The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of quinapril ...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Quinapril and Tolcapone tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a Mixed Phosphate buffer (KH2PO4 +K2HPO4): Acetonitrile 40:60, with detection of 239 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 50 - 150 µg /ml for Quinapril (r2 =0.995) and 62.5- 187.5µg /ml for Tolcapone (r2 =0.999) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim.
The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
This document describes the development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of four active pharmaceutical ingredients: pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and domperidone. The method was developed using a C18 column with gradient elution of a mobile phase consisting of buffer and organic solvents. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness. Forced degradation studies subjected the drugs to acid, base, oxidation, heat, and light conditions in order to evaluate the method's ability to separate drugs from degradation products.
This article describes the development and validation of a simple reverse phase HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of diazepam in pharmaceutical dosage forms. A C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile, methanol and phosphate buffer at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used to achieve good resolution and retention of diazepam at 6.23 minutes. The method was validated and found to be linear, precise, accurate, sensitive and robust for the analysis of diazepam in tablets with recoveries ranging from 99.4-100.3%.
Stability indicating method development and validation for the simultaneous e...pharmaindexing
Stability indicating method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole sodium and ketorolac tromethamine in bulk and synthetic mixture by RP-HPLC
Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of dapagliflozin in bulk a...SriramNagarajan19
A simple, specific, accurate, precise and stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method is developed for estimation of Dapagliflozin (DGF) in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. The method employed, Hypersil BDS C18 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 mm column in isocratic mode with mobile phase of 0.1% Ortho phosphoric acid buffer and acetonitrile 50:50% v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min-1 and effluent was monitored at 245 nm using PDA detector. The injection volume was 10 µl and the total runtime was set as 5min. The retention time for DGF was found to be 2.226min.The method was validated in terms of Linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) etc. in accordance with ICH guidelines. Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot showed that there was a good linear relationship between response and concentration in the range of 25 - 150 µg/ml respectively. The LOD and LOQ values for HPLC method were found to be 0.04 and 0.121 µg/ml respectively. No chromatographic interference from the tablet excipients was found. The proposed method was successfully used for estimation of Dapagliflozin (DGF) in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
This document summarizes the development and validation of a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of carbamazepine in controlled-release tablets. The method uses a Hypersil ODS V column with a mobile phase of water, methanol and methylene chloride. Method validation included tests for accuracy, precision, robustness and linearity according to ICH guidelines. The results of the validation tests confirmed the method is accurate, precise and robust for the quantitative analysis of carbamazepine in controlled-release tablets.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATIO...rahul ampati
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ramipril and amlodipine in tablets. The method utilizes a gradient elution with a C18 column, mobile phase of acetonitrile and sodium perchlorate buffer, and UV detection. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and showed good linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. Forced degradation studies demonstrated the method can separate ramipril, amlodipine and their degradation products. The method was successfully applied to determine the content of ramipril and amlodipine in three tablet batches.
This document presents a comparative study of three research papers on RP-HPLC method development and validation for the estimation of diclofenac sodium from tablet dosage forms. The objective is to determine the most effective and cost-efficient method. The materials and methods from each paper are compared based on preparation of standard and sample solutions, run time, and validation parameters. The results show that Paper 1 has the fastest run time of 10 minutes and is more accurate, precise, sensitive and cost-effective than Papers 2 and 3. Paper 1 uses a more optimal column dimension. In conclusion, the RP-HPLC method from Paper 1 is deemed superior for the quantitative analysis of diclofenac sodium in tablet dosage forms.
Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of quinapril ...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Quinapril and Tolcapone tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a Mixed Phosphate buffer (KH2PO4 +K2HPO4): Acetonitrile 40:60, with detection of 239 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 50 - 150 µg /ml for Quinapril (r2 =0.995) and 62.5- 187.5µg /ml for Tolcapone (r2 =0.999) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim.
The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
This document describes the development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of four active pharmaceutical ingredients: pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and domperidone. The method was developed using a C18 column with gradient elution of a mobile phase consisting of buffer and organic solvents. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness. Forced degradation studies subjected the drugs to acid, base, oxidation, heat, and light conditions in order to evaluate the method's ability to separate drugs from degradation products.
This article describes the development and validation of a simple reverse phase HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of diazepam in pharmaceutical dosage forms. A C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile, methanol and phosphate buffer at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used to achieve good resolution and retention of diazepam at 6.23 minutes. The method was validated and found to be linear, precise, accurate, sensitive and robust for the analysis of diazepam in tablets with recoveries ranging from 99.4-100.3%.
Stability indicating method development and validation for the simultaneous e...pharmaindexing
Stability indicating method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole sodium and ketorolac tromethamine in bulk and synthetic mixture by RP-HPLC
Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of dapagliflozin in bulk a...SriramNagarajan19
A simple, specific, accurate, precise and stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method is developed for estimation of Dapagliflozin (DGF) in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. The method employed, Hypersil BDS C18 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 mm column in isocratic mode with mobile phase of 0.1% Ortho phosphoric acid buffer and acetonitrile 50:50% v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min-1 and effluent was monitored at 245 nm using PDA detector. The injection volume was 10 µl and the total runtime was set as 5min. The retention time for DGF was found to be 2.226min.The method was validated in terms of Linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) etc. in accordance with ICH guidelines. Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot showed that there was a good linear relationship between response and concentration in the range of 25 - 150 µg/ml respectively. The LOD and LOQ values for HPLC method were found to be 0.04 and 0.121 µg/ml respectively. No chromatographic interference from the tablet excipients was found. The proposed method was successfully used for estimation of Dapagliflozin (DGF) in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
This document summarizes the development and validation of a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of carbamazepine in controlled-release tablets. The method uses a Hypersil ODS V column with a mobile phase of water, methanol and methylene chloride. Method validation included tests for accuracy, precision, robustness and linearity according to ICH guidelines. The results of the validation tests confirmed the method is accurate, precise and robust for the quantitative analysis of carbamazepine in controlled-release tablets.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATIO...rahul ampati
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ramipril and amlodipine in tablets. The method utilizes a gradient elution with a C18 column, mobile phase of acetonitrile and sodium perchlorate buffer, and UV detection. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and showed good linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. Forced degradation studies demonstrated the method can separate ramipril, amlodipine and their degradation products. The method was successfully applied to determine the content of ramipril and amlodipine in three tablet batches.
This document presents a comparative study of three research papers on RP-HPLC method development and validation for the estimation of diclofenac sodium from tablet dosage forms. The objective is to determine the most effective and cost-efficient method. The materials and methods from each paper are compared based on preparation of standard and sample solutions, run time, and validation parameters. The results show that Paper 1 has the fastest run time of 10 minutes and is more accurate, precise, sensitive and cost-effective than Papers 2 and 3. Paper 1 uses a more optimal column dimension. In conclusion, the RP-HPLC method from Paper 1 is deemed superior for the quantitative analysis of diclofenac sodium in tablet dosage forms.
This document describes a spectrofluorimetry method for determining nalidixic acid concentrations in human plasma. The method involves extracting nalidixic acid from plasma samples using chloroform and analyzing the samples using a spectrofluorimeter. The method was used to analyze plasma samples from a study comparing the bioavailability of a new generic nalidixic acid tablet formulation to a standard brand name formulation. Results of in vitro tests like dissolution and assay showed the new generic formulation was comparable to the standard. Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma concentration data from subjects who received the formulations found no significant differences between the products.
naltrexone and buropion RP-HPLC best research paper award 2014 Naveen Chennamaneni
This document presents a study that developed and validated a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of naltrexone and bupropion. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was able to separate naltrexone and bupropion peaks within 5 minutes using a C18 column and mobile phase of pH 4.5 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile. The method was linear, precise, accurate, specific, and sensitive for determining naltrexone and bupropion concentrations in the presence of degradation products formed under ICH-recommended stress conditions.
