Developmental Anomalies of Skull and Spine
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This document discusses the embryology and development of the skull and spine, as well as common developmental anomalies that can occur. It begins with an overview of skull development, including the neurocranium and viscerocranium. It then discusses spine development and neurulation. Common skull anomalies discussed include anencephaly, craniosynostosis, and encephalocele. For the spine, anomalies discussed are spina bifida cystica, meningocele, myelomeningocele, and spina bifida occulta. The document emphasizes that early diagnosis and management of these anomalies is important for better prognosis, and that folic acid supplementation can help in prevention.
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ITS HAVE CRANIAL GROWTH ANOMALIES AND ITS SURGICAL MANAGEMENT. IT IS BASED ON INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE.
Face 2
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Development of face
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cranium of the skull copy
The skull is composed of multiple bones that form the neurocranium and viscerocranium. The neurocranium includes the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid and temporal bones. The viscerocranium includes the zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha and mandible bones. Foramina in the skull allow for the transmission of blood vessels and cranial nerves. Common fractures include those of the nasal bones, basilar skull, maxillofacial bones and orbit.
Development of Face.pptx
The external human face develops between the 4th and 6th week of embryonic development. The development of the face is completed by the 6th week.
Between the 6th and 8th week, the palate begins to develop. Consequently, this causes a distinction between the nasal and oral cavities. This development is completed by the 12th week.
Neural Tube Defects
This document discusses neural tube defects (NTDs), which are congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord caused by improper closure of the neural tube early in embryonic development, usually due to folic acid deficiency. It defines various types of NTDs including spina bifida, encephalocele, myelomeningocele, anencephaly, and tethered cord syndrome. For each type, it describes the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management approaches including surgery, bracing, physical therapy, and shunting procedures. Genetic and environmental risk factors are also discussed. The document provides a detailed overview of NTDs for medical professionals.
Develpoment of face and tongue
The document discusses prenatal development of the face and palate from the 3rd to 12th week of gestation. It describes how the facial prominences merge to form structures like the nose, lips, and cheeks. It also explains palate formation, including the development of the primary and secondary palate, elevation of the palatal shelves, and their fusion to complete the separation of the oral and nasal cavities.
growth and development of mandible
This document provides an overview of mandibular growth and development from prenatal to postnatal periods. It discusses the anatomy of the mandible and theories around its evolution. The prenatal growth section describes the key stages from fertilization to embryo and fetal development. Mandibular growth mechanisms are explored through a brief history of theories proposed by researchers from the 18th century onwards. Growth progression, sites, and age-related changes in the mandible are examined.
Anterior cranial-fossa
The anterior cranial fossa is the highest and most anterior of the three fossae of the internal skull. It is bounded by the frontal bone anteriorly and laterally, the sphenoid bone posteriorly and medially, and the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone posteriorly and laterally. It contains the inferior and anterior parts of the frontal lobes and important structures like the cribriform plate and crista galli. Injuries and tumors in this region can impact smell, vision, eye movement and cause CSF leaks. Both endoscopic and open craniotomy surgical approaches are used to access the anterior cranial fossa.
spina bifida-@medicosguide.youtube.pptx
All about Spina Bifida:
Definition
7 Types
Causes
Health Status
Incidence and epidemiology
Prevention
Social impact
Management
Detection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Antibiotics
Careful observation
Physical therapy
Birth injuries
This document discusses various types of birth injuries in infants including injuries to the head, spine, shoulders, nerves and internal organs. It provides information on the causes, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods and treatment approaches for different birth injuries such as subgaleal hematoma, clavicle fractures, brachial plexus injuries, spinal cord injuries and liver lacerations. Risk factors for birth injuries including prolonged labor, large infant size and instrument-assisted delivery are also mentioned.
