Development of quail embryo

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The document outlines the embryonic development of quails over a 16 day period from fertilization to hatching. Each day is titled with the name of the farm, Al Bustan Farms U.A.E., and documents the changes that occur during incubation under the supervision of Dr. Rauf Elahi at Al Bustan Farms in the United Arab Emirates.

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AL-BUSTAN FARMS EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF QUAILS Dr. RAUF ELAHI BY

Plant viruses have always been a challenge to plant growth and crop production in several parts of the world. Virus can be transmitted by vegetative propagation, fungi, nematodes, aphids, leaf hoppers, plant hoppers, beetles, white flies, and so forth. Viruses symptoms vary with the infecting virus and the infected part which includes leaf spots, leaf blights, root rots, fruit rots, fruit spots, wilt, dieback and decline. It is causing economic losses by reducing crop quality, quantity and nutritional value. Thus, their reliable detection is of a crucial importance for plant protection. While the adoption of molecular techniques such as RT-PCR has increased the speed and accuracy of virus diagnostics, such techniques only allow the detection of known viruses, i.e., each test is specific to one or a small number of related viruses. Therefore, unknown virus can be missed and testing can be slow and expensive if molecular tests are unavailable. NGS technology is one of the most popular tools for virus diagnostics. It is highly efficient, rapid diagnostics tools, and low-cost high-throughput and deep RNA sequencing. Due to the capacity to target multiple unique signature loci of virus in an infected plant metagenome and also useful for discovery of new virus and new hosts. It is including virus genome sequencing, discovery and detection, ecology and epidemiology, replication and transcription. By using deep RNA-seq requires fast and robust bioinformatics methods to enable host sequence removal and virus classification. Future developments in this area, including the use of bioinformatics tools for identification and characterization of multiple plant virus and analysis of diversity of plant viruses.

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