1. A new RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
2. The method involved using a C18 column, mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 60:40, and detection at 224 nm.
3. The method was found to be linear, precise, accurate, specific, robust and suitable for the routine analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in quality control labs.
Method Development and Validation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate by Reverse Phase-...SriramNagarajan15
A new, simple sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Clopidogrel bisulphate was chromatographed on a reverse phase C18column (150 mm x 4.5 mm, i.d 5μm) in a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH: 3.0) in the ratio of 60:40 % v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with detection at 224 nm. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 50-150 μg /ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 1.3 and 4.2 µg/ml, respectively. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 2%. The mean recovery of the drug from the solution was 99.79%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Key words: Clopidogrel bisulphate, RP-HPLC, Validation, Accuracy, Precision.
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in human plasma. It provides background on tuberculosis and the common drugs used to treat it. The document reviews several literature methods for analyzing these drugs and discusses the drug profiles. It states that the objective is to develop a sensitive analytical method to quantitatively determine the drugs and metabolites in biological fluids to evaluate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Simultaneous estimation and validation of atenolol hydrochloro thiazide and l...srirampharma
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan K from pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 70:30 delivered at 1.2 mL/min. The drugs were detected at 229 nm and provided good resolution and peak symmetry. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, robustness, and solution stability. The method was applied to a commercial tablet dosage form and found to provide accurate results within 100% of the labeled claim for each drug.
Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chl...ijtsrd
A simple, precise and accurate multiple analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in bulk and tablet formulations by reversed-phase liquid chromatographic and UV-Visible spectrophotometric techniques. The chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 analytical column. A mixture of Methanol 0.1 Ortho-phosphoric acid 75 25 was used as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1mL min and detection wavelength at 295 nm. The retention time of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide was found to be 4.69 and 5.45 min respectively. The linear dynamic ranges for HPLC were from 2-10 µg mL and for simultaneous equation method, derivative spectroscopy, Q-ratio Absorbance method, Dual wavelength it was 10-30 µg mL for both Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide. The percentage recovery obtained for Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide were 100.93 and 102.19 respectively for RP-HPLC, 9.7 and 100.1 for simultaneous equation method of CZ and NIM respectively, 99.97 and 99.78 for derivative spectroscopy of CZ and NIM respectively, 101.37 and 99.48 for Q-ratio Absorbance method of CZ and NIM respectively, 100.13 and 99.96 for dual wavelength method of CZ and NIM respectively. The validation of the proposed methods were carried out for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness. The developed method can be used for routine quality control analysis of titled drugs in combination in tablet formulation. Swetha Yarramsetti | A. Elphine Prabahar | Rama Rao Nadendla "Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21503.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/21503/multiple-method-development-and-validation-for--simultaneous-estimation-of-chlorzoxazone-and--nimesulide-in-bulk-and-pharmaceutical-dosage-form/swetha-yarramsetti
Differential spectrophotometric method for estimation and validation of verap...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to development of the simple, rapid and sensitive Differential spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Verapamil in tablet dosage form. In this method two medium was use acid and alkaline and the difference spectrum was calculated. 0.1N HCL and 0.1N NaOH was used in this differential method. The λmax 278, Beers law limits 5-25µg/ml, regression equation Y= 0.024x-0.009, slope 0.024, intercept 0.09, correlation coefficient (r2) 0.998, %RSD <1.5, % Recovery (Tablet) 100.46% was shows the good efficacy and results. This method future scope in quality control of the verapamil in simple, precise and economically and it recommended for the routine drug quality analysis investigation
Development and Validation of the HPLC Method for the Analysis of Ametridio...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
An emerging way of estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide i...Priyanka Bose
The document describes the development and validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms. The method was developed using absorbance correction and involved preparation of calibration curves for both drugs in the range of 1-20 μg/ml and 1-15 μg/ml, respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found to be precise, accurate, specific, robust and repeatable as indicated by the %RSD and %recovery values obtained during the validation experiments. The developed method can be effectively used for the routine quality control analysis of the drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
This document presents a kinetic-spectrophotometric method for quantifying the drug diclofenac. The method involves measuring the rate of the redox reaction between diclofenac and potassium permanganate in a strong acidic environment. The initial slope of the absorbance over time plot is linearly related to the initial diclofenac concentration. The method was found to have good precision and accuracy for quantifying diclofenac in pure form and pharmaceutical tablets. Validation studies showed the method has a linear range of 5-23 ppm for diclofenac quantification. The method was determined to be simple, rapid and specific for diclofenac analysis without sample extraction steps.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Simultaneous estimation of meclizine and nicotinic acid by using RP-HPLCpharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Meclizine and Nicotinic acid. The method utilizes a mobile phase of acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The retention times were 3.01 minutes for Meclizine and 6.07 minutes for Nicotinic acid. The method was validated and found to be accurate, precise, specific, linear, robust, sensitive and able to quantify the drugs in tablet dosage forms without interference from other components.
This document describes methods for the quantitative determination and analysis of Promethazine Hydrochloride and Prasugrel Hydrochloride using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) through spectrophotometric studies. Calibration curves were constructed for both drugs using FCR and results were validated in terms of limits of detection, quantification, accuracy and precision. The developed methods were applied to pharmaceutical formulations containing the drugs and found to give satisfactory recoveries. Various factors affecting the absorbance were also optimized.
This document describes the development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of four active pharmaceutical ingredients: pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and domperidone. The method was developed using a C18 column with gradient elution of a mobile phase consisting of buffer and organic solvents. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness. Forced degradation studies subjected the drugs to acid, base, oxidation, heat, and light conditions in order to evaluate the method's ability to separate drugs from degradation products.
Stability indicating analytical method development and validation for estimat...SriramNagarajan18
Stability indicating analytical method development and validation for estimation of Ceftazidime and Avibactam in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using RP-HPLC
This document describes a spectrofluorimetry method for determining nalidixic acid concentrations in human plasma. The method involves extracting nalidixic acid from plasma samples using chloroform and analyzing the samples using a spectrofluorimeter. The method was used to analyze plasma samples from a study comparing the bioavailability of a new generic nalidixic acid tablet formulation to a standard brand name formulation. Results of in vitro tests like dissolution and assay showed the new generic formulation was comparable to the standard. Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma concentration data from subjects who received the formulations found no significant differences between the products.
naltrexone and buropion RP-HPLC best research paper award 2014 Naveen Chennamaneni
This document presents a study that developed and validated a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of naltrexone and bupropion. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was able to separate naltrexone and bupropion peaks within 5 minutes using a C18 column and mobile phase of pH 4.5 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile. The method was linear, precise, accurate, specific, and sensitive for determining naltrexone and bupropion concentrations in the presence of degradation products formed under ICH-recommended stress conditions.
1. A new RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
2. The method involved using a C18 column, mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 60:40, and detection at 224 nm.
3. The method was found to be linear, precise, accurate, specific, robust and suitable for the routine analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in quality control labs.
Method Development and Validation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate by Reverse Phase-...SriramNagarajan15
A new, simple sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Clopidogrel bisulphate was chromatographed on a reverse phase C18column (150 mm x 4.5 mm, i.d 5μm) in a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH: 3.0) in the ratio of 60:40 % v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with detection at 224 nm. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 50-150 μg /ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 1.3 and 4.2 µg/ml, respectively. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 2%. The mean recovery of the drug from the solution was 99.79%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Key words: Clopidogrel bisulphate, RP-HPLC, Validation, Accuracy, Precision.
