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List of Boxes
INTRODUCTION
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Introduction
YOUTH :
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Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
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![10 11
“ We are going to need the imagina-
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Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
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1.2 WHICH ROLE FOR
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Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
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1.3 THE YOUTH FORUM )%%1+&4$#%(9' 7/64(#$4(' B#"' 4("' )�#0'
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Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
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We believe development is a F%/$*'=%&/6'%, '$*+'!/&%1+4(')%66/(#$#+0' #(' %$*+&' 3%($#(+($0T' C#(3+' GRRc9' F=5' *40' ]++('#(@%:@+"'#('$*+'!/&%1+4(')#@#:'C%3#+$>'
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Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
Part I - Youth : More than just development targets
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2.1 THE MILLENNIUM
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS ARE YOUTH
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
PART II J$'#0'3%(3+&(#(8'$*4$'>%/(8'1+%1:+'4&+'(%$'
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Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
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DEVELOPMENT POLICY
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6%&$4:#$>'4("',#8*$'+1#"+6#30Ta'W%&:"':+4"d Goal 1 : Eradicate extreme
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Goal 2 : Achieve Universal Goal 5 : Improve Maternal Goal 7 : Ensure 2010 MDG Summit 7
Primary Education Health Environmental Sustainability
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Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
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The European Students’ Forum
(AEGEE-Europe) 2.2 SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
POLICIES
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Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
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Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
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Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
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![28 29
Ecumenical Youth Council in Europe Swiss National Youth Council
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Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
Part II- (Youth) Development Policy
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PART III
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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3.2 EDUCATION
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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The International Falcon Movement
– Socialist Education International The Portuguese National Youth
(IFM-SEI) Council (CNJ)
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![40 41
World Organization of the Scout
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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The National Council of Swedish
Service Civil International (SCI)
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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![50 51
3.5 PEACE AND
3.6 ENVIRONMENT AND
CONFLICT PREVENTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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![52 53
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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![54 55
National Youth Council of Ireland
(NYCI)
3.7 MIGRATION l46]#4d'J&+:4("'!L3*4(8+
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Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
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4("'#(+M/4:#$>'#0'4('#61%&$4($'%(+'40'6%&+' +&0'#('"+@+:%1+"'3%/($&#+0'%@+&4::'&+64#(0' :#8*$' 0#6#:4&#$#+0' 4("' "#,,+&+(3+0' ]+$N++('
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' *$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#43+($&+^'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi
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' *$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#4^*"&qHIIRq!PqC/664&>T1", 'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/developmentneedsyouththirdedition-110610063028-phpapp02/75/Development-Needs-Youth-28-2048.jpg)
![56 57
F%/(8' 1+%1:+' 3%(0$#$/$+' 4' 3%(0#"+&4]:+' 0*%&$48+'%, '0k#::0'%('$*+'!/&%1+4('64&k+$T'
CONCLUSIONS :
0*4&+'%, '#($+&(4$#%(4:'6#8&4($0'f'>%/$*'/(d Y(' $*+' %$*+&' *4("9' $*+' >%/$*' 1+&01+3$#@+'
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$*+' 8:%]4:' 6#8&4($' ,:%N0T' J, ' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' 3#+0'0*%/:"']+'0$&+(8$*+(+"T 'K4&&#+&0'$%' H_
34(']+(+,#$',&%6'01+3#,#3'84#(0',&%6'6#8&4$d
#(89'$*+>'4:0%'+L1+&#+(3+'64(>'3*4::+(8+0T'
$*+' ,&++"%6' %, ' 6%@+6+($' %, ' >%/(8' 1+%d
1:+'0*%/:"']+'&+6%@+"'#('%&"+&'$%'1&%@#"+'
FROM WORDS
!"/34$#%(4:'84#(0'4&+'3:+4&:>'400%3#4$+"'$%'
>%/(8'6#8&4($0'6%@#(8',&%6'"+@+:%1#(8'$%'
$*+6'N#$*',/&$*+&'%11%&$/(#$#+0'#('$*+',#+:"'
%, '+"/34$#%('4("'+61:%>6+($T'H`
TO ACTION !
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8&4($0'#('!/&%1+'4&+'4$'$*+'046+'$#6+'6%&+' 8#(' 4("' &+3+#@#(8' 3%/($&#+0' #0' k+>' $%' +(d ;*#0'0*%&$']%%k:+$'4$$+61$0'$%']&#"8+'>%/$*' WW$ -(&./$ +,9$ ./*$ A(,A*).$ (G$ 9*:*;()4
:#k+:>'$%':+4@+'03*%%:'+4&:#+&'$*4('$*+#&'(4d 0/&+' $*4$' >%/$*' 6#8&4$#%(' "%+0' (%$' &+0/:$' 1%:#3>d64k#(8'N#$*'$*+'+L1+&#+(3+0'%, '6#:d 1*,.$5$ D+@+:%16+($' P++"0' F%/$*'[' ;*#0'
$#@+'1++&09'$%'1+&,%&6'N%&0+'4("'$%']+'"#0d #(' ]&4#(' "&4#(' #(' $*+' 3%/($&#+0' %, ' %#(T' :#%(0' %, ' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' 0+&@#(8' $*+#&' :%34:9' 0++60'43k(%N:+"8+"']>'6%0$'8%@+&(6+($'
3#(4$+"'484#(0$'%('$*+'8&%/("'%, '$*+#&' )*4((+:0' ,%&' &+8/:4&' 6#8&4$#%(' 0*%/:"' ]+' (4$#%(4:' 4("' 8:%]4:' 3%66/(#$#+0' $*&%/8*' 4("' #(0$#$/$#%(09' 4$' :+40$' #(' $*+#&' %,,#3#4:'
+$*(#3'%#('%&'&+:#8#%(T'J, '0%6+'3*4((+:0' 1&%@#"+"' #(' %&"+&' $%' $43k:+' #&&+8/:4&' 6#d $*+#&' 14&$#3#14$#%(' #(' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0T'
' "#03%/&0+9' ]/$' N*4$' k#("' %, ' "+@+:%16+($'
Part III- Youth (Development) Policy
Conclusions : From words to action !
,%&'+(0/&#(8'&+8/:4&'6#8&4$#%('%, '0$/"+($0' 8&4$#%(' 4("' $*+' +L1%0/&+' %, ' #&&+8/:4&' 6#d 7%N+@+&9'$*#0'#0'%(:>'4',#&0$'0$+1'$%'0$&+(8$*d "%+0'>%/$*'(++"'Z';*+'"+]4$+'#0'@+&>'%1+('
,&%6' $*#&"' 3%/($&#+0' $%' !/&%1+' +L#0$9' :%N' 8&4($0' $%' @#%:4$#%(' %, ' ,/("46+($4:' *$09' +(' $*+' &+,:+3$#%(' 4("' $*+' 43$#%(' 4&%/("' 4("' 3%($&%@+&0#4:' %(' $*4$' 1%#($T' C%6+' &+d
0k#::+"' >%/(8' 6#8&4($0' 4("' >%/$*' 6#8&4$d #(3:/"#(8',%&'#(0$4(3+'$*+'�k9'14&$#3/:4&:>' $*+' #00/+' %, ' >%/$*' 4("' 0/0$4#(4]:+' "+@+:d 0+4&3*+&0'1&%1%0+'$*4$'$*+'3/&&+($',40*#%('
#(8' ,%&' %$*+&' 1/&1%0+0' $*4(' +"/34$#%(' +Ld *#8*+&' ,%&' 6#(%&09' N%6+(' 4("' 8#&:0' $%' ]+' %16+($T' J(' 3%(3:/0#%(9' $*+&+' 4&+' 4$' :+40$' %, '$4&8+$#(8'>%/(8'1+%1:+'#('"+@+:%16+($'
1+&#+(3+'+L$&+6+:>'0+@+&+']4&&#+&0'$%'6%@+T' $&4,,#3k+"T' B8&++6+($0' ]+$N++(' &+3+#@#(8' $*&++' 3*4::+(8+0' N*#3*' 0*%/:"' ]+' $43k:+"' 1%:#3#+0' 3%/:"' ]+' A/0$' 4' @+*#3:+' ,%&' M/#+$d
3%/($&#+0'4("'3%/($&#+0'%, '%#('$%'3%/(d 4("' ,%&' N*#3*' "+3#0#%(d64k+&09' &+0+4&3*' #(8' #"+%:%8#34:' 3*4::+(8+0' 4("' ]/#:"#(8'
;*+' 1%0#$#@+' 401+3$0' :#(k+"' $%' 6#8&4$#%(' $+&43$' #&&+8/:4&' 6#8&4$#%(' 0*%/:"' (%$' ]+' 3%66/(#$>' 4("' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' +43*' 3%(0+(0/0' %@+&' 1%:#3#+0' N*#3*' 0++' >%/(8'
4:0%'*4@+'$%']+'43k(%N:+"8+"T'B0'&+0+4&3*' ]40+"'%('&+1&+00#%(']/$'&4$*+&']+'#(01#&+"' *4@+'"#,,+&+($'&%:+0'$%'1:4>'O 1+%1:+'40'1%:#3>d3%(0/6+&0'4("'(%$'1%:#3>d
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143$' ]%$*' %(' 3%/($&#+0' %, ' %#(' 4("' %(' B0'$*+'ePD2'0/88+0$0'#('#$0'B((/4:'X+1%&$' $*+' @4&#%/0' 43$%&0' #(@%:@+"'O' $*+' #(0$#$/d
&+3+#@#(8' 3%/($&#+0T' X+6#$$4(3+0' *4@+' ,%&' %('7/64('D+@+:%16+($'HIIR9'%@+&3%6#(8' $#%(09' $*+' &+0+4&3*' 3%66/(#$>' 4("' >%/$*'
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3%/($&#+0'%, '%#(THQ'#8&4$#%('*40'4:0%'4' +8>',%&'*%/0+*%:"0'4("',46#:#+0'0++k#(8'$%'
1%0#$#@+' #6143$' %(' $*+' "+6%8&41*#3' 3*4:d "#@+&0#,>'4("'#61&%@+'$*+#&':#@+:#*%%"0'nT'Ha
:+(8+0' ,43+"' ]>' !/&%1+' $%"4>' 4("' $%' $*+'
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' *$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#43+($&+^'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi
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' *$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#43+($&+^'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi'
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' NNNT>%/$*,%&/6T%&8^+(^0>0$+6^,#:+0^>,Aq1/]:#3^0$&4$+8#3q1&#%&#$#+0^+(^GIaRdIcq#8&4$#%(q=#(4:q1",T'hB33+00+"'c'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi
HaT'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'D+@+:%16+($'2&%8&466+9'HIIRT'7/64('D+@+:%16+($'X+1%&$'HIIR'h%(:#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$'
' *$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#4^*"&qHIIRq!PqC/664&>T1", 'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/developmentneedsyouththirdedition-110610063028-phpapp02/75/Development-Needs-Youth-29-2048.jpg)
![58 59
List of Acronyms
B)2'-'B,"(')4&#]]+4('4("'$*+'243#,#3
B!.!!'-'B00%3#4$#%('"+0'!$4$0'.x(x&4/L'"+0'!$/"#4($0'"+':g!/&%1+^
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)P5'-'2%&$/8/+0+'P4$#%(4:'F%/$*')%/(3#:
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DKFP'-'D%('K%03%'F%/$*'P+$N%&k
!F)!'-'!3/6+(#34:'F%/$*')%/(3#:'#('!/&%1+
WW$6(,@.('@,<$+,9$%:+;&+.@(,$5' WW$?*1(A'+.@A$2+'.@A@)+.@(,$@8$X*B$5$ =BY'-'=%%"'4("'B8/:$/&+'Y&84(#04$#%('%, '$*+'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0
;*+' @4:/+' %, ' $*+' 3%66#$6+($' %, ' >%/(8' 0#(3+'6%&+'$*4('*4:, '%, '$*+'N%&:"'1%1/:4d =J)B2'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:'=+"+&4$#%('%, ')4$*%:#3'24&%3*#4:'F%/$*'%@+6+($0
1+%1:+' #(@%:@+"' #(' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' #0' $#%('#0':+00'$*4('$*#&$>'>+4&0'%:"9'8:%]4:'4("' .)B2'-'.:%]4:')4::',%&'B3$#%('B84#(0$'2%@+&$>
*4&":>' 6+40/&4]:+' N#$*' ,43$0' 4("' ,#8/&+09' &+8#%(4:' #(0$#$/$#%(0' 0*%/:"' $4k+' $*#0' ,43$' .)))'-'.:%]4:')%%1+&4$#%(')%%&"#(4$#%(')%66#$$++
]+34/0+'#$'#0'(%$'6+&+:>']40+"'%('1&%A+3$' #($%' 3%(0#"+&4$#%(T' F%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' .D2'-'.&%00'D%6+0$#3'2&%"/3$'
Conclusions : From words to action !
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References
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Uploaded byY-PEER Hacioglu
Development Needs Youth!
This 3-sentence summary provides the high-level and essential information from the document: The document discusses the importance of youth development and outlines some of the key challenges facing young people internationally, such as poverty, unemployment, conflict, and climate change, which disproportionately affect hundreds of millions of young people around the world. It also highlights opportunities for youth organizations and the European Union to work together on policies and programs that promote sustainable development, environmental protection, education, employment, and peacebuilding.
