of people to inculcate co-
ordination and co-operation in organization.
7. Self Actualization Orientation Displacing Self Transcending
Orientation:
Many writings on motivational psychology have drawn our
attention towards knowing Self Actualization. Some writers have
pointed out that self actualization in practice actually coverts most
interpersonal relationships into instrumental transactions for self-
advancement. In Indian scenario, right from a senior professional
to a clerk, the spirit of grievances is identical. They crave for
satisfying their lower-end needs. While there are some people
who are contrary to this. In large, people have an inclination
towards fulfilling their lower-end needs which is called Self
transcendence which will in result into Self Actualization.
8. Uniform Culture ensures co-ordination between
departments:
People in an organization, as employees, work for the ultimate
organizational goal. His constant endeavor should be inclined
22. towards serving the organization first and then personal
objectives. If every employee thinks this way, it would bring
cohesiveness in the different parts of the organization thus
ensuring coordinated effort among all the departments to fulfill
organizational goal.
9. Culture avoids conflicts:
We, Indians have the ancient culture of family ties and bonding
among the people. We value relationship forming thus giving
importance to the other person as well. This builds loyalty in the
minds of the other people towards ones relationship, which in turn
reduces conflicts and misunderstandings to a large extent. On the
contrary, the foreign culture believes in ‘hire-fire’ policy, which
doesn’t support the idea of relationships hence work culture
conflicts are seen to a great extent in such case. Thus a healthy
culture avoids conflicts.
10.Importance of Honesty of the CEO:
An organization is largely a reflection of the character and vision
of the leader. His every action is reflected in the results of his
followers. If the leader is honest, actions will taken in the overall
interest of the company and its employees and if not, then wrong/
unethical decisions will percolate down the system thus mainly
affecting the overall goodwill of the company and its workers.
Since a leader is the main representative of the organization, his
honesty is of prime importance.
ACTS OF GOD AND MEN
23. Mr. Manik an employee of G-four India, exports garments to South
Asian buyers. Among the many third parties the company work with,
there is one named Skanda Garments (SG) in the south. A small
factory, which employs some 80 people. Its owner, Selvan, was
tragically washed away in the tsunami when he had gone to
Nagapattinam to deliver a consignment with three other senior
managers.
When the company heard of this, like any company devoted to cost and
benefit, strategy and time planning, it shifted their orders to other
stitchers.
Last month, one of their employees, Lingam, called mr. manik to ask if
G-Four India, would help them. Being a small businessman, Selvan’s
papers were not in order; loans he had taken and those he hadn’t taken
were being attributed to him. His family was in a state of despair. His
father, Arumugam, has to now settle his son’s family, which includes a
daughter, Lata. He decided that the best thing to do was to sell off
Selvan’s business and pay off the bank. Also Lata being a young girl,
who was dark, was taken as a liability and the family was merely using
her to come out of financial crisis by making her get married to her
maternal uncle, Sethu, who was 30 years old and also claimed that his
father owed him some money which he would write off if Lata marries
him and the business operations are given to him.
But there was chaos unfolding at the factor too. Four months after the
tsunami, there was hope that somebody would take up the plant and
run it, bringing back some stability into the workers’ lives. There were
few orders they had begun work on, seeking more time for fulfilment.
But they needed money for raw material, and the clients were unwilling
to help as they claimed that 50 per cent advance had been paid to
Selvan.
During the one year that the whole thing dragged on, the Skanda
Garments factory absolutely deteriorated. The floods that followed the
tsunami did the rest playing havoc on the plant and inventory.
Meanwhile, Sethu began to informally ask the workers to start accepting
pay cuts as he had found girls who were willing to work for less money.
This would result in 40 men losing their job and also women were
exploited in an unethical manner.
Realising the entire scenario which had an impact on several lives, Mr.
Manik decided to approach Mr.Jatin Dayal to provide them with 25 lakh
24. loan as a part of social responsibility towards suppliers and more
importantly for humanity. A meeting was called for this purpose where
initially only Mr. Manik was fighting against the inhuman approach of
the company towards its suppliers. However, later he was backed by
other employees too.
On the other hand Mr. Jatin here is an adamant person and is purely
business minded. He takes this entire issue as a mere social issue and
he considered it charity and not responsibility to look into the social
problems of his suppliers. He is simply profit oriented and treats
business different from human life. However, at the end of the meeting
Mr. Jatin had no other choice but to agree. However during the meeting
the following issues were discussed which led to a favourable outcome.
1. The issue is not only concerned with Selvan’s daughter and his
deteriorating business operations but it is concerned with his 75
colleagues at Skanda Garments? What happens to the smaller
businesses who supply to SG and their families? What happens to
overall growth?
2. It was only when Lingam informed Mr. Manik about the daughter
that he came to know that there are hundreds of such young girls
out there who are being sold and transacted to repay all kinds of
obligations. Is developing that community not part of their life,
especially since the company has been dealing with that
community? That Rs 25 lakh which it hesitates to spend will mean
that the children of those workers will not go back to school;
hopes that were there will get destroyed; lives which were taking
off will not. But if they can have this money, the process of
education, which was interrupted, will continue.
3. Children have been orphaned, homes have been destroyed, and
infrastructure has been washed away. There is gender
discrimination, gender exploitation, child abuse. So, it is the
corporates who can influence social thinking by helping in areas
that influence business growth and development. For, it is poor
social conditions that are at the heart of low growth, which goes
beyond food, shelter and clothing to respect for life.
4. A business is not only about creating wealth, but also sustaining
the means to do so. A shareholder’s claim to corporate
wealth can be tenable only after the fulfilment of corporate
social duties, not without it. Corporates exist in society; so, at
the heart of any right to lay claim to it lies your corporate
citizenship in a society. Such right to corporate citizenship begs
fulfilment of corporate social duties.
25. 5. As a business justification, it is vendor development; where they
develop vendors and business gets substantive roots. This is not
CSR but good business. The company is furthering strife in the
community which in 5-10 years will affect productivity though the
Companies Act does not permit to a loan. So, call this micro
credit. From a social viewpoint, when we do not help, the
community suffers and when the community suffers, the business
suffers in the long run.
6. We need to see our vendor as our customer and not our supplier.
He is a customer of the relationship we have transacted with him.
This is not about welfare. It’s a case of rights. Suppliers have
rights on the company. Even if rights are infringed, they remain
rights.
And thus with the help of the following points it was decided that
Skanda garments would be given 60-75 lakh of loan. The point here is
that it was the understanding and application of dharmic management
that provoked Mr. Manik to approach the issue to the authority. It was
Mr.Manik who knew that the management was completely wrong here
and it was very important to explain them the truth since it had an
impact on the entire community of their suppliers. He did not vision his
business as mere profit oriented but at the same time understood his
social responsibility towards the society and thus took step in favour of
truth against management’s unsympathetic approach.
However, there were many employees who knew that the management
was being insensitive but could not do anything about it. At the end of
the meeting two employees conclude the entire issue saying “Why
don’t these things occur to us naturally? Why do we go through
week-long debates to arrive at a decision that we already know
in our hearts? Is it because corporates are surrounded by rules
and rights and wrongs, dos and don’ts? Or is it simply that we in
our minds separate business from life? We do not think of it as a
part of life… and that’s because our education also separates
work from life.”
However, reading this surely forces us to ponder our attitude too.
Source: business world, case studies Feb. 2006