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in human plasma. It provides background on tuberculosis and the common drugs used to treat it. The document reviews several literature methods for analyzing these drugs and discusses the drug profiles. It states that the objective is to develop a sensitive analytical method to quantitatively determine the drugs and metabolites in biological fluids to evaluate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Simultaneous estimation and validation of atenolol hydrochloro thiazide and l...srirampharma
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan K from pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 70:30 delivered at 1.2 mL/min. The drugs were detected at 229 nm and provided good resolution and peak symmetry. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, robustness, and solution stability. The method was applied to a commercial tablet dosage form and found to provide accurate results within 100% of the labeled claim for each drug.
Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chl...ijtsrd
A simple, precise and accurate multiple analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in bulk and tablet formulations by reversed-phase liquid chromatographic and UV-Visible spectrophotometric techniques. The chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 analytical column. A mixture of Methanol 0.1 Ortho-phosphoric acid 75 25 was used as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1mL min and detection wavelength at 295 nm. The retention time of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide was found to be 4.69 and 5.45 min respectively. The linear dynamic ranges for HPLC were from 2-10 µg mL and for simultaneous equation method, derivative spectroscopy, Q-ratio Absorbance method, Dual wavelength it was 10-30 µg mL for both Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide. The percentage recovery obtained for Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide were 100.93 and 102.19 respectively for RP-HPLC, 9.7 and 100.1 for simultaneous equation method of CZ and NIM respectively, 99.97 and 99.78 for derivative spectroscopy of CZ and NIM respectively, 101.37 and 99.48 for Q-ratio Absorbance method of CZ and NIM respectively, 100.13 and 99.96 for dual wavelength method of CZ and NIM respectively. The validation of the proposed methods were carried out for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness. The developed method can be used for routine quality control analysis of titled drugs in combination in tablet formulation. Swetha Yarramsetti | A. Elphine Prabahar | Rama Rao Nadendla "Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21503.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/21503/multiple-method-development-and-validation-for--simultaneous-estimation-of-chlorzoxazone-and--nimesulide-in-bulk-and-pharmaceutical-dosage-form/swetha-yarramsetti
Differential spectrophotometric method for estimation and validation of verap...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to development of the simple, rapid and sensitive Differential spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Verapamil in tablet dosage form. In this method two medium was use acid and alkaline and the difference spectrum was calculated. 0.1N HCL and 0.1N NaOH was used in this differential method. The λmax 278, Beers law limits 5-25µg/ml, regression equation Y= 0.024x-0.009, slope 0.024, intercept 0.09, correlation coefficient (r2) 0.998, %RSD <1.5, % Recovery (Tablet) 100.46% was shows the good efficacy and results. This method future scope in quality control of the verapamil in simple, precise and economically and it recommended for the routine drug quality analysis investigation
Development and Validation of the HPLC Method for the Analysis of Ametridio...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
An emerging way of estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide i...Priyanka Bose
The document describes the development and validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms. The method was developed using absorbance correction and involved preparation of calibration curves for both drugs in the range of 1-20 μg/ml and 1-15 μg/ml, respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found to be precise, accurate, specific, robust and repeatable as indicated by the %RSD and %recovery values obtained during the validation experiments. The developed method can be effectively used for the routine quality control analysis of the drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
This document presents a kinetic-spectrophotometric method for quantifying the drug diclofenac. The method involves measuring the rate of the redox reaction between diclofenac and potassium permanganate in a strong acidic environment. The initial slope of the absorbance over time plot is linearly related to the initial diclofenac concentration. The method was found to have good precision and accuracy for quantifying diclofenac in pure form and pharmaceutical tablets. Validation studies showed the method has a linear range of 5-23 ppm for diclofenac quantification. The method was determined to be simple, rapid and specific for diclofenac analysis without sample extraction steps.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Simultaneous estimation of meclizine and nicotinic acid by using RP-HPLCpharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Meclizine and Nicotinic acid. The method utilizes a mobile phase of acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The retention times were 3.01 minutes for Meclizine and 6.07 minutes for Nicotinic acid. The method was validated and found to be accurate, precise, specific, linear, robust, sensitive and able to quantify the drugs in tablet dosage forms without interference from other components.
This document describes methods for the quantitative determination and analysis of Promethazine Hydrochloride and Prasugrel Hydrochloride using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) through spectrophotometric studies. Calibration curves were constructed for both drugs using FCR and results were validated in terms of limits of detection, quantification, accuracy and precision. The developed methods were applied to pharmaceutical formulations containing the drugs and found to give satisfactory recoveries. Various factors affecting the absorbance were also optimized.
Similar to Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam Injection using RP-UPLC Method
This document describes the development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of four active pharmaceutical ingredients: pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and domperidone. The method was developed using a C18 column with gradient elution of a mobile phase consisting of buffer and organic solvents. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness. Forced degradation studies subjected the drugs to acid, base, oxidation, heat, and light conditions in order to evaluate the method's ability to separate drugs from degradation products.
Stability indicating analytical method development and validation for estimat...SriramNagarajan18
Stability indicating analytical method development and validation for estimation of Ceftazidime and Avibactam in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using RP-HPLC
The document describes the development and validation of a dissolution method for Eltrombopag tablets using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A dissolution medium of 0.5% polysorbate 80 in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was used with a paddle apparatus at 50 rpm. The developed HPLC method separated Eltrombopag using a C18 column with a mobile phase of 25% ammonium formate and 75% acetonitrile at pH 3 and 230 nm detection. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be specific, precise, accurate, linear and robust for quantifying Eltrombopag release from tablets in dissolution testing.
Dissolution Method Validation with Reverse Phase Chromatographic Method for D...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present analytical work is a unique method development and validation for the determination of dissolution of Eltrombopag using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with isocratic elution technique. HPLC method for quantification of drug in dissolution samples of Eltrombopag tablet is developed and validated. About 0.5% polysorbate 80 in phosphate buffer of pH −6.8 is used as dissolution medium and paddle (USP-II) as apparatus at 50 rpm. The sample was withdrawn after 45 min. The developed HPLC method was used for quantitative estimation of drug release in dissolution samples of Eltrombopag tablet. Here, the stationary phase used was Xbridge C18 (50 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), mobile phase was 25% ammonium formate and 75% acetonitrile. pH of the buffer solution was maintained at 3.0, flow rate 1.0 ml/min. Eluted material underwent for monitoring at the detector wavelength of 230 nm. Retention time for Eltrombopag was found to be 2.16 min; and linearity range was 3.516 µg/mL–131.862 µg/mL. The new method was evaluated according to the ICH guideline and as far as validation results are concern correlation coefficient value that was 1.0000 for the compound, percentage recovery 99.4%, and repeatability results relative standard deviation 0.6 for Eltrombopag. The developed HPLC method was found to be a simple and rapid one for regular analysis in professional laboratory.
This document describes the development and validation of a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of aminocaproic acid in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was developed using a C18 column with a mobile phase of buffer and methanol. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and found to be precise, accurate, specific, linear and robust for the analysis of aminocaproic acid in drug products and dissolution samples. The method can be used for quality control testing in pharmaceutical laboratories.