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Development Needs Youth!
- 1. DEVELOPMENT NEEDSYOUTH ! 3rd 01 EDITION 2 0
- 2. 3 Editorial team Contents !"#$%&'#(')*#+, '-'.#/0+11+'2%&34&% !"#$%&0'-'546+0'7#88#(09'5/:#+';+(89'<4(#4'=&+#$40 J($&%"/3$#%( `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` QT`'2+43+'4("')%(,:#3$'2&+@+($#%( `I QTa'!(@#&%(6+($'b'):#64$+')*4(8+ `G QTc'#8&4$#%( `_ JCCP''O'HIQH-RRQS )%(3:/0#%(0'O'=&%6'W%&"0'$%'B3$#%('[ `c E#0$'%, 'B3&%(>60 `R X+,+&+(3+0 aI !"#"$%&'()*+,$-(&./$0('&1
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- 5. 8 9 $43k:#(8'1%@+&$>'4$'$*+']+8#((#(8'%, '4'1+&d ;*+'#00/+'%, '0/0$4#(4]#:#$>'6/0$'4:N4>0']+' 0%(g0':#,+'f'0/3*'$4&8+$+"'1%:#3#+0'3%($&#]/$+' 3%(0#"+&+"' N*+(' 4""&+00#(8' >%/$*T' Y,$+(' 1.1 STATE OF THE $%']&+4k'$*+'@#3#%/0'3>3:+'%, '1%@+&$>'&+1+4$d $*+'1%0#$#%(0'%, '>%/(8'1+%1:+'4&+'(%$'4"d +"',&%6'8+(+&4$#%('$%'8+(+&4$#%(T' +M/4$+:>'4""&+00+"'#('6+40/&+0'4("'1%:#d ' 3#+0' $&4"#$#%(4::>' 1/&0/+"9' ,%&' +L461:+' (YOUNG) WORLD What issues do youth face ? +3%(%6#3' 8&%N$*' :4&8+:>' "+1+("+($' /1%(' $*+'/(0/0$4#(4]:+'/0+'%, '4'3%/($&>g0'(4$/d &4:' &+0%/&3+0' #0' %,$+(' (%$' $*%/8*$' %, ' 40' 4' B33%&"#(8'$%'$*+'W%&:"'F%/$*'X+1%&$'HII`' >%/$*'#00/+T'J('0/3*'340+09',+N+&'&+0%/&3+0' m'F%/(8' 1+%1:+' $%"4>9' 4("' #(' HIG`'n9' HIR' 4&+':+,$',%&',/$/&+'8+(+&4$#%(0'4("'#("++"9' Why does youth matter ? ;*+' :43k' %, ' 8:%]4:' 3%(0+(0/0' %(' *%N' $%' 6#::#%('>%/(8'1+%1:+']+$N++('$*+'48+0'%, ' ,%&'$*+'>%/(8'N*+('$*+>'&+43*'4"/:$*%%"T' $43k:+' 3:#64$+' 3*4(8+' 4("' #($+&(4$#%(4:' G`' 4("' H_' U411&%L#64$+:>' GS' 1+&3+($' %, ' ;*+&+'4&+'4'(/6]+&'%, '&+40%(0'N*>'>%/(8' +3%(%6#3' #(0$4]#:#$>' 4&+' ,4&' ,&%6' ]+#(8' $*+' N%&:"g0' 1%1/:4$#%(V9' :#@+' %(' :+00' $*4(' E#k+N#0+9'#, '+3%(%6#3'1%:#3#+0'"+0#8(+"'$%' 1+%1:+' "+0+&@+' 01+3#4:' 3%(0#"+&4$#%(' N#$*' 6/$/4::>' +L3:/0#@+' #00/+0' ,%&' >%/(8' 1+%d eCoG' 4' "4>T' `G`' 6#::#%(' U4:6%0$' _`' 1+&' &+"/3+' 1%@+&$>' "%' (%$' $4&8+$' $*+' #(,%&64:' Part I - 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- 6. 10 11 “ We are going to need the imagina- tion and the creativity of even more such young heroes ” ?/6#'P4#"%%9'!L+3/$#@+'D#&+3$%&9'.&++(1+43+'J($+&(4$#%(4: J' N40' ,#,$++(' >+4&0' %:"' N*+(' J' ,#&0$' ]+84(' #('14&$#3/:4&9'>%/(8'1+%1:+T'J',#&0$'04N'$*#0' W+' 6/0$' 4::' N%&k' $%' +(0/&+' $*4$' $%"4>g0' X#8*$' 4$' $*#0' 6%6+($9' 6#::#%(0' %, ' >%/(8' ,#8*$#(8'#(A/0$#3+T'J$'N40'$*+'@#0#%('%, '+M/4:' #(' $*+' 4($#dB14&$*+#"' 0$&/88:+9' :4$+&' 40' 4(' >%/$*' "%' (%$' 0:#"+' #($%' $*+' 3>(#3#06' $*4$' @%:/($++&0'4&+'+(848+"'#('$*+'0$&/88:+',%&' +"/34$#%(' #(' 414&$*+#"' C%/$*' B,"' $*4$' 4($#d2%@+&$>'43$#@#0$'4("'$%"4>'40'$*+'*+4"' 1&+@+($0' 0%' 64(>' 4"/:$0' ,&%6' 01+4k#(8' 3:#64$+'A/0$#3+'4&%/("'$*+'N%&:"T'K/$'8#@+(' 64"+' 6+' 0$4("' /19' "+64("' A/0$#3+' 4("' %, ' .&++(1+43+T' D#004$#0,#+"' N#$*' $*+' N4>' %/$' 4("' 8+$$#(8' #(@%:@+"T' W+' 6/0$' "%' %/&' $*+'0$&/88:+0'N+',43+9'N+'4&+'8%#(8'$%'(++"' Part I - Youth : More than just development targets Part I - Youth : More than just development targets +M/4:#$>' 4("' 1/$' 6>' %N(' 3%6,%&$' %(' $*+' $*#(80'4&+'8%#(89'>%/(8'1+%1:+'4&%/("'$*+' ]+0$' $%' +(4]:+' $%"4>g0' >%/$*' 0%' $*4$' $*+>' $*+'#648#(4$#%('4("'$*+'3&+4$#@#$>'%, '+@+(' :#(+' UJ' N40' 0/]0+M/+($:>' +L1+::+"' ,&%6' 8:%]+' 4&+' 0$4("#(8' /19' 34::#(8' ,%&' 3*4(8+' 64>']&+4$*+'(+N'+(+&8>'#($%'N*4$9'#('6%0$' 6%&+' 0/3*' >%/(8' *+&%+0T' J' 46' 3%(@#(3+"' 03*%%:VT' B("' #$' N40' $*+&+9' %(' $*+' 0$&++$0' 4("' "+64("#(8' A/0$#3+T' F%/(8' @%:/($++&0' 1:43+09'*40']+3%6+'4'0$4:+'4("'6%&#]/("' $*4$'#('$*+',43+'%, '$*+'+(%&6%/0'0$&/88:+0' %, ')*4$0N%&$*9'D/&]4('N#$*'6>',+::%N'0$/d 4&+' &+4">' $%' ]+' 0++(' (%$' 40' $%6%&&%Ng0' 1/]:#3':#,+T'W+'6/0$'N%&k'@+&>'*4&"'$%'+(d N+'3/&&+($:>',43+'-'4('%(8%#(8'1%@+&$>'3&#d "+($0'4("',&#+("09'$*4$'J'&+4:#0+"'64(>'%, ' :+4"+&09']/$'40'$*+':+4"+&0'%, '$%"4>T 4]:+' $*+6' $%' ]+' 4]:+' $%' 3%($&#]/$+' $*+#&' 0#09' 4' ,#(4(3#4:' 3�#0' 4("' 4' 3:#64$+' 3�#0' $*+' 464p#(8' 1%00#]#:#$#+0' #(*+&+($' #(' )#@#:' ' @%#3+09'$*+#&'+($*/0#406'4("'$*+#&'+(848+d 4::' 3*4::+(8#(8' /0' 0#6/:$4(+%/0:>' -' #$' #0' C%3#+$>'O' $*+' 1%N+&' N+' *4@+' 40' 0#61:+' #(d ;4k+' 3:#64$+' 3*4(8+9' N*#3*' #0' $*+' 6%0$' 6+($T'=4#:#(8'$%'+(848+'$*+'N%&:"g0'>%/(8' $*+'>%/(8'N*%'*4@+'$*+'8&+4$+0$'03%1+',%&' "#@#"/4:0'N*+('N+'3%6+'$%8+$*+&'4("'43$'f' 1&+00#(8'1&%]:+6'$*+'N%&:"'*40'+@+&',43+"T' 1+%1:+'N%/:"'6+4('0M/4("+&#(8'$*+'+(%&d $*+'43$#%(9'#((%@4$#%('4("'3&+4$#@+'+(848+d $*+'$*#(80'N+'34(':+4&('N*+('N+'$4k+'$*+' J$'#0']+3%6#(8'#(3&+40#(8:>'3:+4&'$*4$'>%/(8' 6%/0'1%$+($#4:'$*4$'43$#@+'>%/$*'14&$#3#14d 6+($'$*+'N%&:"'0%'"+01+&4$+:>'(++"0T $#6+' $%' :#0$+(' $%' %(+' 4(%$*+&'f' $*+' 0$&%(8' 1+%1:+' /("+&0$4("' ]+$$+&' $*4(' 4(>%(+' $#%(' *40' $%' %,,+&' #(' %/&' ,#8*$' $%' 43*#+@+' 4' ,&#+("0*#10'N+',%&6'N*+('N+'4&+'A%#(+"'#(' N*4$'#0'4$'0$4k+'d'1+&*410'$*#0'#0']+34/0+' ,4#&'4("'0/0$4#(4]:+',/$/&+',%&'$*#0'4("',/d $*+'0$&/88:+',%&'4'A/0$'34/0+'4("'$*+'04$#0d $*+>'4&+'$*+'%(+0'N*%'N#::'*4@+'$%':#@+'N#$*' $/&+' 8+(+&4$#%(0T' W+' 34((%$' 4::%N' $*4$' $%' ,43$#%('N+'&+3+#@+',&%6'k(%N#(8'$*4$'N+'4&+' $*+' 3%(0+M/+(3+0' %, ' N*4$+@+&' "+3#0#%(0' *411+(T "%#(8'$*+'*$'$*#(8T'.+$$#(8'#(@%:@+"'40'4(' N+'64k+'$%"4>T'E+$g0'&+6+6]+&'$*+'M/+0d 43$#@#0$'4$'4'>%/(8'48+'0+$'6+'%('4'14$*'%, ' $#%('$*4$'N40'+6]:4p%(+"'%('64(>';dC*#&$0' :#,+:%(8'1%:#$#34:'#(@%:@+6+($'4("'64"+'6+' N%&(' ]>' >%/(8' 6+6]+&0' %, ' $*+' .:%]4:' N*%'J'46'$%"4>T'' )4614#8(',%&'):#64$+'B3$#%('"+:+84$#%('#(' )%1+(*48+(':40$'>+4&'O'r7%N'%:"'N#::'>%/']+' 7#0$%&>' 0*%N0' /0' $*4$' $+&&#]:+' $*#(80' 34(' #(' HI`I'Zg' ;*+' 6+0048+' $*4$' $*+0+' >%/(8' *411+('N*+('6+('4("'N%6+('"%(g$'01+4k' 1+%1:+'N+&+'0+("#(8'N40'3:+4&'O'$*+',/$/&+' %/$' %&' ,++:' $*4$' $*+>' 34(g$' 01+4k' %/$T' K/$' ]+:%(80' $%' $*+69' 4("' $*+>g&+' 8%#(8' $%' "%' *#0$%&>'4:0%'0*%N0'/0'$*4$'#, '$*+>'"%9'm'%&d +@+&>$*#(8'$*+>'34('$%'+(0/&+'+(@#&%(6+(d "#(4&>' 1+%1:+'n' *4@+' $*+' 1%N+&' $%' 3&+4$+' $4:9'0%3#4:'4("'+3%(%6#3'A/0$#3+',%&',/$/&+' +L$&4%&"#(4&>' 3*4(8+' 4("' $*4$' #(3:/"+09' 8+(+&4$#%(0T''
