This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the lungs and pleura. It details the structures of the lungs including the lobes and surfaces. It describes the pleura including its parts and recesses. It discusses applied topics like pneumothorax and proper sites for kidney operations. It also covers the movements of respiration and types that occur at different stages of life.

1. THE LUNGS
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6. Apex of the Lung
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8. Base of the Lung
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12. Base
Apex
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14. Surfaces of the Lung
1- Costal surface
2- Medial surface
A- Vertebral part.
B- Mediastinal part.
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15. Transverse section of thorax
Heart
Right
lung Left
lung
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17. Borders of the Lung
1- Anterior border
2- Posterior border
3- Inferior border
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18. Anterior & Posterior
Borders
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22. Mediastinal
Relations
(Page 55)
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24. Hilum of Right lung
Main
bronchus
Upper pulmonary
vein
Lower
pulmonary
vein
Pulmonary
artery
Eparterial
bronchus
Brocho-
pulmonary
l.n.
Pulmonary
ligamentDr.Sherif Fahmy

25. Mediastinal relations
of Right lung
Cardiac
impression
Rt. Bracheo-
cephalic vein
S.V.C
Trachea with rt.
vagus
Esophagus
Esophagus
I.V.C.
Azygos
vein
Thymus &
ascending aorta
Arch of
azygos vein
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27. Hilum of left lung
Main bronchus
Upper
pulmonary
vein
Lower
pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Brocho-
pulmonary l.n.
Pulmonary
ligament
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28. Mediastinal relations
of left lung
Cardiac
impression
Aortic arch
Left common
carotid art.
Left subclavian
art.
Esophagus &
thoarcic duct
Descending
thoracic
aorta
Esophagus
Thymus
gland &
pulmonary
art.
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29. Hilum & Root
of the Lung
(Page 57)
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32. Lobes & Fissures
of Lungs
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34. Broncho-pulmonary
Segments
(Page 61)
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41. Lymph drainage of lungs
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43. PLEURA
(page 47)
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45. Formation of Pleura
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48. Parts of Pleura
• A- Visceral Pleura: That covers the lungs.
• B- Parietal Pleura: That lines the
surroundings. It is divided into:
1- Cervical.
2- Costal.
3- Mediastinal.
4- Diaphragmatic.
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51. Recesses of Pleural Sac
• 1- Costo-mediastinal Recess.
• 2- Costo-diaphragmatic Recess.
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56. Surface Anatomy
of
Lung & Pleura
(Page 59)
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59. Applied Anatomy
• 1- Pneumothorax: Air in pleural sac
(accidental or induced).
• 2- Haemothorax: blood in pleural
sac.
• 3- Empyema: pus in the pleural sac.
• 4- In kidney operations avoid injury
of pleura.Dr.Sherif Fahmy

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63. Proper site of kidney
operation to avoid
injury of pleura
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65. Movements of
Respiration
(Page 65)
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69. Types of Respiration
• 1- Abdominal: first 2 years.
• 2- Thoracic: 2nd
– 7th
year.
• 3- Abdominal & thoracic :
After the 7th
year.
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