Method development and validation for the estimation of Atorvastatin, Ezitimi...SriramNagarajan18
Method development and validation for the estimation of Atorvastatin, Ezitimibe and Fenofibrate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms by RP-HPLC method
Development and Validation of Reversed Phase-High-Performance Liquid Chromato...BRNSS Publication Hub
A simple, accurate, precise, and robust in vitro methods developed and validated for measurement of drug release in Aminocaproic Acid tablets. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantification of drug in dissolution samples of Aminocaproic Acid tablet is developed and validated. 0.1 N Hydrochloric acid is used as dissolution medium and Basket (USP-I) as apparatus at 100 rpm. The sample was withdrawn after 60 min. The developed HPLC method was used for quantitative estimation of drug release in dissolution samples of Aminocaproic Acid tablet. Chromatogram was run through Inertsil ODS 3V, (250 × 4.6 mm), 5 μm. Mobile phase containing buffer solution and methanol in the pumped through column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 13.3 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, 500 mg of Heptane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, and 1.0 mL of Triethylamine buffer with pH 2.20 adjusted by orthophosphoric acid. Optimized wavelength for Aminocaproic acid was 210 nm. Retention time of Aminocaproic acid was found about 4.0 min; linearity range was 132.605 μg/ml–828.787 μg/ml. The new method was evaluated according to ICH guideline and as far as validation results are concern correlation coefficient value was 0.9999 for the very compound, percentage recovery 100.0%, repeatability results relative standard deviation 0.9 for Aminocaproic acid. The developed HPLC method was found to be a simple and rapid one for regular analysis in professional laboratory.
This document describes the development and validation of a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of aminocaproic acid in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was developed using a C18 column with a mobile phase of buffer and methanol. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and found to be precise, accurate, specific, linear and robust for the analysis of aminocaproic acid in drug products and dissolution samples. The method can be used for quality control testing in pharmaceutical laboratories.
This document describes the development and validation of a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of aminocaproic acid in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was developed using a C18 column with a mobile phase of buffer and methanol. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and found to be precise, accurate, specific, linear and robust for the analysis of aminocaproic acid in drug products and dissolution samples. The method can be used for quality control testing in pharmaceutical laboratories.
Levetiracetam is an anti-epileptic medicine used to treat seizures in epilepsy. It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures. General route of administration is by Oral and IV. But it is not recommended throughout an epileptic attack due to the risk of nausea or vomiting. The Intranasal (IN) route is a promising therapy option, as it allows medications to reach the brain directly, it is regarded an alternative to parenteral administration, and hence the effective dosage predicted via other administration routes is scheduled to be reduced using the IN route
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
VALIDATION AND DETERMINATION OF CAFFEINE CONTENT IN ENERGY DRINKS BY USING HP...Ruqsar Fatima
This document outlines the validation and determination of caffeine content in energy drinks using HPLC methods. It includes an introduction on caffeine, the principle of HPLC separation, materials and methods for sample preparation and instrument operation, results and discussion of the validation including calibration curves, precision, accuracy, specificity, LOD and LOQ. The method was found to be precise, accurate, specific and sensitive for quantifying caffeine levels in various energy drinks in under 3 minutes. In conclusion, the validated HPLC method provides an effective quality control technique for caffeine analysis in energy drinks.
Method Development and Validation on Etomidate injection by RP-HPLCpharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of etomidate injection. The method uses a Waters HPLC system with a Develosil-ODS-UG column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 40:60. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be accurate, precise, linear, robust and sensitive for quantifying etomidate in injections. The method was then applied to analyze etomidate levels in marketed injection formulations.
1. A new RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
2. The method involved using a C18 column, mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 60:40, and detection at 224 nm.
3. The method was found to be linear, precise, accurate, specific, robust and suitable for the routine analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in quality control.
Method Development and Validation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate by Reverse Phase-...SriramNagarajan15
A new, simple sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Clopidogrel bisulphate was chromatographed on a reverse phase C18column (150 mm x 4.5 mm, i.d 5μm) in a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH: 3.0) in the ratio of 60:40 % v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with detection at 224 nm. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 50-150 μg /ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 1.3 and 4.2 µg/ml, respectively. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 2%. The mean recovery of the drug from the solution was 99.79%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Key words: Clopidogrel bisulphate, RP-HPLC, Validation, Accuracy, Precision.
RP-HPLC method development & validation for estimation of Flecainide acetate ...SriramNagarajan18
RP-HPLC method development & validation for estimation of Flecainide acetate in bulk and tablet dosage form
Similar to Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam Injection using RP-UPLC Method (20)
Congenital Agenesis Of The Corpus Callosum With Intracerebral Lipoma And Fron...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
“Hemodynamic and recovery profile with Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl in intrac...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Correlation of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor expression in Breast Canceriosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Analytical Study of Urine Samples for Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection...iosrphr_editor
The current study was carried out in District Abbottabad aimed to determine the common urinary
tract infections in local community to determine the epidemiology of significant diseases in asymptomatic patients
of renal disorder. In this study a total of 1000 urine samples were examined during 3rd February to 1st April 2015
from patients attending Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad by using dipstick and microscopic analysis of urine.
There were 638 females and 362 males patients examined during this period. The range of age groups is between
1.5 years to 80 years. Results of this study was reported as Pyuria 11%, Proteinuria 21.1%, Hematuria 10.4%,
Epithelial Cells 8.2%, pH 7.8 %, Granular casts 7.3%, Triple phosphate 6.6%, Calcium oxalate 6.4%, Glycosuria
6.3%, Bacteria 6.2% and mucous 4.1%. This study concludes that routing urinalysis should be performed for all
individuals to diagnose the asymptomatic diseases that will help in simple therapeutic measurements as urinalysis
is a simple step to determine the root of Urinary tract disorders.
Chest sonography images in neonatal r.d.s. And proposed gradingiosrphr_editor
BACKGROUND : Lung sonography has been used to monitor the patients of R.D.S. in
N.I.C.U. in recent times.
AIMS : To Describe and Grade the changes of R.D.S. by lung sonography.
SETTING & DESIGN : Tertiary care institutional set up in a rural medical college.
STUDY DURATION : September 2014 to May 2015. Follow-up variable, upto 2 weeks.
PROSPECTIVE, ANALYTICAL STUDY.
MATERIALS AND METHODS -This was a single institute study approved by the institutional ethics
committee. Prior informed consent was obtained from the parents. 100 consecutive patients admitted in
N.I.C.U. WITH gestational age < 36 weeks with respiratory complaints were enrolled. Chest x-ray was
obtained within few hours of admission and lung sonography was performed within 24 hours. Follow – up
sonography was performed as and when necessary. Sonography image was graded and correlated with chest
xray and clinical picture
The Comprehensive Review on Fat Soluble Vitaminsiosrphr_editor
This review article deals with brief description of fat soluble vitamins with figures and tables
showing statistical analytical data duly quoting the references wherever necessary. The word “soluble” actually
means “able to be dissolved.” Whether a vitamin is classified as 'fat-soluble' or 'water-soluble' has to do with
how the vitamin is absorbed, stored and removed from the body. Vitamins are tiny organic compounds with a
huge impact on the health and well-being of the body. The body needs a small amount of fat soluble vitamins in
order to stay in optimal health. Fat soluble vitamins play an important role in keeping the body healthy and
functioning from immune system and muscle and heart function, easy flow and clotting of blood as well as eye
health. They are critical to health and wellness–particularly reproductive health and wellness. Low-fat, no-fat
and vegan diets are woefully lacking in fat soluble vitamins. However a diet based on traditional foods can
naturally provide these vitamins. Science is still learning about many of the functions of vitamins. "Too much
vitamin A, D, or K can lead to increased levels that are unhealthy and can cause serious health consequences.