- 7. 12 13 3%(3+&(0' 4("' 401#&4$#%(0' %, ' >%/(8' 1+%d $*+0+' 1&%A+3$0' %/$' $*+60+:@+0' &+64#(' 1.2 WHICH ROLE FOR 1:+T' %&+%@+&9' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' 4&+' %,d 064::T')%(0+M/+($:>9'$*+'$>1+0'%, '1&%A+3$0' $+(' &+4">' $%' $&>' (+N' 4("' #((%@4$#@+' N4>0' $*4$'34(']+',/("+"'40'N+::'40'$*+'"#,,+&+($' %, 'N%&k#(8T ,/("#(8' 1%00#]#:#$#+0' 4@4#:4]:+' 6/0$' ]+' "#d YOUTH ' @+&0#,#+"T' .&4($0' ,%&' 0*%&$+&' $#6+d1+&#%"0' 0*%/:"']+'"+0#8(+"'4("'4::%34$+"9'40'N+::' ORGANISATIONS ? 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- 8. 14 15 1.3 THE YOUTH FORUM )%%1+&4$#%(9' 7/64(#$4(' B#"' 4("' )�#0' X+01%(0+9'!"84&"'2#04(#'4("'4('#("+1+("d $*+' D.0' N40' $4k+(' ]>' 0#8(#(8' 4' ,%&64:' 14&$(+&0*#1'N#$*'$*+'#::+((#/6')4614#8(' AND EUROPEAN +($' +@4:/4$#%(' %, ' $*+' E%6+' JJJ' )%(@+($#%(' %, '$*+'eP'#('5/(+'HIIaT N40'1&%"/3+"'#('GRS`T )%%1+&4$#%('N#$*'$*+'!/&%1+4(')%66#00#%(' DEVELOPMENT POLICY : OP24%P$ -(&./$ P(()*'+.@(,$ =#NDQ4#NNR>$5$ ;*4(k0'$%'$*+'1&+@#%/0'#(@%:@+6+($'%, '$*+' 3%($#(/+"' N#$*' $*+' (+8%$#4$#%(0' ,%&' $*+' )%$%(%/'B8&++6+($'#('HIII'4("':+"'$%'$*+' 30 YEARS OF ACTION ! =%&/69' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' ,&%6' B,ŝ' $*+')4&#]]+4('4("'243#,#3'UB)2V'3%/($&#+0' #(3:/0#%('%, '$*+'>%/$*'4&$#3:+'U4&$T'HaV'4("9' #('HII`9'$%'#$0',/&$*+&'#61&%@+6+($'N#$*'$*+' 0$4&$+"'4'3%(0%:#"4$+"'1&%3+00'%, '3%%1+&4d &+@#0#%('%, '$*+'24&$(+&0*#1'B8&++6+($T'F=5' ;*+' N%&k' %, ' $*+' !/&%1+4(' F%/$*' =%&/6' consider all aspects of the qual- $#%('#('GRSa'N#$*'>%/(8'!/&%1+4(09'N%&kd 3%($43$0'N#$*'$*+'!/&%1+4('24&:#46+($':+"' *40'&+0/:$+"'#('#61%&$4($'43*#+@+6+($0'#(' ity of life. Development de- #(8' $%8+$*+&' $%' +(0/&+' $*4$' $*+' @%#3+' %, ' $*+'D+@+:%16+($')%66#$$++9'#('C+1$+6]+&' "+@+:%16+($' 1%:#3#+09' 14&$#3/:4&:>' #(' $*4$' pends on altering power rela- >%/(8'1+%1:+'N40'*+4&"'#('$*+'E%6+'1&%d HIIc9'$%'0$4&$'4'0$/">'%('$*+'#6143$'%, '!e' $*+>'0*%/:"'$4k+'#($%'433%/($'$*+'(++"0'%, ' tionships in society, improving 3+00T';*+'&+0/:$'%, '$*+'0/]0+M/+($':%]]>#(8' D+@+:%16+($'2%:#3#+0'%('>%/(8'1+%1:+9'3/&d Part I - Youth : More than just development targets Part I - Youth : More than just development targets >%/(8' 1+%1:+T' C#(3+' #$0' +0$4]:#0*6+($' #(' the ability of people to enjoy N%&k'N40'$*+'3%(3&+$+'&+,+&+(3+'$%'>%/$*'#(' &+($:>'/("+&'1&+14&4$#%(T'=/&$*+&9'#('HIIc9' GRcS9'$*+'=%&/6'U]43k'$*+('34::+"'m'F%/$*' maximum participation in de- $*+'E%6+'J<')%(@+($#%(T';*#0'3%%1+&4$#%(' )%66#00#%(+&'E%/#0'#3*+:'#(@#$+"'$*+'F=5' =%&/6'%, '$*+'!/&%1+4(')%66/(#$#+0'nV'"+d cision making, strengthening N40' ,/&$*+&' ,%&64:#0+"' N#$*' $*+' %&84(#04d $%'A%#('$*+')#@#:'C%3#+$>'C$4k+*%:"+&0'.&%/1' 3#"+"'$%'*4@+'"+@+:%16+($'3%d%1+&4$#%('40' political and economic self-re- $#%('%, '$*&++'A%#($'B00+6]:#+0'%, '$*+'B)2d N#$*#('D.'D+@+:%16+($T %(+'%, '#$0'3%&+'4&+40'%, '#($+&+0$T' liance and independence, as !)'F%/$*'UGRRI9'GRRQ9'4("'GRR`V'4("'N#$*' well as ensuring the extension $*+'3%($#(/%/0'&+M/+0$',%&'$*+'&+3%8(#$#%(' D/&#(8'$*#0':40$'1*40+9'$*+'!/&%1+4('F%/$*' B3$#@#$#+0' 34(' ]+' 0/664�+"' #($%' $*&++' of social rights such as educa- %, '>%/(8'1+%1:+'40'14&$(+&0'#('4::'4&+40'%, ' =%&/6'N40'43$#@+:>'#(@%:@+"'#('$*+'%&84(#d 1+&#%"0'O tion. A prerequisite must be to 3%61+$+(3+'%, '$*+')%(@+($#%(T 04$#%(' %, ' $*+' ,#&0$' B,"d!/&%1+' F%/$*' ensure that all basic human C/66#$' N*#3*' $%%k' 1:43+' #(' E#0]%(' ,&%6' -(&./$ 0('&1$ +,9$ %P$ ?*:*;()1*,.$ needs are fulfilled.5 `' $%' c' D+3+6]+&' HIIc' 4("' $*+' ,%::%Nd/1' P(()*'+.@(,$ =#NCD4#NDR>$5' B' ,#&0$' &+0%d S;(M+;$ P(()*'+.@(,$ =#NNQ4!""D>$5' W#$*' %, '$*+'!edB,"'5%#($'C$&4$+8>T';*+'F%/$*' :/$#%(' N40' 4"%1$+"' #(' GRcR' 4("' 84@+' $*+' Y, '3%/&0+'$*#0'"+,#(#$#%('(++"0'$%']+'&+4"' $*+'6+&8#(8'%, '$*+'$*&++'+L#0$#(8'!/&%1+4(' C/66#$'N40'%&84(#0+"'#('14&$(+&0*#1'N#$*' ]40+'$%'0$4&$'$%'4"@%34$+',%&'4'0$&%(8+&'&%:+' $%"4>' $4k#(8' #($%' 3%(0#"+&4$#%(' $*+' 1%:#$#d F%/$*'2:4$,%&60'#('GRRa9'F=5'N#"+(+"'$*+' $*+' P%&$*dC%/$*' )+($&+' %, ' $*+' )%/(3#:' %, ' %, ' P.Y0' 4("' F%/$*' #(' "+@+:%16+($' 3%%1d 34:' 4("' *#0$%":' 6%6+($' #(' N*#3*' N40' 03%1+' %, ' #$0' 43$#%(' #(' "+@+:%16+($' 3%%1d !/&%1+9' $*+' 2%&$/8/+0+' F%/$*' )%/(3#:9' +&4$#%(T' B$' $*+' F%/$*' =%&/6g0' !L+3/$#@+' &+:+40+"T' P+@+&$*+:+009' $*#0' 48&++6+($' +&4$#%(T')%%1+&4$#%('N40'+(:4&8+"'$%'%$*+&' $*+' 24(dB,"(' F%/$*' e(#%(9' 4("' %$*+&' )%66#$$++' #(' P%@+6]+&' GRSH9' $*+' 6+6d :4#"'$*+']40#0',%&'$*+'1%:#$#34:'43$#%('%, '$*+' &+8#%(0']+>%("'$*+'B)29'N#$*'$*+'#(3:/0#%(' (4$#%(4:'4("'#($+&(4$#%(4:'>%/$*'%&84(#04d ]+&0' 48&++"' %(' $*+' ,%::%N#(8' "+,#(#$#%(' %, ' =%&/6' #(' ,%::%N#(8' >+4&0T' K+$N++(' GRSH' %, 'E4$#('B6+ŝ'B0#4'4("'$*+'B&4]'W%&:"' $#%(09' N#$*' $*+' 0/11%&$' %, ' $*+' !/&%1+4(' "+@+:%16+($'O 4("'GRS`9'0+6#(4&0'N+&+'%&84(#0+"'4("'1%d #(' $*+' .:%]4:' )%d%1+&4$#%(' )%d%&"#(4$#%(' )%66#00#%(' 4("' $*+' 2%&$/8/+0+' 8%@+&(d 0#$#%('141+&0'N+&+'"&4,$+"9'1%0#$#%(#(8'$*+' )%66#$$++9'4'$%%:'$%'N%&k'N#$*'F=5'14&$(+&0' 6+($T';*+'!/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/6'*40'4:0%' We believe development is a F%/$*'=%&/6'%, '$*+'!/&%1+4(')%66/(#$#+0' #(' %$*+&' 3%($#(+($0T' C#(3+' GRRc9' F=5' *40' ]++('#(@%:@+"'#('$*+'!/&%1+4(')#@#:'C%3#+$>' concept which transcends a 40' 4' 3&+"#]:+' 43$%&' #(' "+@+:%16+($' 3%%1d "+@%$+"'Gj'%, '#$0'4((/4:']/"8+$'$%',#(4(3+' Y&84(#04$#%(' C$++&#(8' .&%/1' ,%&' $*+' #6d crude equation with increases +&4$#%(T' ):%0+' 3%($43$0' N+&+' +0$4]:#0*+"' >%/$*d:+"'"+@+:%16+($'1&%A+3$0'34&&#+"'%/$' 1:+6+($4$#%(' 4("' 6%(#$%&#(8' %, ' $*+' 5%#($' in national income, but should N#$*' $*+' )%66#00#%(+&' ,%&' J($+&(4$#%(4:' ]>'#$0'14&$(+&'%&84(#04$#%(0'#('$*+'"#,,+&+($' B,"d!e'C$&4$+8>'4("'#$0'B3$#%('2:4(T'' &+8#%(0'%, '$*+'N%&:"T'=/&$*+&6%&+9'4'01+d `T'F%/$*'=%&/6'%, '$*+'!/&%1+4(')%66/(#$#+0'UGRSHV'!"#$%&'"(#)*+&,-./+&012&3("3"+04+&(.50(2-15&$%.&6#("3.01&7"))#1-$8*+&7"1$(-9#$-"1&$"&2.,.4"3).1$9'4"%1$+" 3#4:'3%66#$6+($'%('$*+'#61:+6+($4$#%('%, ' ' 4$'$*+'!L+3/$#@+')%66#$$++'`da'P%@+6]+&'GRSH
- 9. 16 17 B3$#@+'0$+10'N+&+'4:0%'$4k+('$%'0$&+(8$*+(' F%/$*' Y&84(#04$#%(' 4("' $*+' P%&$*dC%/$*' $*+' 3%%1+&4$#%(' N#$*' $*+' B&4]' &+8#%(T' J(' )+($&+'%, '$*+')%/(3#:'%, '!/&%1+T'2&+3+"#(8' P%@+6]+&' HIIR9' #(' B00#:4*9' %&%33%9' $*+' $*+' <J' !edEB)' C/66#$' %, ' 7+4"0' %, ' C$4$+' Q ' E+48/+' %, ' B&4]' C$4$+0' F%/$*' =%&/6' &" 4("' .%@+&(6+($9' $*+' =#&0$' !edEB)' F%/$*' Which role does $%%k' 1:43+9' ,%3/0+"' %(' $*+' $*+6+' m'F%/$*' C/66#$' 84$*+&+"' Gac' >%/$*' &+1&+0+($4d 4("' #8&4$#%('O' B' 7/64(' X#8*$0' K40+"' $#@+0' ,&%6' QS' 3%/($&#+0' %, ' !/&%1+9' E4$#(' the European Youth Forum play ? B11&%43*'nT' J(' 5/:>' HIGI' ' $*+' !/&%1+4(' B6+"' 4("' $*+' )4&#]]+4(' &+8#%(T' ;*+' F%/$*' =%&/6' 4:0%' 3%d%&84(#0+"9' $%8+$*d C/66#$' 3%(3:/"+"' N#$*' 4' N&#$$+(' "+3:4d +&' N#$*' $*+' J$4:#4(' P4$#%(4:' F%/$*' =%&/69' &4$#%(' 4"%1$+"' ]>' >%/$*' "+:+84$+0' $*4$' $*+'D#&+3$%&4$+'%, 'F%/$*'4("'C1%&$'%, '$*+' /&8+"'$*+#&'8%@+&(6+($0'4("'#($+&(4$#%(4:' )%/(3#:'%, '!/&%1+'4("'$*+'E+48/+'%, 'B&4]' #(0$#$/$#%(0' $%' $4k+' #($%' 3%(0#"+&4$#%(' $*+' ;*+'!/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/6'4("'64(>'%, '#$0' J(' 4""#$#%(9' $*+' F=5' #0' 3%%1+&4$#(8' N#$*#(' C$4$+0' $*+' !/&%dB&4]' F%/$*' )%(,+&+(3+' @4:/4]:+' 3%($&#]/$#%(' $*4$' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' +6]+&' Y&84(#04$#%(09' ]%$*' #($+&(4$#%(4:' $*+' J($+&(4$#%(4:' )%%&"#(4$#%(' ++$#(8' %, ' m':0(.