The document discusses research on the development of cube texture during warm rolling of low-carbon steel. It describes experiments where a low-carbon steel bar was soaked at 823K for 1 hour then subjected to 24 passes of bi-axial warm rolling at 823K to a thickness of 13mm, resulting in an 88% reduction in area. Cube texture was observed in the center to quarter areas of the rolled bar but disappeared near the surface. Microstructural evolution and strain distribution during multi-pass warm caliber rolling are also investigated, as well as the effects of warm rolling on microstructure, texture, and properties of low-carbon and low-alloy steels.

1. DEVELOPMENT OF CUBE
TEXTURE DURING WARM
ROLLING
GERUGANTI SUDHAKAR,
PHD(MATERIAL ENGINEERING)
SUPERVISOR:
PROF J.P. GAUTAM,
SEST,UOH.

2. Effect of strain and deformation mode on cube texture
formation in warm bi-axial rolled low-carbon steel
Cube texture extensively influences the physical and
mechanical properties of materials, but the {100}<001>cube
texture scarcely occurs in body-centered cubic metals as
deformed state.
The refinement of crystal grains is an effective method for
developing toughness and strength in steels without the
addition of alloying ele-ments by controlling the
thermomechanical treatment. Since a largestrain is needed for
creating ultrafine-grained (UFG) structures, various severe
plastic deformation (SPD) processes such as high-pressure
torsion(HPT), equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP),
accumulative rollbonding (ARB), and warm caliber rolling
(WCR) have been proposed
Although strength and hardness are improved by refining the
crystal grain on the basis of the Hall–Petch relation, toughness
and functional properties are related to not only grain size but
also to grain shape and grain orientation

3. Experimental and numerical procedures
A low-carbon steel (0.15C-0.3Si-1.5Mn (mass%)) bar 40 mm
squarewith 13 mm curvature was considered to be the initial
workpiece. In experiments, the workpiece was soaked at a
warmtemperature of 823 K for 1 h and was then subjected to a
rolling simulatorwith a roll diameter of 300 mm. The workpiece
was rolled without anylubricant, rotated 90, and then rolled
from another plane. This process was repeated 24 times under
about 15% reductionper pass until the bar was 13 mm thick.
Note that the workpiece was heldfor 300 s in a furnace after
every two passes during rolling to maintain therolling
temperature of 823 K. The total reduction in area via multi-
passWBR was approximately 88% in 24 passes. Eventually, a 13
mm squarebar was created.
The cube texture formation in low carbon steel bars processed
via 24-pass warm bi-axial rolling (WBR) was confirmed. The
cube texture was observed in the area from the center to the
quarter in the 13 mm rolled square bar, and it disappeared
near thesurface

6. Strain distribution and microstructural evolution
in multi-pass warm caliber rolling
T. Inoue ∗, F. Yin, Y. Kimura

10. Microstructure of warm rolling and pearlitic transformation of
ultrafine-grained GCr15 steel
The chemical composition of the GCr15 steel is 0.98C–0.2Si–
0.34Mn–1.5Cr–0.01Mo–0.08 Ni–0.013P–0.003S (wt.%)

12. Impact of Warm Rolling Process Parameters on
Crystallographic Textures, Microstructure and
Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Boron-Bearing
Steels

15. S.NO. REFERENCE
PAPER
CARBON
PERCENTAGE
WARM
ROLLING
RANGE
SALIENT
FEATURE
ADOPTED
MICRO
STRUCT
URAL
OBSER
VATION
TEXTUR
E
EVALUA
TION
Microstructural and textural development in an extra low
carbon steel during warm rolling
1. completely recrystallized ferrite grains of almost
polygonal shape are obtained after rolling at the high
temperature of 800 °C.
2. At 700 °C the microstructure shows recrystallized
areas, pancake shaped grains and dark patches of
recrystallization
deformed and elongated ferrite grains with profusion of
deformation bands are obtained at lower rolling
temperatures (600 and 500 °C);

16. Effects of hot and warm rolling on microstructure, texture
and properties of low carbon steel
SIBM (strain induced boundary migration). The
mechanism involves the bulging or migration of part of a pre-
existing grain boundary to the interior of a more deformed
grain, leaving behind a region virtually free of dislocations

17. MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT DURING WARM
ROLLING OF AN IF STEEL
warm working in the temperature range 500~800°C. Mean flow
stress-strain curves calculated from load-time data of rolling
tests reasonably correspond to work hardening and dynamic
recovery behaviour.
Microbands in directions of + 35” with respect to the rolling
direction, independent of strain, temperature and initial grain
orientations are the most noticeable features in the
microstructural observations.

18. Research of Rolling Process with Warm for Cold Rolled Non-Oriented