Diseased conditions leading to decreased fat absorption leads to decreased absorption of vitamins. The fatsoluble
vitamins work most safely and effectively when obtained them from natural foods within the context of a
diet rich in all their synergistic partners. If fat soluble vitamins are stored for lengthy time they generate threat
for toxicity than water soluble vitamins and such situation even aggravated, provided they are consumed in
excess. Vitamin products, above the legal limits are not considered food supplements and must be registered as
prescription or non-prescription (over-the-counter drugs) due to their potential side effects. Vitamin A and E
supplements do not provide health benefits for healthy individuals, instead they may enhance mortality, and it is
held proved that beta-carotene supplements can be harmful to smokers
Sulphasalazine Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis A Case Reportiosrphr_editor
The document describes a case study of an 18-year-old female patient who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis as a severe adverse reaction to the drug sulfasalazine, which she had been taking for ankylosing spondylitis. She was admitted to the intensive care unit and treated with high dose corticosteroids, fluid replacement, and supportive care. She improved with treatment and was discharged with only post-inflammatory hypopigmentation.
Evaluation the efficacy of IVIgG in treatment of Hemolytic Disease of Newborniosrphr_editor
Hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) is an important cause of hyperbilirubinemia in the
neonatal period,and delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to permanent brain damage. Traditional
neonatal treatment of HDN is intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion.Intravenous
immunoglobulin(IVIgG) has been introduced as an alternative therapy to exchange transfusion. This study was
conducted to assess the effect of IVIG in HDN .
FIBROLIPOMATOUS HAMARTOMA OF ULNAR NERVE: A RARE CASE REPORT.iosrphr_editor
Nervous fibrolipomatous hamartoma is said to be a rare tumor-like condition involving the peripheral
nerves,in which the epineurium and perineurium are enlarged and distorted by excess of fatty and fibrous tissue
s that infiltrate between and around nerve boundaries. The median nerve is more likely to develop a hamartoma
than other nerves with a predilection for the carpal tunnel.
A fibrolipomatous hamartoma – is a rare, benign, congenital lesion most commonly found in the median nerve,
usually at the level of the wrist or hand.
We report a case of this rare condition in ulnar nerve.
SELF MEDICATION PRACTICES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN B...iosrphr_editor
This study examined self-medication practices for oral health problems among dental patients in Bangalore, India. The study found that 100% of the 175 dental patients surveyed practiced self-medication. Toothache was the most common triggering factor reported. Analgesics and herbal remedies were commonly used for self-treatment. Most participants consulted pharmacists for advice on self-medication and would see a dentist only if problems persisted after self-medicating. The high prevalence of self-medication indicates a need for education programs to increase awareness of risks.
Clinico-haematological Profile of Falciparum Malaria in a Rural Hospital of T...iosrphr_editor
Aim: To study the clinico-haematological profile malaria in a rural hospital of Tripura.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was done from at Kulai District
Hospital,Tripura. This hospital based cross sectional study was done on 60 confirmed cases of falciparum
malaria (either by peripheral smear or rapid diagnostic test) admitted in Kulai District Hospital. A case sheet
proforma was prepared and data (demographic profile,clinical feature, investigation, treatment, and
complication) from all indoor patients was collected and analyzed.
Result: Out of 60 patients, 40(66.6%) were males and 20 (33.4%) were females. Most of the patients were
between the age group 21-40 years with the highest prevalence between the age group of 21-30. Fever was the
most common symptom. Anemia was present in 42(70%) patients, out of which 6(10%) patients had severe
anemia. Thrombocytopenia was present in 36(60%) patients.Abnormal liver function tests were observed in
26(43.3%) subjects while abnormal kidney function tests were observed in16(26.6%) patients. All the 60
patients received Artemisinin based antimalarial drugs.
Conclusion: Early detection, prompt management, and adequate supportive therapy may reduce mortality due
to falciparum cerebral malaria.
Indonesian Wild Ginger (Zingiber sp) Extract: Antibacterial Activity against ...iosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study that tested the antibacterial activity of extracts from three species of wild ginger plants from Indonesia (Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber amaricans, and Zingiber aromaticum) against Mycoplasma gallisepticum, a pathogen that causes respiratory disease in chickens. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids in the plant extracts. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays showed that ethanol extracts of dried rhizomes had the strongest inhibitory effects against the pathogen, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 7.8 to 31.2 mg/ml. The results suggest that extracts from these wild ginger plants
A case of allergy and food sensitivity: the nasunin, natural color of eggplantiosrphr_editor
Abstract: Allergies and food sensitivities can both be considered as "adverse reactions individualistic" to food.
Are pathological and individual forms because they affect a few individuals in way rather serious; immediate
or delayed reactions occur instead with simple effects histamine, or, in severe cases with respiratory and
anaphylactic shock
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known to cause food allergies in some Asian countries, but detailed
studies on allergies caused by eggplant are lacking, however, it was highlighted the presence of allergens in
edible parts of eggplant with preponderance in the peel .
The purpose of this study was to propose an extraction method rapid, efficient and cost of natural dye from
waste products from the food industry, such as the peels of eggplant, from which it was extracted, isolated and
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Nasusin was tested on 58 patients to evaluate the potential sensitizing effect on the skin. The results demonstrate
that allergenic effects are negligible and therefore the nasunin can be used as a colorant in various industrial
sectors with a certain safety margin
Complete NMR Assignment of MogrosidesII A2, II E andIII A1Isolated from Luo H...iosrphr_editor
NMR analysis allowed complete assignments of three known mogrol glycosides, Mogroside IIA2 (1),
II E (2)and IIIA1 (3), isolated from the extracts of Luo Han Guo. Herein, complete 1H and 13C NMR
assignmentsof all threemogrosidesare described based on NMR experiments (1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY,
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Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel as a Topical Formulationiosrphr_editor
: Nanoemulsion is referred type of emulsion with uniform and extremely small droplet size in the range
of 20-200 nm. Nanoemulsion provides numerous advantages over other carrier such as polymeric nanoparticle
and liposomes, including low cost preparation procedure, high hydrophilic and lipophilic drug loading system
to enhance the longer shelf live upon preserving the therapeutic agents. Incorporating the preparation of
nanoemulsion with hydrogel matrix to produce nanoemulgel exhibited by the two separate systems that forming
it. Nanoemulgel possesses the properties of thixotropic, non-greasy, effortlessly spreadable, easily be removed,
emollient, not staining, soluble in water, longer shelf life, bio-friendly, translucent and agreeable appearance.
Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Methotrexate in Egyptian Children with Acute Ly...iosrphr_editor
Aim:Since several factors have been shown to influence the clearance of methotrexate, the purpose of this study
was to identify potential relationships between patient covariates and the methotrexate clearance estimates and
deduce a pharmacokinetic model for the estimation of methotrexate clearance in Egyptian pediatric ALL
patients that may help dosage adjustment and achieve target steady-state plasma concentrations in a similar
sittings.
Patients and methods: A total of 94 pediatric patients with B-cell ALL, of whom 70 were the studied population
and 24 were the test population, were treated with four courses of HDMTX doses 2.5 gm/m2
(low-risk arm) or 5
gm/m2
(standard-/high-risk arm) given every other week by intermittent intravenous infusions over 24 hours as
a part of their treatment protocol. Patients were monitored for the 24 hour MTX concentration and the systemic
methotrexate clearance was calculated for each methotrexate dose
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis (TB) in Albania 1998-2009iosrphr_editor
Abstract : In Albania, many people erroneously think that tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of the past-an illness
that no longer constitutes a public health threat. Surveillance is an integral part of tuberculosis (TB) control.
Albania has a highTB notification rate and there are doubts about underreporting. The evolution of the
incidence of tuberculosis is presented, together with more detailed figures over the period 1998-2009. These
figures were obtained by the monthly forms (called 14/Sh) compared with the individual notification data.