Cranial vault
The document discusses prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the skull. It notes that at birth, the skull consists of 45 bony elements that fuse into 22 bones in adults. Prenatal growth involves intramembranous bone formation in the cranial vault from mesenchymal cells. At birth, the cranial bones are separated by fontanelles and sutures that gradually close during postnatal growth and development as the brain and skull expand.
Cranoficial anomalies and craniosynostosis
this is the seminar on craniofacial anomalies and Cranisynostosis
Included details about lefort III distraction osteogenesis and cranioplasty.
Growth & development of cranial base & vault cranial
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Anatomy of ear
This document provides an overview of ear anatomy, including:
1. The external ear is divided into 3 parts - the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. The pinna develops from thickenings in the 1st and 2nd branchial arches.
2. The external auditory canal has both bony and cartilaginous portions. The cartilaginous portion is outer 1/3 and contains ceruminous glands. The bony portion does not contain glands.
3. Developmental anomalies of the ear include preauricular sinus, microtia, anotia, Darwin's tubercle, and callaural fistula (ab
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This document discusses psychological trauma in children undergoing surgery. It notes that children experience anxiety from factors like separation from parents, loss of control, and fear of the unknown. Younger children may not understand why they need surgery. Sources of stress for children include physical harm, separation, fear, uncertainty, and parental anxiety. Preoperative anxiety can prolong anesthesia induction and cause maladaptive behaviors, slower recovery, and greater postoperative pain. Stress can also delay wound healing. While most children show negative behavioral responses after surgery, anxiety is highest in the preoperative period and is associated with separation to the operating room. The document recommends providing information, building good relationships with children, and ensuring a well-setup hospital to help reduce psychological trauma.
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This document discusses laparoscopy in children. It begins with a brief history of laparoscopy from the 5th century BC to modern developments. The basic principles of laparoscopy are then explained, including how instruments are inserted and the use of carbon dioxide gas. Common laparoscopic instruments and techniques for pediatric surgery are outlined. Applications in pediatric urology and recent modernizations like single-incision laparoscopy and robotic surgery are also summarized. The conclusion emphasizes that laparoscopy is becoming increasingly popular due to patient benefits but requires experienced surgeons, and residents should learn its basic principles.
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Developmental Anomalies of Skull and Spine
- 1. WELCOME
- 2. Developmental Anomalies of Skull and Spine Dr Shirish Silwal Phase B year 2 Paediatric Surgery BSMMU
- 3. Embryology 1. Development of Skull 2. Development of Spine Developmental Anomalies 1. Skull 2. Spine Contents
- 4. Development of Skull Neurocranium- Protective case around the Brian Viscerocranium- Skeletal of Face Embryology
- 5. Neurocranium The Membranous Part- Flat bone around the skull The Cartilaginous Part- Bones of the base of the skull
- 8. Anterior Frontanalle – 18mnth Posterior Frontanalle – 1-2 month Metopic suture – around 1 year of life Sutures Of The Skull
- 9. Neurulation The process whereby the neural plate forms the neural tube. Starts At third week of gestation. Development of Spine
- 15. There is absence of cranial vault with cerebral hemispheres completely absent or greatly reduced in size. Anencephaly
- 16. Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures and encompasses a wide range of anatomic derangement. Craniosynostosis
- 17. Scaphocephaly
- 19. Brachycephaly
- 20. Plagiocephaly
- 23. Encephalocele
- 25. DAYS OF GESTATION EVENT RESULTANT MALFORMATION 18 + Formation of neural plate and groove Anterior midline defect 20 –23 Appearance of optic vessels Hydrocephalus 24-26 Closure anterior neuropore Anencephally 26 –28 Closure posterior neuropore Cranium bifidum Spina bifida cystica Spina bifida occulta Developmental Anomalies
- 29. Spina Bifida
- 34. Family with this abnormal baby is disaster for the family thus we should focus on its prevention. Folic acid supplementation plays a vital role for its prevention. Early diagnosis and management for better prognosis. Take home Message
- 35. Emily Fetal surgery for spina bifida
- 42. THANK YOU