& ;"+$(#)'O' F%/$*9' #8&4$#%(' 4("' 4("' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' 34(' 8#@+' $%' $*+' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' 4("' (4$#%(4:' >%/$*' F%/$*'Y&84(#04$#%(0'UJ)FY'-'NNNT#36>%T D+@+:%16+($'nT "#4:%8/+' 4("' 3%%1+&4$#%(' ]+$N++(' $*+0+' 3%/(3#:09' *4@+' ]++(' N%&k#(8' %(' "+@+:%1d (+$V' N*#3*' ]&#(80' $%8+$*+&' &+8#%(4:' >%/$*' Part I - Youth : More than just development targets Part I - Youth : More than just development targets &+8#%(0'%('&+8#%(4:'4("'8:%]4:'#00/+0'4("' 6+($' #00/+0' ,%&' 4' :%(8' $#6+T' ;*#0' #0' "%(+' 1:4$,%&60' 4("' #($+&(4$#%(4:' >%/$*' %&84(#d D/&#(8' $*#0' 1+&#%"' $*+' !/&%1+4(' F%/$*' $%'$*+',/&$*+&'"+@+:%16+($'%, '$*+'!edEB)' $*&%/8*'N%&k#(8'N#$*'#($+&(4$#%(4:'#(0$#$/d 04$#%(0'N#$*'4'8:%]4:'%/$&+43*T =%&/6' N40' 3%66#$$+"' $%' 0$&+(8$*+(' $*+' 0$&4$+8#3'14&$(+&0*#1T $#%(0'4("'8%@+&(6+($09'4("'4"@%34$#(8',%&' 3%%1+&4$#%(' N#$*' B0#4' 40' N+::9' 34&&>#(8' $*+'43*#+@+6+($'%, '$*+'D.09'#('3%%1+&4d %(' ,&/#$,/:' +L3*4(8+0' 4("' +(*4(3+"' 3%d $#%('N#$*'%$*+&'>%/$*'%&84(#04$#%(0',&%6'4::' %1+&4$#%(' %(' >%/$*' 1%:#3>' "+@+:%16+($' %@+&'$*+'N%&:"T #(' ]%$*' &+8#%(0T' ;*+' G0$' !ed)*#(4' F%/$*' E+4"+&' C/66#$' N40' *+:"' #(' 74(8p*%/' %&+%@+&9' $*+' !/&%1+4(' F%/$*' =%&/6' 3%d 4("' C*4(8*4#9' cdGG' 4>' HIGI9' 3%d%&84(d %1+&4$+0' N#$*' %$*+&' &+8#%(4:' >%/$*' 1:4$d #0+"']>'$*+'!/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/69'$*+'B::' ,%&609'4("'4$'$*+'8:%]4:':+@+:9'N%&k0'N#$*d )*#(4' F%/$*' =+"+&4$#%(' 4("' $*+' !/&%1+4(' #(' $*+' .:%]4:' )%d%1+&4$#%(' )%%&"#(4$#%(' )%66#00#%(T )%66#$$++' U.)))V' N*#3*' 84$*+&0' $*+' &+d 8#%(4:' (%(d8%@+&(6+($4:' >%/$*' 1:4$,%&60' ;*+' !/&%1+4(' F%/$*' =%&/6' 4:0%' 64"+' %, ' B,ŝ' B0#49' $*+' )4&#]]+4(9' !/&%1+9' 1&%8&+00' #(' $*+' 3%%1+&4$#%(' N#$*' E4$#(' E4$#('B6+ŝ'4("'$*+'243#,#3T' B6+"' 4("' )4&#]]+4(T' Y(' cdR' 4>' $*+' 3$ %T4UOP$ -(&./$ K&11@.' $%%k' 1:43+' #(' =/+(:4]&4"4d4"&#"9' %&84(#0+"' ]>' $*+' C14(#0*'F%/$*')%/(3#:'#('$*+',&46+N%&k'%, ' $*+'!e'C14(#0*'2&+0#"+(3>9'#('14&$(+&0*#1' N#$*'$*+'!/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/69'$*+'E4$#(' B6+"('F%/$*'=%&/69'$*+'J]+&%46+"(' F%/$*' C143+9' $*+' )4&#]]+4(' =+"+&4$#%(' %, ' F%/$*' X+@#$4:#04$#%(' )%66#$$++9' $*+' C14(#0*'F%/$*'J(0$#$/$+9'$*+'J]+&%46+"('
- 10. 18 19 2.1 THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ARE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT GOALS PART II J$'#0'3%(3+&(#(8'$*4$'>%/(8'1+%1:+'4&+'(%$' 3%(0#"+&+"'6%&+'#('"+@+:%16+($'1%:#3>']+d B33%61:#0*#(8'N*4$'#0'0+$'%/$'#('$*+'D.0' &+M/#&+0' 6%&+' &+0%/&3+0' ,%&' "+@+:%16+($' Part II- (Youth) Development Policy 34/0+' #$' #0' %]@#%/0' $*4$' 43*#+@#(8' 4:&+4">' 43$#%(9' $*+' &+@#0#%(' %, ' $&4"+' &/:+09' 4("' 48&++"' 3%66#$6+($0' &+M/#&+0' $*+#&' #(d "+]$'&+"/3$#%(9'46%(8'%$*+&'43$#%(0T'Y(+' @%:@+6+($T';*+'&+40%('#0'0#61:+'f'$*+'8%4:0' #61%&$4($' +:+6+($' $*4$' #0' (%$' %,$+(' 6+(d $*+60+:@+0' $4&8+$' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' 4:$*%/8*' $#%(+"'N*+('"#03/00#(8'$*+'43*#+@+6+($'%, ' $*#0'#0'(%$'4:N4>0'+L1:#3#$:>'6+($#%(+"T';*+' $*+' D.0' #0' $*+' (++"' $%' #(@%:@+' 4("' $4&d (YOUTH) 3:+4&+0$' 4("' 6%0$' #61%&$4($' +L461:+' %, ' 8+$' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' 01+3#,#34::>T' ;*+' &+40%(' $*#0'#0'$*+'#::+((#/6'D+@+:%16+($'.%4:0T ,%&' "%#(8' $*#0' #0' 0#61:+' -' $*+' #::+((#/6' D+@+:%16+($' .%4:0' 4&+' 3:+4&:>' F%/$*' DEVELOPMENT POLICY ;*+'#::+((#/6'D+@+:%16+($'.%4:0'UD.0V' D+@+:%16+($'.%4:0T 4&+'4'0+$'%, '+#8*$'8%4:0'4("'HI'$4&8+$0'%(' ' *%N'$%'*4:@+'1%@+&$>']>'HIG`9'&+"/3+'3*#:"' 6%&$4:#$>'4("',#8*$'+1#"+6#30Ta'W%&:"':+4"d Goal 1 : Eradicate extreme +&0'3%66#$$+"'$%'$*+#&'43*#+@+6+($'4$'$*+' poverty and hunger e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'.+(+&4:'B00+6]:>'#('HIIIT' ;*+>'4&+'$#6+d]%/("9'1+%1:+d%&#+($+"9'4("' B]%/$' *4:, ' %, ' $*+' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' #(' $*+' 1&%8&+00'#('&+43*#(8'$*+6'#0'+40#:>'6+40d N%&:"' :#@+' #(' 1%@+&$>T' J, ' >%/$*' 4&+' 8#@+(' /&4]:+T'=%&+6%0$9'$*+'D.0'4&+'%, '#61%&d 6%&+' 3%(0#"+&4$#%(' #(' 1%@+&$>' &+"/3$#%(' $4(3+']+34/0+'$*+>'4&+'43*#+@4]:+'d'#, '$*+>' 0$&4$+8#+09'$*+#&'4]#:#$>'$%'+0341+',&%6'1%@d 4&+'$4k+('0+&#%/0:>T +&$>' 4$' $*+' ]+8#((#(8' %, ' $*+#&' :#@+0' N%/:"' #(3&+40+' d' $*/0' ]&+4k#(8' $*+' @#3#%/0' 3>3:+' %, ' 1%@+&$>' *4("+"' "%N(' ,&%6' 8+(+&4$#%(' $%'8+(+&4$#%(T aT'e(#$+"'P4$#%(09'HIIcT'C$/"+($'<%#3+0'B84#(0$'2%@+&$>'h%(:#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$'NNNT/(T%&8^6#::+((#/68%4:0^>%/$*T0*$6:' ' h433+00+"'GG'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi'
- 11. 20 21 Goal 2 : Achieve Universal Goal 5 : Improve Maternal Goal 7 : Ensure 2010 MDG Summit 7 Primary Education Health Environmental Sustainability ;*+' HIGI' e(#$+"' P4$#%(0' C/66#$' %(' $*+' J$' #0' %]@#%/0:>' %, ' +L$&+6+' #61%&$4(3+' ,%&' 2&+8(4(3>' #0' $*+' :+4"#(8' 34/0+' %, ' "+4$*' J$' #0' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' 4("' $*+#&' 3*#:"&+(' $*4$' #::+((#/6'D+@+:%16+($'.%4:0'$%%k'1:43+' >%/(8'1+%1:+'$%'3%61:+$+'$*+#&'+"/34$#%(' 46%(8' N%6+(' 48+"' G`dGRT' %&+%@+&9' ]+d N#::' *4@+' $%' "+4:' N#$*' $*+' 3%(0+M/+(3+0' %(' HIdHH' C+1$+6]+&9' 3%(3:/"#(8' N#$*' $*+' #, ' $*+>' 4&+' $%' ]+' 4]:+' $%' +0341+' 1%@+&$>T' 34/0+' %, ' 8+("+&d]40+"' @#%:+(3+' U#T+T' "%d %, ' (%$' $4k#(8' +(@#&%(6+($4:' 0/0$4#(4]#:d 4"%1$#%('%, '4'.:%]4:'B3$#%('2:4('$%'43*#+@+' F%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' 34(' 0/11%&$' $*#0' 8%4:' 6+0$#3'@#%:+(3+9'&41+9'$&4,,#3k#(89'4("'0+L/d #$>'0+&#%/0:>'$%"4>9'40'64(>'%, '$*+'+,,+3$0' $*+'+#8*$'4($#d1%@+&$>'8%4:0']>'$*+#&'HIG`' ]>' 1&%@#"#(8' @%:/($++&' $/$%&#(8' 4("' (%(d 4:'*4&4006+($V'>%/(8'6%$*+&0'4&+'4'8&%/1' %, '1%::/$#%('N#::'%(:>']+3%6+'+@#"+($'%@+&' $4&8+$0T' 7%N+@+&9' $*+' 6%0$' 0#8(#,#34($' 4(d ,%&64:'+"/34$#%(T $*4$'(++"0'01+3#4:'4$$+($#%(T' $*+' :%(8+&' $+&6' U#T+T' 3:#64$+' 3*4(8+VT' (%/(3+6+($'N40'$*4$'%, '4'64A%&'(+N'3%6d %&+%@+&9'>%/(8'1+%1:+'%,$+('*4@+'4']+$$+&' 6#$6+($'01+3#,#34::>',%&'N%6+(g0'4("'3*#:d Goal 6 : Combat HIV/ /("+&0$4("#(8'%, '+(@#&%(6+($4:'1&%]:+60' "&+(g0' *+4:$*' 4("' %$*+&' #(#$#4$#@+0' 484#(0$' Goal 3 : Promote Gender AIDS, Malaria, and Other 4("'4&+'6%&+'&+4">'$*4('%:"+&'8+(+&4$#%(0' 1%@+&$>9'*/(8+&'4("'"#0+40+T Equality and Empower Diseases $%' $4k+' 43$#%(' $%' 43*#+@+' +(@#&%(6+($4:' Women 0/0$4#(4]#:#$>T ;*+' .:%]4:' B3$#%(' C$&4$+8>' $%' 433+:+&4$+' !43*'"4>9'a9III'>%/(8'1+%1:+']+3%6+'#(d 1&%8&+00'%('N%6+(g0'4("'3*#:"&+(g0'*+4:$*' Part II- (Youth) Development Policy Part II- (Youth) Development Policy J('4""#$#%('$%']+#(8'4'14&$'%, '0%3#+$>'N*#3*' ,+3$+"'N#$*'$*+'7J<'@#&/0'-'$*#0'+M/4$+0'$%' 3%66#$$+"'%@+&'eCo_I']#::#%('#('&+0%/&3+0' +("/&+0'4'@+&>'*#8*':+@+:'%, '"#03#(4$#%(9' 6%&+'$*4('*4:, '%, '4::'(+N'7J<^BJDC'340+0T' Goal 8 : Develop a %@+&'$*+'(+L$',#@+'>+4&0T'J('$+&60'%, '*/64(' >%/(8'8#&:0'43&%00'$*+'N%&:"',43+'64(>'"#,d ;*#0'#0'4('4&+4'#('N*#3*'>%/(8'1+%1:+'4&+' Global Partnership for :#,+9' $*#0' 3%66#$6+($9' #, ' 1&%1+&:>' 4"6#(d ,#3/:$#+09'N#$*',+N+&'8#&:0'$*4(']%>0'4$$+("d 