Objective: To examine the distribution and sources of increased tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and reporting
system deficiencies in the Albania from 1998 through 2009. Metodology: The study is descriptive one conductet
during the period 1998-2009. The statistical analysis is based on data reported from regional level (regional
epidemiological departments) to the central level (Public Health Institute). Results: The main findings were:
discordance between the collected data (individual form) and reported data (monthly form); tuberculosis
incidence rate shows little oscillations which ranges from 6.67 to 9.2 cases/100.000 population; 50% of the
regions show a lack of information on the confirmation of diagnosis and laboratory examination type used for
confirmation. Conclusion: TB disease in high-risk populations where it is difficult to detect, diagnose, and treat;
limitations of current control measures and the need for new tests and treatments, including an effective
vaccine; improving information system, regulation of individual form and personnel training.
Total Phenol and Antioxidant from Seed and Peel of Ripe and Unripe of Indones...iosrphr_editor
Study on total phenol and antioxidantactivity ofsugar apple fruits of various solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripening. Solvent extraction used were 80% (v/v) methanol, 50% (v/v) acetone, boiling water, and 50% (v/v) ethanol. Part of fruits thatbeen used for samples were seed and peel which are normally by products of sugar apple processing, level of ripening were unripe, and ripe sugar apple fruits. Total phenol was determined by Folin-ciocalteau method. Total antioxidant was quantified by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method.Therewas a difference in type of solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripeningon total phenol and antioxidant concentration of sugar apple fruits. Seeds have higher total phenol concentration than peels of this fruits. Unripe sugar apple fruits have higher total phenol and antioxidant than ripe fruit. The best solvent for phenol extraction was ethanol 50%butthe best solvent for antioxidant extraction was acetone 50%.
A Review on Step-by-Step Analytical Method Validationiosrphr_editor
When analytical method is utilized to generate results about the characteristics of drug related samples it is essential that the results are trustworthy. They may be utilized as the basis for decisions relating to administering the drug to patients. Analytical method validation required during drug development and manufacturing and these analytical methods are fit for their intended purpose. To comply with the requirements of GMP pharmaceutical industries should have an overall validation policy which documents how validation will be performed. The purpose of this validation is to show that processes involved in the development and manufacture of drug, production and analytical testing can be performed in an effective and reproducible manner. This review article provides guidance on how to perform validation characteristics for the analytical method which are utilized in pharmaceutical analysis.
A Cross Sectional Study of Ethnic Differences in Occurrence and Severity of A...iosrphr_editor
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used "over the counter" medication all over the world despite their complications in different major organs. Present studies envisaged for knowing the occurrence and severity of adverse drug reactions from NSAIDs in different ethnic communities of Sikkim. A cross sectional study was undertaken in the medicine outpatients department of a secondary and tertiary care hospital. The patients belonging to Nepalese, Bhutias, Lepchas ethnic communities and others community (settlers from other parts of India) were included to analyzed the data based on the age and gender, ethnicity and ADRs, drugs and ADRs. Severity assessment was done using Hartwing and Siegel scale and causality assessment by Naranjo scale. Total 109 cases of ADRs, predominating in female were detected. Nepalese were the most affected and Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) being the most affected organ in them. Diclofenac showed maximum number of ADRs in all the communities. Maximum number of cases occurred on single day use (40.36%) of drugs. All the cases were belonging to the "possible category" and the maximum being the mild (72.48%) in nature. It is advisable to consider the ethnic/racial differences equally with other factors, to improve the safety and efficacy of a drug.
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Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam Injection using RP-UPLC Method
1. IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy
(e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219
www.iosrphr.org Volume 4, Issue 12 (December 2014), PP. 53-60
53
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for
Simultaneous Estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam
Injection using RP-UPLC Method
Panchal Vipul J*1
, Desai Hemant T1
, Patel Nirav B1
, Panchal Kalpesh B1
,
1
Nirlife Healthcare (Healthcare Division of Nirma Limited), Sachana, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India-382150,
ABSTRACT: This research manuscript describes simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and repeatable RP-
UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Cefepime (CEFE) and Tazobactam (TAZ) Injection in
combine dosage form. The sample was analyzed by reverse phase C18 column (Acquity UPLC BEH 100 × 2.1
mm ID, 1.7 µm) with mobile phase. In mobile phase, Solution A containing Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate
buffer (pH adjusted to 6.5±0.2 with Orthophosphoric acid), Citric acid buffer (pH adjusted to 5.0±0.2 with
NaoH solution) and Acetonitrile and Solution B containing Tetradecyl ammonium bromide, Tetraheptyl
ammonium bromide and Acetonitrile in the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. Quantification was achieved 230 nm with
PDA detector. The retention time for Cefepime and Tazobactam was found to be 0.68 and 1.69 minute
respectively. The linearity for Cefepime and Tazobactam was obtained in the concentration range of 40-280
µg/ml and 5-35 µg/ml respectively. Cefepime and Tazobactam API and market formulation were subjected to
acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolytic forced degradation. The peak purity of drug
substance and drug product peak also confirmed the specificity of the methods with respect to the degradation
products. In the forced degradation study Cefepime and Tazobactam showed maximum degradation in base
hydrolysis stress study followed by less degradation in thermal degradation. The developed method was simple,
specific, sensitive, rapid, and economic and can be used for estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam in bulk and
their combined dosage form for routine analysis and stability studies.
Keywords: Cefepime, Tazobactam, Method validation, RP-UPLC, Forced degradation.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cefepime (Figure-1) is chemically 1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-glyoxylamido]- 2-
carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride, 72-(Z)-(O-
methyloxime), mono-hydrochloride, monohydrate. It is a fourth generation, β-lactamase resistant parenteral
cephalosporin with broad spectrum of activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Tazobactam (Figure- 2) is chemically known as (2S,3S,5R)-3-methyl-7-oxo-3- (1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-
4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptanes-2-carboxylic acid 4,4-dioxide, sodium salt. It is a penicillinate sulfone,
structurally related to sulbactam. Being a betalactamase inhibitor, it is synergistic with many beta-lactamase
labile drugs such as penicillins and cephalosporins. Cefepime Hydrochloride is listed in the Indian
Pharmacopoeia [1]
, British Pharmacopoeia [2]
and United State Pharmacopoeia [3]
. Tazobactam Sodium is not
official in any pharmacopoeia. Literatures survey reveals Spectroscopic [4]
and HPLC [5, 6, 7, 8]
methods have
been reported as a single as well as combination with other drugs. However, there is no work was reported for
the simultaneous estimation of these drugs by RP-UPLC method. Hence, in the present study an attempt has
been made to develop simple, and accurate, sensitive, precise and repeatable RP-UPLC method, for the
simultaneous estimation of both drugs in dry powder for injection dosage form.
II. MATERIALS & METHODS
2.1 Apparatus
The chromatography was performed on a Waters (Acquity) RP-UPLC instrument equipped with PDA
detector and Em-power 2 software, Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm ID, 1.7 µm) was used
as stationary phase. Mettler Toledo analytical balance (Germany), an ultrasonic cleaner (Frontline FS 4,
Mumbai, India) and Whatmann filter paper No. 41 (Whatman International Ltd., England) were used in the
study.
2.2 Reagents and materials
Cefepime and Tazobactam bulk powder was obtained from Nirlife, Healthcare division of Nirma Ltd.
Ahmedabad, India. The commercial fixed dose combination product was procured from the market. Acetonitrile
(HPLC grade, Finar Reagent, Ahmedabad, India), Potassium di-hydrogen ortho-phosphate anhydrous (AR, Finar
Reagent, Ahmedabad, India), Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (AR, Finar Reagent, Ahmedabad,
2. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneou………..
