The Development of Mughal Architecture under different rulers of - Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb with some case examples each about the buildings built by the respective rulers.

1. Development of the Mughal architecture under the different rulers
- Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb
Family Tree

2. Jahangir (1605-1627)
 Jahangir was born on 30 Aug, 1569
and died in1627
 He was the 4th Mughal Emperor who
ruled from 1605.
 He was the eldest son of Akbar and
was declared successor to his father
from an early age.
 Jahangir had fine artistic sense but he
was more fond of painting than
architecture. Jahangir Tomb Shahdara, Lahore.

3. Jahangir Tomb
 The Tomb of Jahangir is a mausoleum built
for Jahangir, who ruled the Mughal Empire from 1605
to 1627. The mausoleum is located in Shahdara
Bagh in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
 Though contemporary historians called his son Shah
Jahan the builder of this tomb, it is "more likely to
have been the result of Nur Jahan's vision".
 Nur Jahan designed the mausoleum in 1627. It took
ten years to build the tomb (1627-1637) and costed
Rs10 lakh.
 The entrance to the mausoleum is through two
massive gateways (to the north and south) of stone
and masonry opposite each other and on the Western
side it gives the full view of the garden.
 The exterior of the mausoleum, is clad with red
sandstone facing with rich panel decoration inlaid
with marble decorative motifs and the interior is an
elevated white marble, flowers of mosaic in the same
elegant style as the tombs of Taj Mahal.

4. Shah Jahan (1627-1658)
 Shah Jahan was the 5th Mughal emperor, born on 5th
January 1592, and died on 22nd January 1666 at the age
of 74.
 Shah Jahan’s period is usually called the ‘Golden Age of
Mughal Architecture’ and he is given the titles of ‘Prince
among the Builders’
 His most important and impressive buildings are the Taj
Mahal at Agra, Red Fort and Jama Masjid at Delhi.
 He also built the tomb of his wife Mumtaz Mahal,
The Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) in the Lahore Fort and
built the sections of Sheesh Mahal, and Naulakha
pavilion, which are all enclosed in the fort.
 Shah Jahan mostly made use of marble in place of red
stone. With a view to enhance the beauty and effect of
the ceilings. He made full use of gold, silver, precious and
coloured stones. At several places, the pictures of trees,
animal scenes and other flora and fauna have been
depicted.

5. Jama Masjid, Delhi
 Built between 1644 and 1656. The mosque has three
great gates, (Southern gate, Northern gate and eastern
gate or Royal gate). Four towers and two 40 m
high minarets constructed of strips of red
sandstone and white marble.
 Southern gate has 33 steps meant for general public,
Northern gate has 39 steps meant for the nobles.
Eastern gate has 35 steps which was formally reserved
for the use of Mughal emperors and even during the
British period it was opened only for the royal visitors.
 In the Center there is an Ablution tank made up of
marble , measures 30.71x10.96m which serves for the
purpose for rituals which should be done before
namaz.
 Jama Masjid is built in Stone masonry and the cladding
is being done mostly by red sand stone. It is covered
with white and black ornamented marble to look like
a Muslim prayer mat. Beside it, a thin black border
measuring 3 feet (0.91 m) long and 1.5 feet (0.46 m)
wide is marked for the worshippers.
 Lotus flower is a prime source of aspiration.

6. Red Fort, Delhi
 Located in the Centre of Delhi and houses a number of
museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors
and their households, it was the ceremonial and political
Centre of Mughal government and the setting for events.
 Constructed in 1648 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah
Jahan. The Red Fort’s innovative architectural style,
including its garden design, influenced later buildings and
gardens in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir and else
where.
 The Red Fort has an area of 254.67 acres (103.06 ha)
enclosed by 2.41 kilometres (1.50 mi) of defensive walls.
The marble, floral decorations and double domes in the
fort's buildings exemplify later Mughal architecture.
 It showcases a high level of ornamentation, and
the Kohinoor diamond was part of the furnishings.
 The fort's artwork synthesises Persian, European and
Indian art, resulting in a unique Shahjahani style rich in
form, expression and colour.

7. Taj Mahal, Agra

9. Concept: Taj Mahal means: "crown of palaces”. It was
built by Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz
Mahal. (symmetrical white marble tomb)
The tomb is the central focus of the entire complex of
the Taj Mahal. Its 73 meters high.
Material: While earlier Mughal buildings were primarily
constructed of red sandstone, Shah Jahan promoted the
use of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones.

10. AURANGZEB
 Aurangzeb was born on 3 November 1618, in Dahod, Gujarat His reign lasted for 49 years from 1658
until his death in 1707.
 On 26 February 1628, Shah Jahan was officially declared the Mughal Emperor, and Aurangzeb
returned to live with his parents at Agra Fort, where Aurangzeb received his formal education
in Arabic and Persian.
Bi-bi ka Makbara

11. Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque), Agra Fort
 It was built as a place of worship for the royal members
of the court.
 The mosque was built between 1648 and 1654. The
architectural features of the Mosque bear remarkable
resemblance to that of the St. Basils Cathedral in
Moscow.
 There are three gates to the mosque, the main and
largest entrance in the eastern side. The other two
subsidiary gates are on the northern and southern
sides.
 In the center of the court of the mosque, a marble
tank is situated. The prayer chamber is placed on the
western side.
Entrance Courtyard
Submitted by: Namgay Wangmo