4:&+4">' 1:4>#(8' 4' 64A%&' &%:+9' N#$*' 64(>' Development #0$+&+"9' *40' $*+' 1%$+($#4:' %, ' 04@#(8' $*+' #(8' 03*%%:9' ,+N+&' >%/(8' N%6+(' +(A%>#(8' 64A%&'43$%&0'*4@#(8'43k(%N:+"8+"'$*+'#6d :#@+0' %, ' 6%&+' $*4(' Ga' 6#::#%(' N%6+(' 4("' 14#"'+61:%>6+($9'4("'/(N4($+"'0+L']+#(8' 1%&$4(3+'%, '>%/(8'1+%1:+'#('&+:4$#%('$%'$*+' ;*#0' #0' 4' 8%4:' $*4$' #0' 4:0%' 4#6+"' 4$' 1&%d 3*#:"&+(T 4' 3%66%(' 1&%]:+6T' K+#(8' 4' 1:43+' N*+&+' #00/+' 4("' %, ' #($+8&4$#(8' $*+6' #($%' $*+#&' @#"#(8' $*+' 6+4(0' ,%&' 43*#+@#(8' $*+' %$*+&' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' "+@+:%1' @4:/+09' 4N4&+(+00' 7J<^BJDC' &+:4$+"' 1&%8&466+0T' F%/$*d:+"' 8%4:0T' J$' #0' $*/0' %, ' 0#8(#,#34(3+' ,%&' >%/$*' ;*#0' %]@#%/0:>' #0' 4' N+:3%6+' "+@+:%16+($' 4("' 43$#%(0' $%' 3%6]4$' "#,,+&+($' 3*4::+(8d 0+L/4:' 4("' &+1&%"/3$#@+' *+4:$*' +"/34$#%(' $*4$'43$#%(0'4&+'$4k+(']%$*'#('8+(+&4:'U#T+T' 4("' 8%@+&(6+($09' 6/:$#(4$#%(4:' %&84(#04d +09'>%/$*'%&84(#04$#%(0'*4@+'4('#61%&$4($' *40' 1&%@+(' $%' ]+' +,,+3$#@+' #(' $43k:#(8' $*+' #(3&+40#(8'4#"V'4("'01+3#,#34::>'U#T+T'1&%@#"d $#%(0'4("'#("#@#"/4:0'6/0$'3%($#(/+'$%'#(d &%:+'$%'1:4>T 14("+6#3T' E#k+N#0+9' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' #(8'6#3&%d,#(4(3#(8'1%00#]#:#$#+0',%&'>%/$*VT' @+0$'#('*/64('"+@+:%16+($'(%$'%(:>'$%'+(d 34(' $4k+' 43$#%(0' $*&%/8*' 4N4&+(+00d&4#0d Y(+'%, '$*+'$4&8+$0'/("+&'.%4:'S'01+3#,#34::>' 0/&+'$*4$'N+'43*#+@+'$*+'"+@+:%16+($'8%4:0' #(8' N*+(' 3%($&#]/$#(8' $%' .%4:0' _' 4("' `T' "+4:0'N#$*'$*+'#61%&$4(3+'%, '1&%"/3#(8'"+d ]>'HIG`9']/$'4:0%'$%'+(0/&+'$*4$'%/&',/$/&+' Goal 4 : Reduce Child ;*#0'4N4&+(+00d&4#0#(8'34('4:0%']+'34&&#+"' 3+($'4("'1&%"/3$#@+'N%&k',%&'>%/$*T';*#0'#0' $%8+$*+&'#0'0$4]:+'4("'0/0$4#(4]:+T' Mortality %/$' #($+&(4::>9' 40' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' 4&+' 4('#00/+'%('N*#3*'>%/$*'%&84(#04$#%(0'4&+' 4' 1:43+' N*+&+' 4$$#$/"+0' 4("' ]+*4@#%/&4:' 43$#@+:>'N%&k#(8T'=#(4::>9'$*&%/8*'4"@%343>' J(,4($0']%&('$%'$++(48+'6%$*+&0'4&+'SIj' 3*4(8+'4&+',&+M/+($:>'"#03/00+"T' 4("' 4N4&+(+00d&4#0#(89' >%/$*' %&84(#04d 6%&+' :#k+:>' $%' "#+' $*4(' #(,4($0' ]%&(' $%' $#%(0' *4@+' 1&%@+(' $%' ]+' #61%&$4($' 43$%&0' 6%$*+&0' ]+$N++(' HIdHR' >+4&0' %:"T' F%/(8' #('3*4(8#(8'1%1/:4&'4$$#$/"+0'4("'1&+00/&d 6%$*+&0' $*+&+,%&+' (++"' $%' ]+' 01+3#,#34::>' #(8'8%@+&(6+($0'$%'4"*+&+'$%'$*+#&'3%66#$d $4&8+$+"'$%'*+:1'&+"/3+'3*#:"'6%&$4:#$>T 6+($0'-'N*#3*'#0'3&/3#4:'$%'.%4:'S'40'N+::'40' $%'$*+'%$*+&'D.0T' cT'*$$1'O^^+++T/(T%&8^+(^6"8^0/66#$HIGI^1",^6"8jHI%/$3%6+jHI"%3/6+($T1",
- 12. 22 23 The European Students’ Forum (AEGEE-Europe) 2.2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES <%.& :-44.11-#)& =.,.4"3).1$& >"04+&?& @& B!.!!' "+0#8(+"' $*#0' 1&%A+3$' #(' 3%%1+&4d 7%044.15.&A"(&<"208*+&!"#$%&B $#%('N#$*'$*+'./A4&4$'2/]:#3'C3*%%:'-'KX.' .&%/19'BJ!C!)'K4&%"4'U]40+"'#('<4"%"4&49' ;*+' #::+((#/6' D+@+:%16+($' .%4:0' 4("' J("#4V' 4("' $*+' BX!C;B' U]40+"' #(' )41+' $*+'+61%N+&6+($'%, '>%/(8'1+%1:+'4&+'%, ' ;%N(9' C%/$*' B,"V9' N*#3*' #0' 3%61%0+"' B14&$',&%6'$*+'D.09'$*+&+'4&+'0+@+&4:'#(d ;*+'&%:+'%, '3#@#:'0%3#+$>'#09'*%N+@+&9']4&+:>' 14&46%/($' #61%&$4(3+' ,%&' B!.!!9' N*#3*' %, ' ,%/&' 1&#(3#1:+' 43$#@#$#+0'O' 4' 1&+:#6#(4&>' $+&(4$#%(4:' 48&++6+($0' $*4$' +0$4]:#0*' $*+' "+4:$'N#$*'#('$*+',#(4:'24�'D+3:4&4$#%(T' Part II- (Youth) Development Policy Part II- (Youth) Development Policy #0'%&84(#0+"'#('_Q'!/&%1+4('3%/($&#+0T'B0' 6++$#(8' *+:"' #(' K&/00+:0' #(' D+3+6]+&' ,&46+N%&k',%&'"+@+:%16+($'1%:#3#+0T'=%&'+Ld ;*+' >%/$*' "#6+(0#%(' #0' 0%6+$*#(8' $*4$' 14&$' %, ' #$0' D.' N%&k9' 4' 8&%/1' %, ' >%/(8' HIIR'f' $N%' 340+' 0$/">' $
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- 15. 28 29 Ecumenical Youth Council in Europe Swiss National Youth Council (EYCE) (SAJV/CSAJ) )4614#8('$%'2&%6%$+'!3%:%8#34:'5/0$#3+ F%/$*',%&'"+@+:%16+($ !(@#&%(6+($' #0' %(+' %, ' $*+' 6%0$' 3*4::+(8d )4614#8(0' *4@+' 1&%@+"' $%' ]+' +,,+3$#@+' F%/$*' ,%&' "+@+:%16+($' #0' 4' 1&%8&466+' )CB5^CB5<' 4:0%' %,,+&0' 34143#$>' ]/#:"d #(8' 3%(3+&(0' ,%&' 3%($+61%&4&>' 0%3#+$>T' J$' $%%:0'#('$*+'N%&k'%, '!F)!'#('1&+@#%/0'>+4&0T' "+0#8(+"' ]>' 4("' ,%&' >%/$*' #(' $*+' ,#+:"' %, ' #(8' 43$#@#$#+0' ,%&' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' #(' #0'3:+4&'$*4$'3:#64$+'3*4(8+'#0'4,,+3$#(8'$*+' J(' HII`dHIIS9' !F)!' N40' &/((#(8' $*+' "+@+:%16+($'3%%1+&4$#%(T'F%/$*',%&'"+@+:d CN#$p+&:4("' 4("' "%+0' k(%Nd*%N' $&4(0,+&' +($#&+'1:4(+$T'5/0$'%(+'+L461:+'%, '$*+'+,d )4614#8('m'F%/$*'=#8*$#(8'7J<'4("'BJDC'n' %16+($' 4"@%34$+0' ,%&' "+@+:%16+($' N*+&+' 43$#@#$#+0' N#$*' P4$#%(4:' F%/$*' )%/(3#:0' #(' ,+3$0'%, '"4(8+&%/0'3:#64$+'3*4(8+'#('HIGI' 4("' ,&%6' HIISdHIGI' $*+' m')4614#8(' $%' >%/$*' 4&+' (%$' %(:>' $*+' &+3#1#+($0' %, ' *+:19' "+@+:%1#(8'3%/($&#+0T' N40' $*+' *+4@>' &4#(0' #(' $*+' 2*#:#11#(+0' #(' Y@+&3%6+' =/("46+($4:#06'nT' ;*+0+' 346d ]/$'4&+'4:0%'#("+1+("+($'43$%&0'4("'14&$d Part II- (Youth) Development Policy Part II- (Youth) Development Policy 5/:>' N*#3*' N+&+' "#&+3$:>' 3%((+3$+"' $%' 14#8(0' &+43*+"' 4' :4&8+' (/6]+&' %, ' >%/(8' (+&0T'B0'$*+'/6]&+::4'400%3#4$#%('%, 'CN#00' )CB5^CB5<' 4:0%' &/(0' m'!40$' 2&%A+3$'n' 6#:"' N#($+&0' #(' K4:$#3' C$4$+0T' B0' 4' &+0/:$' 1+%1:+' ,&%6' 4::' %@+&' !/&%1+T' B0' 4' &+0/:$' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(09' )CB5^CB5<' *40' ]+d N*#3*'0/11%&$0'064::d034:+'>%/$*'1&%A+3$0' %, '$*+0+'+(@#&%(6+($4:'3*4(8+0'$*+&+'*40' !F)!'"+3#"+"'$%':4/(3*'4'Qd>+4&'34614#8(' 3%6+',46#:#4&'N#$*'$*+'(++"0'4("'3%(3+&(0' 1:4((+"'4("'#61:+6+($+"'A%#($:>']>'CN#00' ]++(' 4' *#8*+&' ,&+M/+(3>' %, ' $%&(4"%+0' #(' $%' 1&%6%$+' +3%:%8#34:' A/0$#3+9' N*#3*' N#::' %, ' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' $*&%/8*' 64(>' >+4&0' %, ' 4("' :%34:' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' #(' C%/$*d $*+'243#,#3'#('&+3+($'>+4&0T'7%N+@+&9'$*+&+' &/(',&%6'HIGG'/($#:'HIGQT' +L1+&#+(3+T'W#$*'$*+'0/11%&$'%, '$*+'CN#00' !40$+&(' !/&%1+' 4("' 4(' Y(:#(+d;%%:d?#$' %,d #0' 4' ,4&' 8&+4$+&' 3%((+3$#%(' $*4(' 0#61:>' B8+(3>' ,%&' D+@+:%16+($' 4("' )%%1+&4$#%(' ,+&0' %(:#(+' 4("' >%/$*' ,&#+(":>' #(,%&64$#%(' ]+$N++(' "#,,+&+($' +(@#&%(6+($0T' ;*+' :#(k' ;*+'%@+&4::'4#6'%, '$*+'34614#8('N#::']+'$%' UCD)V9')CB5^CB5<'34&&#+0'%/$'@4&#%/0'1&%d 4("' k(%N:+"8+' 4]%/$' "+@+:%16+($' 3%%1d ]+$N++(' +3%:%8#34:' &+01%(0#]#:#$>' 4("' $*+' 3%66#$' !F)!9' #$0' +6]+&' Y&84(#04$#%(0' A+3$0' 4("' 43$#@#$#+0' $*4$' 3%($&#]/$+' $%' $*+' +&4$#%(' $%1#30' 4("' 1&%A+3$' 1:4((#(8' 4("' N+4:$*'4("'1%@+&$>'%, '%$*+&0'0*%/:"'4:0%']+' 4("' #("#@#"/4:' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' $%' 43$' &+d "+@+:%16+($'%, '$*+'1%$+($#4:'%, '>%/(8'1+%d 64(48+6+($T' 3%(0#"+&+"T';*+'+,,+3$0'%, '3:#64$+'3*4(8+' 01%(0#]:>'$%N4&"0'$*+'+(@#&%(6+($'4("'$%' 1:+'#('CN#$p+&:4("'4("'#('$4&8+$'3%/($&#+0T' 4("' 6#8&4$#%(' 0*%/:"' 4:0%' ]+' +L1:%&+"' 40' +61%N+&' $*+6' $%' 4"@%34$+' ,%&' 4' 8&++(+&' ;*+'8%4:'#0'$*+'#61&%@+6+($'%, ':#@#(8'3%(d 0*%/:"' $*+' 3%((+3$#%(' ]+$N++(' 3:#64$+' !