54
India), Citric acid monohydrate (AR, Finar Reagent, Ahmedabad, India), Tetradecyl ammonium bromide
(HPLC Grade, Molychem, Ahmedabad, India), Tetraheptyl ammonium bromide (HPLC grade, Finar Reagent,
Ahmedabad, India), Sodium hydroxide (AR, Finar Reagent, Ahmedabad, India), Orthophosphoric acid (AR,
Finar Reagent, Ahmedabad, India), used were of HPLC grade was used in the study.
2.3 Chromatographic condition
In this work we used reverse phase Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm ID, 1.7 µm),
Waters) as stationary phase and using a mobile phase. In Mobile phase, Solution A containing Potassium
Dihydrogen Phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 6.5±0.2 with Orthophosphoric acid), Citric acid buffer (pH
adjusted to 5.0±0.2 with NaoH solution) and Acetonitrile and Solution B containing Tetradecyl ammonium
bromide, Tetraheptyl ammonium bromide and Acetonitrile. Volume of solution A and Solution B taken in the
ratio 65:35 (v/v) for mobile phase, in the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min.
2.4 Preparation of mobile phase
Solution A: Accurately weighed and dissolved about 3.5 gm of Potassium di-hydrogen ortho-phosphate
anhydrous and 14.5 gm of Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous in 1000 ml of water for pH 6.5 Buffer
solution. pH of 6.5±0.2 was adjusted by using diluted orthophosphoric acid. Accurately weighed and dissolved
about 20.5 gm of Citric acid in 1000 ml of water for pH 5.0 Buffer solution. pH of 5.0±0.2 was adjusted by
using NaoH solution. Water, pH 6.5 buffer, pH 5.0 buffer and acetonitrile taken in the ratio 600:180:20:200
(v/v) and mix well.
Solution B: Accurately weighed and dissolved 4.0 gm of Tetradecyl ammonium bromide and 4.0 gm of
Tetraheptyl ammonium bromide in 500 ml of acetonitrile sonicated to dissolve and made up to 1000 ml with
acetonitrile and mix well.
Mobile phase: Volume of solution (A) and Solution (B) taken in the ratio 65:35 (v/v) and mixed well and filter
through 0.45 µm membrane filter and degas for 10 minutes.
2.5 Preparation of standard stock solutions
An accurately weighed Cefepime (40 mg) and Tazobactam (5 mg) were transferred to 100 ml
volumetric flask, dissolved in 50 ml with Mobile phase and diluted up to mark with Mobile phase to get 400
µg/ml solution of Cefepime and 50 µg/ml solution of Tazobactam.
2.6 Method Validation
The method was validated in compliance with ICH guidelines [9]
.
2.7 Preparation of calibration curve
Aliquots (of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ml) of mixed standard working solutions (equivalent to
40,80,120,160,200,240,280 ppm of Cefepime and 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 ppm of Tazobactam) were transferred in
a series of 10 ml volumetric flasks, and the volume was made up to the mark with Mobile phase. Each solution
was injected under the operating chromatographic condition as described above and responses were recorded.
Calibration curves were constructed by plotting the peak areas versus the concentration, and the regression
equations were calculated (Table 1 and Table 2) and (Figure 3 and Figure 4). Each response was average of
three determinations.
2.8 Accuracy (recovery study)
The accuracy of the method was determined by calculating the recoveries of Cefepime and
Tazobactam by the standard addition method. Known amounts of standard solutions of Cefepime and
Tazobactam were at added at 80, 100 and 120 % level to pre-quantified sample solutions of Cefepime
Hydrochloride equivalent to Cefepime 400 μg/ml and Tazobactam 50 μg/ml. The amounts of Cefepime and
Tazobactam were estimated by applying obtained values to the respective regression line equations (Table 3).
2.9 Method precision (repeatability)
The precision of the instrument was checked by repeatedly injecting (n=6) solutions of Cefepime and
Tazobactam (400 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml respectively) without changing the parameters.
2.10 Intermediate precision (reproducibility)
The intraday and inter day precisions of the proposed method was determined by estimating the
corresponding responses 3 times on the same day and on 3 different days over a period of one week for 3
3. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneou………..
55
different concentrations of standard solutions of Cefepime Hydrochloride equivalent to Cefepime (200, 400,
and 600 μg/ml) and Tazobactam (25, 50 and 75 μg/ml). The results were reported in terms of relative standard
deviation (% RSD).
2.11 System suitability
The parameters used in system suitability test were asymmetry of the chromatographic peak, peak
resolution and theoretical plates, as % RSD of peak area for replicate injections (Table 4)
2.12 Preparation of Marketed sample solution for Assay
For determination of the content of Cefepime and Tazobactam in dry powder for injection; Take about
88 mg (Cefepime Hydrochloride equivalent to Cefepime 40 mg and Tazobactam sodium equivalent to
Tazobactam 5 mg) of powder and transferred to 100 ml volumetric flask, dissolved in Mobile phase (50 ml)
sonicated for 30 min and dilute up to the mark with Mobile phase. The solution was filtered through Whatmann
filter paper No. 41 and residue was washed with Mobile phase. The solution was diluted up to the mark with
Mobile phase to get final working concentration of Cefepime Hydrochloride equivalent to Cefepime (400
µg/ml) and Tazobactam sodium equivalent to Tazobactam (50 µg/ml). A sample solution was injected under the
operating chromatographic condition as described above and responses were recorded (Figure 5) and (Table 5).
The analysis procedure was repeated three times with dry powder for injection formulation.
III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To optimize the RP-UPLC parameters, several mobile phase compositions were tried. A satisfactory
separation and good peak symmetry for Cefepime and Tazobactam were obtained with a mobile phase. In
mobile phase, Solution A containing Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 6.5±0.2 with
Orthophosphoric acid), Citric acid buffer (pH adjusted to 5.0±0.2 with NaoH solution) and Acetonitrile and
Solution B containing Tetradecyl ammonium bromide, Tetraheptyl ammonium bromide and Acetonitrile at a
flow rate of 0.3 ml/min to get better reproducibility and repeatability. Quantification was achieved with PDA
detection at 230 nm based on peak area. The retention time for Cefepime and Tazobactam were found to be
0.68 and 1.69 min, respectively (Figure 5). Linear correlation was obtained between peak area versus
concentrations of Cefepime and Tazobactam in the concentration ranges of concentration range of 40-280
µg/ml and 5-35 µg/ml are r2
=0.9999 and r2
=0.9999 and mean accuracies 99.97 ± 0.017 % and 99.93 ± 0.030 %
for Cefepime and Tazobactam (Table 5), which indicates accuracy of the proposed method. The % RSD values
for Cefepime and Tazobactam were found to be < 2 %, which indicates that the proposed method is repeatable.
The low % RSD values of repeatability of assay (0.215-0.675 %), inter day (0.041-0.253 % and 0.044-0.175 %)
and intraday (0.040-0.171 % and 0.069-0.181 %) variations for Cefepime and Tazobactam, respectively, reveal
that the proposed method is precise. LOD values for Cefepime and Tazobactam were found to be 0.010 µg/ml
and 0.125 µg/ml, respectively and LOQ values for Cefepime and Tazobactam were found to be 0.033µg/ml and
0.416 µg/ml, respectively (Table 3). These data show that the proposed method is sensitive for the
determination of Cefepime and Tazobactam. The results of system suitability testing are given in (Table 4).
3.1 Degradation study of Cefepime and Tazobactam in 0.1N HCl at 70°C for 4 hours in reflux condition.
Cefepime and Tazobactam peak was observed at retention time 0.680 min and 1.691 min respectively
(Figure 6). The % drug degradation observed of Cefepime and Tazobactam was 27.36 % and 10.33 %
respectively (Table 6). From this it is observed that Cefepime showed maximum degradation in Acid hydrolysis
degradation condition.