/&%1+T';*#0'N#::']+'"%(+']>'&4#0#(8'4N4&+d "#$#%(0' ,%&' 4::' 4("' $%' $*+' 4]#:#$>' ,%&' >%/(8' 3*4(8+g0'#6143$'%('(4$/&4:'&+0%/&3+0'4("' (+00'%, '+3%:%8#34:'#00/+0'#('!/&%1+9'0$/">d 1+%1:+' $%' 14&$#3#14$+' #(' #61%&$4($' 1&%d 6#:#$4&>'3%(,:#3$'4("'@#%:+(3+T' #(8' $*+' "+@+:%16+($0' ,&%6' $*+' ?>%$%' 4("' 3+00+0T' m'C%/$*' 2&%A+3$'n' ,%&' +L461:+' 0/1d )%1+(*48+(' ):#64$+' )*4(8+' )%(,+&+(3+0' 1%&$0' 064::d034:+' >%/$*' 1&%A+3$0' 1:4((+"' J$' #0' $*+' &+01%(0#]#:#$>' %, ' +43*' #("#@#"/4:9' 4("' +L1:%&#(8' $*+' &+:4$#%(' ]+$N++(' +3%:%d 4("' #61:+6+($+"' A%#($:>' ]>' CN#00' 4("' :%d #(3:/"#(8' >%/(8' 1+%1:+9' N*%' N#::' ]+' $*+' 8>9'+3%(%6>'4("'1%:#$#309'#(3:/"#(8'&+@#+Nd 34:'>%/$*'%&84(#04$#%(0'#('B,ŝ'B0#4'4("' 64#(' 1:4>+&0' #(' ,/$/&+' !/&%1+' 4("' 0*41+' #(8' +3%:%8>' #00/+0' 40' ]40#0' ,%&' (/6+&%/0' E4$#(dB6+"T' $*+' N%&:"' %, ' $%6%&&%N9' $%' N%&k' 484#(0$' 3%(,:#3$0T' $*+'(+84$#@+'+,,+3$0'%, '3:#64$+'3*4(8+'4("' &4#0+'4N4&+(+00'%('+(@#&%(6+($4:'#00/+0T'
- 16. 30 31 B0' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' ]%$*' &+1&+0+($' $*+' 1&+d =#@+' 4""#$#%(4:' 4&+40' %, ' 3%(3+&(' $%' >%/$*' 0+($'4("'$*+',/$/&+'4("'$*+'k+>'$%'43*#+@d N+&+'4"%1$+"']>'$*+'eP'.+(+&4:'B00+6]:>' #(8' 8:%]4:' "+@+:%16+($' $4&8+$09' #$' #0' @#$4:' #(' HIIQ'O' .:%]4:#04$#%('f' J(,%&64$#%(' 4("' $%'+(0/&+'$*4$'$*+&+'#0'(%$'%(:>'4'>%/$*'"#d )%66/(#34$#%('f' 7J<^BJDC'f' )%(,:#3$' 1&+d 6+(0#%(' #(' 3/&&+($' "+@+:%16+($' 1%:#3#+0' @+($#%('f' 4("' J($+&8+(+&4$#%(4:' &+:4$#%(0T' ]/$' 4:0%' $%' 3%(0#"+&' $*+' 01+3#,#3' &%:+' %, ' ;*&%/8*'$*+'#61:+6+($4$#%('%, 'W2BF'4("' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' #(' #("#@#"/4:' 4&+409' 14&$#3/d &+8#%(4:'4("'8:%]4:'"#4:%8/+'4("'3%%1+&4d :4&:>' 4&+40' N*+&+' >%/$*' 4&+' 4:&+4">' 43$#@+' $#%(' ,&46+N%&k09' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' 4("' >%/$*' 4("'N%&k#(8'40'48+($0'%, '3*4(8+T'' %&84(#04$#%(0' *4@+' ]++(' 4]:+' $%' $43k:+' 8:%]4:' #00/+09' 3%($&#]/$+' $%' $*+' "+@+:%1d ;*+' 6%0$' #61%&$4($' ,&46+N%&k' "+4:d 6+($'%, '3%%&"#(4$+"'4("'3%*+&+($'1%:#3#+0' #(8' 01+3#,#34::>' N#$*' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' %(' $*+' 4("'1&%8&466+0'4("'1&%6%$+'4N4&+(+00' PART III 8:%]4:' :+@+:' #0' $*+' TH$ V(';9$ 2'(<'+11*$ &4#0#(89' #(,%&64$#%(' 0*4&#(8' 4("' 34143#$>' (G$ OA.@(,$ G('$ -(&./$ =V2O->T;*+' W2BF' ,%d ]/#:"#(8T' J(' %&"+&' $%' 1&%1+&:>' :%%k' 4$' $*+' 3/0+0' %(' $*+' 3*4::+(8+0' ,43+"' ]>' >%/(8' N%&k'%, '>%/(8'1+%1:+'4("'N*4$'#0'&+M/#&+"' Part III- Youth (Development) Policy 1+%1:+9' #0' 0$&%(8:>' #($+&&+:4$+"' N#$*' $*+' ,%&'$*+',/$/&+'4'3:%0+&'4(4:>0#0'%, '0%6+'1&#d D.0' 4("' #0' $*+' 6%0$' 3%61:+$+' +L461:+' %&#$>',#+:"0'#0'&+M/#&+"T %, ' 4' 8:%]4:' 3%(0+(0/0' ]+$N++(' 8%@+&(d 6+($0'$%'+(848+'>%/(8'1+%1:+T'B"%1$+"'#(' GRR`9'$*+'W2BF'#0'3%(0#"+&+"'40'$*+',#&0$' YOUTH m'8:%]4:']:/+1&#($'n',%&'"+@+:%1#(8'+,,+3$#@+' 1%:#3#+0',%&'>%/(8'1+%1:+9'N#$*'$*+'1+3/:#4&d #$>'%, '*4@#(8']++('"&4,$+"']>'>%/(8'1+%1:+9' (DEVELOPMENT) POLICY ,%&'>%/(8'1+%1:+T';*+'"%3/6+($'3/&&+($:>' 3%($4#(0' G`' 1&#%&#$#+0T' ;*+' %#(4:' %(+0' N+&+' !"/34$#%(9' !61:%>6+($9' 7/(8+&9' 2%@+&$>9'!(@#&%(6+($9'D&/8'B]/0+9'5/@+(#:+' D+:#(M/+(3>9' E+#0/&+d$#6+' 43$#@#$#+09' .#&:0' 4("'F%/(8'N%6+('4("'$*+'=/::'4("'+,,+3d $#@+'14&$#3#14$#%('%, '>%/$*'#('$*+':#,+'%, '0%d 3#+$>'4("'"+3#0#%(d64k#(8T'
- 17. 32 33 Dutch National Youth Council 3.1 MAINSTREAMING (DNYC) GENDER AND F%/$*'&+1&+0+($4$#@+0' ENVIRONMENT ;*+' D/$3*' P4$#%(4:' F%/$*' )%/(3#:' *40' 4(' F%/$*' &+1&+0+($4$#@+0' N%&k' N#$*' 4' A/(#%&^ J(' %&"+&' $%' 43*#+@+' &+4:' +M/4:#$>9' 4' *$0d B(%$*+&' #00/+' %, ' */8+' 3%(3+&(' #0' $*4$' %, ' +L$+(0#@+' ]43k8&%/("' #(' >%/$*' #(@%:@+d 0+(#%&' 0>0$+6T' !43*' >%/$*' &+1&+0+($4$#@+' ]40+"'411&%43*'$%'8+("+&'+M/4:#$>'6/0$':#+' 3:#64$+' 3*4(8+' 4("' #$0' #6143$9' ]%$*' %(' 6+($' #(' 0%3#4:' 4("' 1%:#$#34:' 4,,4#&0' N%&:"d *40'4'64("4$+',%&'$N%'>+4&0'N#$*'%(+'>+4&' 4$'$*+'*+4&$'%, '4::'>%/$*'4("'8:%]4:'"+@+:d $*+' +(@#&%(6+($' 40' N+::' 40' %(' %$*+&' k+>' N#"+T' J$' +("%&0+0' %,,#3#4::>' +:+3$+"' F%/$*' %@+&:41T';*+'A/(#%&'>%/$*'&+1&+0+($4$#@+'4$d %16+($'8%4:0T';*#0'#0'k+>'#('%&"+&'$%'+(0/&+' "+@+:%16+($'4&+40T'B'$&/:>'0/0$4#(4]:+'41d X+1&+0+($4$#@+0'$%'$4k+'14&$'#('#($+&(4$#%(d $+("0'$*+')%(,+&+(3+'%, '24&$#+0'U)Y2V'N#$*' $*4$' 1&%8&+00' #0' (%$' 64"+' 4$' $*+' +L1+(0+' 1&%43*' 6/0$' ]+' $4k+(' #(' %&"+&' $%' 43*#+@+' Part III- Youth (Development) Policy Part III- Youth (Development) Policy 4:'3%(,+&+(3+09'0/3*'40'$*+'eP'=&46+N%&k' 4(' P.Y' 433&+"#$4$#%(' N*+&+40' $*+' 0+(#%&' %, 'N%6+(9'4("'4:0%']+34/0+'$*+'+61%N+&d $*+' D.09' 0%' 40' $%' +(0/&+' $*4$' 3:#64$+' )%(@+($#%('%(')%6]4$#(8'):#64$+')*4(8+' >%/$*'&+1&+0+($4$#@+'#0'14&$'%, '$*+'%,,#3#4:' 6+($' %, ' 8#&:0' 4("' >%/(8' N%6+(' #0' 4' 1&+d 3*4(8+'"%+0'(%$'/("+&6#(+'$*+'+,,%&$0'4("' UeP=)))VT' ;*+' D/$3*' P4$#%(4:' F%/$*' "+:+84$#%(T'J('$*#0'N4>9']%$*'$*+'3%($#(/#$>' &+M/#0#$+' $%' 43*#+@#(8' $*+' D.0T' ' C1+3#4:' 3%61&%6#0+'$*+'(++"0'%, '$*+'>%/(8+&'4("' )%/(3#:' 0+:+3$0' 4("' (%6#(4$+0' $*+' 6%0$' 4("' $*+' M/4:#$>' %, ' $*+' >%/$*' 3%($&#]/$#%(' 4&+40' $%' 3%(0#"+&' N#$*' &+84&"0' $%' 8+("+&' ,/$/&+' 8+(+&4$#%(0T' ):#64$+' 3*4(8+' *4@+' 0/#$4]:+' >%/$*' &+1&+0+($4$#@+' $%' $4k+' 14&$' 4&+'+(0/&+"T +M/4:#$>'4&+'"+3+($'+61:%>6+($'4("'N%&kd ]++(' 14&$#3/:4&:>' ,+:$' ]>' $*+' N%&:"g0' 6%0$' 4("'43$#@+:>'14&$#3#14$+'#('+43*'&+01+3$#@+' #(8'3%("#$#%(09'+"/34$#%('4("'$*+'43*#+@+d @/:(+&4]:+'1+%1:+9'40'#$0'#6143$0'*4@+']++(' 3%(,+&+(3+T' 6+($'%, '/(#@+&04:'433+00'$%'0+L/4:'4("'&+d +L43+&]4$#(8'+L#0$#(8'1&%]:+60'4("'"+@+:d ' 1&%"/3$#@+'*+4:$*'4("'*$0T'J('$*+0+'4&+40' %16+($'#00/+0'0/3*'40'*/(8+&'4("'433+00' >%/$*'%&84(#04$#%(0'4&+'4$'$*+',%&+,&%($'#(' $%'N4$+&T' $*+'0$&/88:+',%&'8+("+&'+M/4:#$>'4("'>%/$*' 4/$%(%6>9'14&$#3/:4&:>'#('$*+#&'&%:+'40'%(+' Y(:>'$*&%/8*'4""&+00#(8'$*+0+'#($+&&+:4$+"' %, '$*+'64#('1&%@#"+&0'%, '(%(d,%&64:'+"/34d #00/+0'4("'N%&k#(8'N#$*'$*%0+'6%0$'4,,+3$d $#%('%('$*+0+'#00/+0',%&'>%/(8'1+%1:+'4("' +"'34('N+'0$&#@+',%&'6%&+'1%:#3>'3%*+&+(3+' ,/&$*+&'64#(0$&+46#(8'#0'&+M/#&+"'#('%&"+&' 4("'4'*%:#0$#3'@#0#%('%, '"+@+:%16+($T $%'+(0/&+'$*4$'>%/$*'#0'3%(0#"+&+"'4("'3%(d 0/:$+"'N*+('"+3#0#%(0'4&+']+#(8'64"+TR RT'F=5'HIIc9'2%:#3>'241+&'%('B3*#+@#(8'!M/4:#$>'K+$N++('W%6+('b'+('h%(:#(+i'K&/00+:0T'B@4#:4]:+'4$' ' NNNT>%/$*,%&/6T%&8^#648+0^0$%&#+0^D%3/6+($0^7/64(qX#8*$0^IaS`dIcq.!M/4:#$>q,#(4:T1",T'hB33+00+"'GI'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi
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- 21. 40 41 World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) 3.3 HEALTH, SRHR J($+&d&+8#%(4:')%%1+&4$#%('#('B,ŝ'$*+'B&4]'C$4$+0'4("'!/&40#4 AND HIV/AIDS J($+&&+8#%(4:'3%d%1+&4$#%('*40']++('4('%(d D+@+:%16+($'#('3%%1+&4$#%('N#$*'0#L'%$*+&' 8%#(8'1&%3+00',%&'WYC'%@+&'0+@+&4:'>+4&09' B,"('>%/$*'P.Y0T N#$*'$*+'&+3+($:>'4"%1$+"'N%&k'1:4('UHIGI' ;*+' *$' $%' *+4:$*' #0' 0$4$+"' #(' 64(>' #(d /0+T'J$'(++"0'$%']+'$43k:+"',&%6'4'(/6]+&' -' HIGQV' %, ' WYCg0' !/&%1+4(' X+8#%(' &+d .&400&%%$0'03%/$#(8'#0'#('#$0+:, '4'"+@+:%1d $+&(4$#%(4:' 3%(@+($#%(09' (%$4]:>' $*+' %, ' "#,,+&+($' 411&%43*+0' 4("' #(3:/"#(8' 4(' 4,,#&6#(8' $*4$' #$' #0' 4' *#8*' 1&#%&#$>' ,%&' $*+' 6+($' 43$#@#$>T' WYC' *4@+' 4' 0$&%(8' ,%3/0' )%(@+($#%('%('$*+'X#8*$0'%, '$*+')*#:"'4("' 411&%43*' $*4$' +6]&43+0' 8+("+&' +M/4:d 6%@+6+($T %(' (%(d,%&64:' +"/34$#%(' 4("' ,#&6:>' ]+d $*+' J($+&(4$#%(4:' )%@+(4($' %(' !3%(%6#39' #$>T''.#&:0'4("'>%/(8'N%6+('4&+'$*+'8&%/1' :#+@+'$*4$'+"/34$#%('#0'4'6/:$#d,43+$+"',/(d C%3#4:' 4("' 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- 28. 54 55 National Youth Council of Ireland (NYCI) 3.7 MIGRATION l46]#4d'J&+:4("'!L3*4(8+ #8&4$#%(' #0' 4' 8:%]4:' 1*+(%6+(%(' +(d ,%&' #(0$4(3+' %(:>' Gj' %, ' B,"(0' 6%@+' $%' PF)J' &/(0' 4(' +L3*4(8+' 1&%8&466+' ,%&' ;*+' +L3*4(8+' #0' &/(' #(' 400%3#4$#%(' SI'OHI' $&+(3*+"' #(' $*+' /(+M/4:' "#0$&#]/$#%(' %, ' !/&%1+T'B0'0$4$#0$#30'3:+4&:>'#("#34$+9'$*+&+' >%/$*' N%&k+&0' ,&%6' l46]#4' 4("' J&+:4("T' !"/34$#(8' 4("' B3$#(8' ,%&' 4' K+$$+&' W%&:"' N+4:$*' 4("' $*+' +L#0$#(8' "#03&+14(3#+0' #(' #0'4'"#&+3$'3%&&+:4$#%(']+$N++('+6#8&4$#%(' C#(3+' 0$4&$#(8' #(' HII`9' `H' >%/$*' N%&kd N*%' +(848+' #(' "+@+:%16+($' +"/34$#%(' #(' $*+' :+@+:0' %, ' "+@+:%16+($' 46%(8' "#,,+&d &4$+0'4("':+@+:0'%, '*/64('"+@+:%16+($T' +&0' *4@+' 14&$#3#14$+"T' ;*+' 4#6' %, ' $*+' +Ld l46]#4T'2&+d"+14&$/&+'4("',%::%Nd/1'6++$d +($'4&+40'%, '$*+'N%&:"T'J, '6#8&4$#%(',:%N0' 3*4(8+' #0' $%' 0*4&+' 8%%"' >%/$*' N%&k'1&43d #(80' 4&+' %&84(#0+"' ,%&' 14&$#3#14($0' 4("' Part III- Youth (Development) Policy Part III- Youth (Development) Policy $4k+'4:0%'1:43+',&%6'$*+'C%/$*'$%'$*+'P%&$*' B&%/("' cj' %, ' #($+&(4$#%(4:' 6#8&4($0' 4&+' $#3+'f'*#8*:#8*$'k+>'"+@+:%16+($'4("'A/0$#3+' %&84(#04$#%(0' 4&+' +(3%/&48+"' $%' "#&+3$:>' %, ' $*+' N%&:"9' #$' #0' #61%&$4($' $%' /("+&:#(+' &+,/8++09'(/6]+&#(8'G_'6#::#%('#('$%$4:T'B' #00/+0' ,%&' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' #(' ]%$*' 3%/($&#+0' 3%($43$' %(+' 4(%$*+&T' ;*+' 64#(' 3%66/(#d $*4$' #($+&(4:' 6#8&4($0' Uc_I' 6#::#%(V' %/$d 6#(%&#$>'%, '`II9III'6%@+'$%'4'"+@+:%1+"' 4("' 1&%6%$+' :#(k#(8' ]+$N++(' >%/$*' N%&k' 34$#%('$%%:0'/0+"']>'$*+'%&84(#04$#%(0'4("' (/6]+&' #($+&(4$#%(4:' 6#8&4($0' UHII' 6#:d 3%/($&>' N#$*' $*+' 4#6' %, ' 0++k#(8' 40>:/6T' 0$&/3$/&+0' #(' J&+:4("' 4("' l46]#4T' ;*+' +Ld $*+' #("#@#"/4:' 14&$#3#14($0' 4&+' +64#:' 4("' :#%(V'4("'$*4$'$*+'64A%&#$>'%, '6#8&4($0'"%' ;*+',#8/&+0'&+:4$#(8'$%'#($+&(4::>'"#01:43+"' 3*4(8+' *411+(0' +43*' P%@+6]+&9' 3%#(3#"d =43+]%%kT' (%$'6%@+'(+3+004&#:>',&%6'4'"+@+:%1#(8'$%' 1+%1:+' 4&+' 6/3*' *#8*+&9' +0$#64$+"' 4$' Ha' #(8'N#$*'$*+'4((/4:'Y(+'W%&:"'W++k'UYWWV' 4' "+@+:%1+"' 3%/($&>T' J("++"9' $*+' 64A%&#$>' 6#::#%('#('HIIRT'J($+&(4$#%(4:'*/64('*$0' #('J&+:4("T'K%$*'$*+'+L3*4(8+'4("'YWW'4&+' %, ' #($+&(4$#%(4:' 6#8&4($0' 6%@+' ,&%6' %(+' :4N' &+M/#&+0' 8%@+&(6+($0' $%' 8/4&4($++' #(,%&6+"']>'$*+'D.09'14&$#3/:4&:>'.%4:'S' "+@+:%1#(8'3%/($&>'$%'4(%$*+&'%&']+$N++(' ,/("46+($4:' *$0' $%' &+,/8++0' #(3:/"#(8' N*#3*'34::0',%&'4'8:%]4:'14&$(+&0*#1',%&'"+d "+@+:%1+"' 3%/($&#+09' N*#:+' 4' 6#(%&#$>' UcI' ,&++"%6' ,&%6' "#03#(4$#%(' 4("' *$' $%' @+:%16+($9'4("']>'4'&+3%8(#$#%('$*4$'>%/(8' 6#::#%(V'6%@+',&%6'4'"+@+:%1#(8'3%/($&>'$%' (%$' $%' ]+' &+$/&(+"' U(%(d&+,%/:+6+($V' $%' 4' 1+%1:+' 4&+' +00+($#4:' 43$%&0' ,%&' 3*4(8+' :%d 4'"+@+:%1+"'%(+THI 3%/($&>' N*+&+' $*+>' 6#8*$' ]+' 1+&0+3/$+"T' 34::>'4("'8:%]4::>T'J(']%$*'3%/($&#+09'>%/(8' )%($&4&>'$%'$*+'3:4#60'%,$+('64"+']>'0%6+' 1+%1:+' *4@+' $*+' %11%&$/(#$>' $%' #($+&43$' P+@+&$*+:+009' $*+' :#(k' ]+$N++(' 6#8&4$#%(' 1%:#3>'64k+&09'$*+'(/6]+&'%, '40>:/6'0++kd N#$*' $*+' @#0#$#(8' >%/$*' N%&k+&0' 4("' *#8*d 4("'#(+M/4:#$>'#0'4('#61%&$4($'%(+'40'6%&+' +&0'#('"+@+:%1+"'3%/($&#+0'%@+&4::'&+64#(0' :#8*$' 0#6#:4&#$#+0' 4("' "#,,+&+(3+0' ]+$N++(' $*4(' $*&++' M/4&$+&' %, ' #($+&(4$#%(4:' 6#d M/#$+'0$4]:+f'#('$*+'!e'#$'*40'#(3&+40+"'%(:>' $*+#&'+L1+&#+(3+0T 8&4($0'6%@+'$%'4'3%/($&>'N*+&+'$*+'*/64(' ]>'Qj',&%6'HIIS'$%'HIIRT ' HG "+@+:%16+($'#("+L'#0'*#8*+&'$*4('$*+'3%/(d $&>'%, '%#(T'J, '6#8&4$#%('#0'34/0+"']>'@#%d :4$#%(0'%, '*$09'3%(,:#3$09'1%@+&$>'4("'3:#d 64$+'3*4(8+9'$*+'1%%&+0$'+L1+&#+(3+'6%&+' "#,,#3/:$#+0'$%'6%@+'4("'#("++"'6%@+':+00'f' HIT'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'D+@+:%16+($'2&%8&466+9'HIGIT'7/64('D+@+:%16+($'X+1%&$'HIGI'h%(:#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$' ' *$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#43+($&+^'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi HGT'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'D+@+:%16+($'2&%8&466+9'HIIRT'7/64('D+@+:%16+($'X+1%&$'HIIR'h%(:#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$' ' *$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#4^*"&qHIIRq!PqC/664&>T1", 'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi
- 29. 56 57 F%/(8' 1+%1:+' 3%(0$#$/$+' 4' 3%(0#"+&4]:+' 0*%&$48+'%, '0k#::0'%('$*+'!/&%1+4('64&k+$T' CONCLUSIONS : 0*4&+'%, '#($+&(4$#%(4:'6#8&4($0'f'>%/$*'/(d Y(' $*+' %$*+&' *4("9' $*+' >%/$*' 1+&01+3$#@+' "+&'$*+'48+'%, 'HR'&+1&+0+($0'#("++"'*4:, '%, ' N#$*#(' 6#8&4$#%(' 4("' "+@+:%16+($' 1%:#d $*+' 8:%]4:' 6#8&4($' ,:%N0T' J, ' >%/(8' 1+%1:+' 3#+0'0*%/:"']+'0$&+(8$*+(+"T 'K4&&#+&0'$%' H_ 34(']+(+,#$',&%6'01+3#,#3'84#(0',&%6'6#8&4$d #(89'$*+>'4:0%'+L1+&#+(3+'64(>'3*4::+(8+0T' $*+' ,&++"%6' %, ' 6%@+6+($' %, ' >%/(8' 1+%d 1:+'0*%/:"']+'&+6%@+"'#('%&"+&'$%'1&%@#"+' FROM WORDS !"/34$#%(4:'84#(0'4&+'3:+4&:>'400%3#4$+"'$%' >%/(8'6#8&4($0'6%@#(8',&%6'"+@+:%1#(8'$%' $*+6'N#$*',/&$*+&'%11%&$/(#$#+0'#('$*+',#+:"' %, '+"/34$#%('4("'+61:%>6+($T'H` TO ACTION ! 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- 30. 58 59 List of Acronyms B)2'-'B,"(')4&#]]+4('4("'$*+'243#,#3 B!.!!'-'B00%3#4$#%('"+0'!$4$0'.x(x&4/L'"+0'!$/"#4($0'"+':g!/&%1+^ ' ' ' ' !/&%1+4('C$/"+($0g'=%&/6' )P5'-'2%&$/8/+0+'P4$#%(4:'F%/$*')%/(3#: )Y!'-')%/(3#:'%, '+6]+&0 DB)'-'D+@+:%16+($'B00#0$4(3+')%66#$$++ DKFP'-'D%('K%03%'F%/$*'P+$N%&k !F)!'-'!3/6+(#34:'F%/$*')%/(3#:'#('!/&%1+ WW$6(,@.('@,<$+,9$%:+;&+.@(,$5' WW$?*1(A'+.@A$2+'.@A@)+.@(,$@8$X*B$5$ =BY'-'=%%"'4("'B8/:$/&+'Y&84(#04$#%('%, '$*+'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0 ;*+' @4:/+' %, ' $*+' 3%66#$6+($' %, ' >%/(8' 0#(3+'6%&+'$*4('*4:, '%, '$*+'N%&:"'1%1/:4d =J)B2'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:'=+"+&4$#%('%, ')4$*%:#3'24&%3*#4:'F%/$*'%@+6+($0 1+%1:+' #(@%:@+"' #(' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' #0' $#%('#0':+00'$*4('$*#&$>'>+4&0'%:"9'8:%]4:'4("' .)B2'-'.:%]4:')4::',%&'B3$#%('B84#(0$'2%@+&$> *4&":>' 6+40/&4]:+' N#$*' ,43$0' 4("' ,#8/&+09' &+8#%(4:' #(0$#$/$#%(0' 0*%/:"' $4k+' $*#0' ,43$' .)))'-'.:%]4:')%%1+&4$#%(')%%&"#(4$#%(')%66#$$++ ]+34/0+'#$'#0'(%$'6+&+:>']40+"'%('1&%A+3$' #($%' 3%(0#"+&4$#%(T' F%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' .D2'-'.&%00'D%6+0$#3'2&%"/3$' Conclusions : From words to action ! %/$3%6+0']/$'#0'$*+'&+0/:$'%, ':#,+d:%(8'1&%d 1&%@#"+'$*+'*$'3*4((+:'$%'$4k+'4('43$#@+' .PJ'-'.&%00'P4$#%(4:'J(3%6+ 3+00+0' N*#3*' 34(' ]+' ,/::>' 400+00+"' %(:>' &%:+'#('$*+'3%66/(#$>'4("'$%'64k+'>%/(8' 7J<^BJDC'-'7/64('J66/(%"+,#3#+(3>'<#&/0'^'B3M/#&+"'J66/(+'D+,#3#+(3>'C>("&%6+ List of Acronyms #(' $*+' :%(8' $+&6T' P+@+&$*+:+009' (%(d8%@d 1+%1:+' &+4:' 48+($0' %, ' 3*4(8+T' ;*#0' #0' $*+' J)!C)X'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:')%@+(4($'%('!3%(%6#3'C%3#4:'4("')/:$/&4:'X#8*$0' +&(6+($4:' >%/$*' %&84(#04$#%(0' 4("' "+@+:d 8&+4$+0$'3%($&#]/$#%('%, '>%/$*'P.Y0'$%'"+d J)FY'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:')%%&"#(4$#%('++$#(8'%, 'F%/$*'Y&84(#04$#%(0 %16+($' #(0$#$/$#%(0' 0*%/:"' A%#(' ,%&3+0' $%' @+:%16+($'4("'#$'"+0+&@+0'411&%1$+'4("' J=CB'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:'=+"+&4$#%('%, '+"#34:'C$/"+($0g'B00%3#4$#%(0 3&+4$+'3%(3&+$+'$%%:0'$%'6%(#$%&'4("'+@4:d 01+3#,#3'&+3%8(#$#%(T J=dC!J'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:'=4:3%('%@+6+($'-'C%3#4:#0$'!"/34$#%('J($+&(4$#%(4: /4$+' $*+' #6143$' %, ' >%/$*' 14&$#3#14$#%(' #(' JEY'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:'E4]%/&'Y&84(#04$#%( "+@+:%16+($'1%:#3#+0'4("'$*+'&+:+@4(3+'%, ' JP.FY'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:'P%('.%@+&(6+($4:'F%/$*'Y&84(#04$#%( $*+' >%/$*d:+"' "+@+:%16+($' 1&%A+3$0T' ;*+' JY'-'J($+&(4$#%(4:'Y&84(#p4$#%(',%&'#8&4$#%( )%66%(N+4:$*' 2:4(' %, ' B3$#%(' ,%&' F%/$*' J2))'-'J($+&d8%@+&(6+($4:'24(+:'%('):#64$+')*4(8+ !61%N+&6+($' ,%&' $*+' 1+&#%"' HIIadHIG`' ECe'-'CN+"#0*'P4$#%(4:'F%/$*')%/(3#: #0' 4' 8%%"' +L461:+' #(' $*#0' "#&+3$#%(9' ]+d D.'-'#::+((#/6'D+@+:%16+($'.%4: 34/0+'#$',%&+0++0'$*+'0+$$#(8'/1'%, '4'F%/$*' PF)J'-'P4$#%(4:'F%/$*')%/(3#:'%, 'J&+:4(" D+@+:%16+($'J("+L'$%'6%(#$%&'$*+'0#$/4$#%(' Y!)D'-'Y&84(#04$#%(',%&'!3%(%6#3')%%1+&4$#%('4("'D+@+:%16+($' %, ' >%/(8' 1+%1:+T' ;*+0+' #("#34$%&0' 0*%/:"' 2XC20'-'2%@+&$>'X+"/3$#%('C$&4$+8>'241+&0 ]+' 3%61:+6+($4&>' ]%$*' $%' $*+' 7/64(' C)J'-'C+&@#3+')#@#:'J($+&(4$#%(4: D+@+:%16+($'J("+L'4("'$*+'D.'$4&8+$0T CB5<^)CB5'-'CN#00'P4$#%(4:'F%/$*')%/(3#: C;J'-'C+L/4:';&4(06#$$+"'J(,+3$#%( F=5'-'!/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/6 eP=2B'-'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'2%1/:4$#%('=/("' ePD2'-'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'D+@+:%16+($'2&%8&466+ eP'J)!CX'-'e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'J($+&(4$#%(4:')%@+(4($'%('!3%(%6#39'C%3#4:'4("')/:$/&4:'X#8*$0 WB...C'-'W%&:"'B00%3#4$#%('%, '.#&:'./#"+0'4("'.#&:'C3%/$0 WYC'-'W%&:"'Y&84(#04$#%('%, '$*+'C3%/$'%@+6+($ W2BF'-'W%&:"'2&%8&466+'%, 'B3$#%(',%&'F%/$*
- 31. 60 61 References !/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/69'HIIcT&I"4-D8&I03.(&"1&@D%-.,-15&6J#04-$8&K.$/..1&L").1&M&:.1' C$+&(9'PT9'HIIaT'<%.&6D"1")-D+&"A&74-)0$.&7%015.T')46]&#"8+9')46]&#"8+'e(#@+&0#$>' h%(:#(+i'K&/00+:0T'B@4#:4]:+'4$'yNNNT>%/$*,%&/6T%&8^#648+0^0$%&#+0^D%3/6+($0^ 2&+00 7/64(qX#8*$0^IaS`dIcq.!M/4:#$>q,#(4:T1", 'hB33+00+"'GI'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi' e(#$+"'P4$#%(09'HIIcT'O$#2.1$&R"-D.+&@50-1+$&I",.($8'h%(:#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$' !/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/69'HIIST&6#("3.01&8"#$%&A-5%$-15&050-1+$&74-)0$.&7%015.'h%(:#(+iT' *$$1'O^^NNNT/(T%&8^6#::+((#/68%4:0^>%/$*T0*$6:'h433+00+"'GG'C+1$+6]+&' B@4#:4]:+'4$'y*$$1'O^^NNNT>%/$*,%&/6T%&8^#648+0^0$%&#+0^D%3/6+($0^!61:%>6+($q 4("qC%3#4:qB,,4#&0^I_QSdISq):#64$+q=JPBET1", 'hB33+00+"'_'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi'' e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'D+@+:%16+($'2&%8&466+9'HIIRT&N#)01&=.,.4"3).1$&Q.3"($&STTU'h%(d :#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$'*$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#4^*"&qHIIRq!PqC/664&>T1", ' !/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/69'HIIST'I"4-D8&I03.(&!"#$%&M&:-5(0$-"1'h%(:#(+i'K&/00+:0T'B@4#:4]:+' hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi 4$'y*$$1'O^^NNNT>%/$*,%&/6T%&8^+(^0>0$+6^,#:+0^>,Aq1/]:#3^0$&4$+8#3q1&#%&#$#+0^ +(^GIaRdIcq#8&4$#%(q=#(4:q1", 'hB33+00+"'c'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi' e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'D+@+:%16+($'2&%8&466+9'HIGIT'N#)01&=.,.4"3).1$&Q.3"($&STVT&h%(d :#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$'*$$1'O^^*"&T/("1T%&8^+(^6+"#43+($&+^'hB33+00+"'H'Y3$%]+&' !/&%1+4('F%/$*'=%&/69'HIIST'I"4-D8&I03.(&"1&$%.&N.04$%&012&L.44&K.-15&"A&!"#15& HIGIi I."34.&h%(:#(+i'K&/00+:0T'B@4#:4]:+'4$'y*$$1'O^^NNNT>%/$*,%&/6T%&8^#648+0^0$%&#+0^ D%3/6+($0^!61:%>6+($q4("qC%3#4:qB,,4#&0^Ic_GdISq=#(4:q7+4:$*qW+::d]+#(8T1", ' e(#$+"'P4$#%(0'X+0%:/$#%('B^X!C^a_^GQ_&"A&VW&=.D.)9.(&STTU&"A&I("D40)0$-"1&"A&STVT& hB33+00+"'_'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi 0+&P1$.(10$-"104&!.0(&"A&!"#$%'h%(:#(+i'P+N'F%&kT'B@4#:4]:+'4$'*$$1'O^^NNNT/(T%&8^+(^ References References 84^a_^&+0%:/$#%(0T0*$6:'hB33+00+"'c'B/8/0$'HIGIi' =%%"'4("'B8/:$/&+'Y&84(#04$#%('%, '$*+'eP9'HIGIT'<%.&O$0$.&"A&'""2&P1+.D#(-$8&-1&$%.& L"(42'h%(:#(+i'X%6+T'B@4#:4]:+'4$'*$$1'O^^NNNT,4%T%&8^"%3&+1^IGQ^#GaSQ+^#GaSQ+T1", ' W+0$%(9'KT7T'4("'K43*9';T9'Q.D04-9(0$-15&$%.&X0/&"A&N#)01+&/-$%&$%.&X0/+&"A&;0$#(.&?& hB33+00+"'GH'P%@+6]+&'HIGIi 74-)0$.&7%015.Y&N#)01&Q-5%$+&012&P1$.(5.1.(0$-"104&Z#+$-D.&h%(:#(+i'<+&6%($9'J%N4' h2/]:#0*+"'HIIRi'B@4#:4]:+'4$'*$$1'O^^#($+&(4$#%(4:T/#%N4T+"/^3+($+&0^*/64(d*$0^ J($+&(4$#%(4:'E4]%/&'Y&84(#p4$#%(9'HIGIT'>4"904&6)34"8).1$&<(.12+&A"(&!"#$%&h%(d "%3/6+($0^)EJq2%:#3>q241+&T1", 'hB33+00+"'HR'C+1$+6]+&'HIIRi :#(+i'.+(+@4T'B@4#:4]:+'4$'NNNT#:%T%&8^+61+:6^N*4$^1/]0^:4(8dd+(^"%3P46+ddW)d CqG_QQ_R^#("+LT*$6'hB33+00+"'GQ'Y3$%]+&'HIGIi F%/$*'=%&/6'%, '$*+'!/&%1+4(')%66/(#$#+0'UGRSHV'!"#$%&'"(#)[+&,-./+&012&3("3"+04+& (.50(2-15&$%.&6#("3.01&7"))#1-$8[+&7"1$(-9#$-"1&$"&2.,.4"3).1$9'K&/00+:0T'B"%1$+"'4$'$*+' J($+&(4$#%(4:'E4]%/&'Y&84(#p4$#%(9'HIGIT&'0D$&O%..$&"1&=.D.1$&L"(H&012&$%.&:-44.11-#)& !L+3/$#@+')%66#$$++'`da'P%@+6]+&'GRSH =.,.4"3).1$&>"04+&h%(:#(+i'.+(+@4T'B@4#:4]:+'4$'yNNNT#:%34&#]T%&8T$$^TTT^F%/$*jjHI !61:%>6+($^=43$C*++$6"8ST1", 'hB33+00+"'Gc'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi '' J($+&(4$#%(4:'%(+$4&>'=/("9'HIGIT&'0D$&+%..$&"1&I",.($8&Q.2#D$-"1&O$(0$.58&I03.(+& h%(:#(+i'W40*#(8$%(T'B@4#:4]:+'4$'NNNT#6,T%&8^+L$+&(4:^(1^+L&^3%($43$0^3%($43$0T401L' hB33+00+"'HR'C+1$+6]+&'HIGIi C%3#4:'W4$3*'P+$N%&k9'HIIRT':-5(01$+&-1&6#("3.&0+&=.,.4"3).1$&@D$"(+'h%(:#(+i' %($+@#"+%T'B@4#:4]:+'4$'*$$1'O^^%(+N%&:"0++T%&8^(%"+^GR`SR'hB33+00+"'S'C+1$+6]+&' HIGIi