3.2 Degradation study of Cefepime and Tazobactam in 0.1N NaOH at 70°C for 4 hours in reflux
condition.
Cefepime and Tazobactam peak was observed at retention time 0.681 min and 1.695 min respectively
(Figure 7). The % drug degradation observed of Cefepime and Tazobactam was 15.95 % and 26.49 %
respectively (Table 6). From this it is observed that Tazobactam showed maximum degradation in base
hydrolysis degradation condition.
3.3 Oxidation degradation study of Cefepime and Tazobactam in 2 % H2O2 at 70°C for about 1 hour in
reflux condition.
Sample and drug substances were treated with 2 % solution of hydrogen peroxide and kept in water
bath at 70°C in reflux condition for about 1 hour. It showed a peak of degradation product. Cefepime and
Tazobactam peak was observed at retention time 0.694 min and 1.772 min respectively (Figure 8). The %
degradation observed of Cefepime and Tazobactam was 12.50 % and 6.22 % respectively (Table 6).
4. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneou………..
56
3.4 Thermal Degradation study of Cefepime and Tazobactam at 60°C for about 24 hrs.
Thermal degradation of Cefepime and Tazobactam at 60°C for about 24 hrs in hot air oven was carried
out. There was no degradation peak found because there was lower degradation found in thermal degradation
study. % Degradation of Cefepime and Tazobactam was found to be 0.79 % and 0.50 % respectively (Figure 9
and Table 6).
3.5 Photolytic Degradation study of Cefepime and Tazobactam
Sample and drug substances were exposed to energy of 1.2 million lux hrs fluorescent light and 200
w/m2
of UV for about 7 days. % degradation of Cefepime and Tazobactam was found to be 8.04 % and 4.18 %
respectively. (Figure 10 and Table 6).
IV CONCLUSION
Stability indicating RP-UPLC methods for estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam in their combine
dosage form was established and validated as per the ICH guidelines. The forced degradation study and peak
purity data confirmed that there was no merging between peaks of active ingredients and any other degradation
products as well as other additives. Hence the specificity of the proposed method was established. The linearity
of developed method was achieved in the range of 40-280 μg/ml for Cefepime (r2
=0.9999) and 5-35 μg/ml for
Tazobactam (r2
=0.9999). The percentage recovery of drug was achieved in the range of 98-101 % which was
within the acceptance criteria. The percentage RSD was NMT 2 % which proved the precision of the developed
method. Different degradation products were found for drug product in acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal and
photolytic force degradation. Peak of Degraded products were not interfering with the main drug peak of
Cefepime and Tazobactam. Thus these degradation products have not been identified. The developed method is
simple, sensitive, rapid, linear, precise, rugged, accurate, specific, and robust. Hence it can be used for the
routine analysis of Cefepime and Tazobactam in their bulk and combine dosage form in quality control
laboratory and stability studies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to Nirlife HealthCare, Ahmedabad, India for providing a Sample and facilities
for research.
REFERENCES
[1]. Indian Pharmacopeia, (The Indian pharmacopeia commission, Indian pharmacopeia laboratory government of India, Ministry of
Health & Family welfare, Sector 23, Raj nagar, Ghaziabad-201002, 2014) 1302-1305.
[2]. British Pharmacopeia, (British Pharmacopeia Commission, expert Advisory groups, panels of experts and working parties, 2014)
438-440.
[3]. United State Pharmacopeia, (United State Pharmacopeia Convention, Rockville, 2013) 2855-2858.
[4]. Navin K. Khare, Rabindra K. Nanda, Raymond M. Lawrence and Dipak A. Navathar, Development and validation of
Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam in combined dosage form by area under
curve and Q-Analysis, International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 2(2), 2012, 1-8.
[5]. N. Sunitha, L. Sindhura, B. Thangabalan and S. Manohar Babu, Development and Validation of RP–HPLC Method for
Simultaneous Estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam in Injection Formulation, Asian J. Pharm Ana, 3(4), 2013, 131-137.
[6]. K. Neelima, Y. Rajendra Prasad, N. Appalraju, S. Selina and R. Nikhila, Analytical Method Development and Validation of
Cefepime Hydrochloride and Tazobactam Sodium in Bulk and Sterile Dry Powder for Injection by Gradient RP-HPLC, Indo
American Journal of Pharmaceuticals Science, 3(10), 2013, 8400-8407.
[7]. M. Bhavana, T. Ramamohana Reddy, M. Sandhya and V. Uma Maheswara Rao, RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation
for Simultaneous estimation of Cefepime and Tazobactam in Marketed formulation, International Journal of Pharmacy, 3(4), 2013,
837-842.
[8]. Nanda Rabindra K. and Shelke Ashwini V, Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for The Simultaneous Estimation of
Ceftazidime Sodium and Tazobactam Sodium in Marketed Formulation, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 5(3), 2013,
983-990.
[9]. ICH, Q2 (R1), Harmonised tripartite guideline, Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, International Conference
on Harmonization ICH, Geneva, Nov 2005.
Table 1: Linearity of Cefepime
Concentration (ppm) Average Area SD % RSD
40 314604 1871.2 0.595
80 628777 2664.9 0.424
120 947253 821.3 0.087
160 1245976 1124.3 0.090
200 1559023 5283.9 0.339
240 1885578 3313.4 0.176
280 2191689 4724.9 0.216
5. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneou………..
57
Table 2: Linearity of Tazobactam
Table 3: Summary of validation parameter for CEFE and TAZ
a= Limit of detection, b= Limit of quantification, n= number of determinations
d= Relative standard deviation
Table 4: System suitability test parameters for CEFE and TAZ
Table 5: Analysis of marketed formulation of Cefepime and Tazobactam
Injection
Label Claim
Amount Found
% Label Claim ± % RSD
(n=3)1125 mg/Vial
CEFE TAZ CEFE TAZ CEFE TAZ
1 1000 MG 125 MG 999.7 124.9 99.97 ±0.017 99.93 ±0.030
Table 6: %Degradation of Cefepime and Tazobactam in different conditions
Degradation condition
Area
Concentration In
mcg/ml
% Potency % Degradation
CEFE TAZ CEFE TAZ CEFE TAZ CEFE TAZ
Acidic/ 0.1N HCl/
70°C/Reflux /4hr/ Solution
3131947 48946 399.88 49.96 99.97 99.93
27.36 10.33
2232751 44387 290.44 44.80 72.61 89.60
Alkaline/0.1N
NaOH/70°C/Reflux/4 hr/
Solution
3131947 48946 399.88 49.96 99.97 99.93
15.95 26.49
2552124 36383 336.08 36.72 84.02 73.44
Oxidative/2%
H2O2/Reflux/70°C /1hr/
Solution
3131947 48946 399.88 49.96 99.97 99.93
12.50 6.22
2656899 46426 349.88 46.85 87.47 93.71
Thermal/60°C/24 hr/ Solid
3148455 50366 399.92 49.94 99.98 99.88
0.79 0.50
3028620 50084 396.76 49.69 99.19 99.38
Photo/1.2 million lux hrs
fluorescent light/200w/m2
of UV/7 days
3148455 50366 399.92 49.94 99.98 99.88
8.04 4.18
2807355 48230 367.76 47.85 91.94 95.70
Concentration (ppm) Average Area SD % RSD
5 4957 45.1 0.910
10 9707 64.6 0.666
15 14928 49.6 0.333
20 19691 30.4 0.155
25 24980 50.6 0.205
30 30020 49.9 0.168
35 35119 101.2 0.288
Parameters
RP-UPLC method
Cefepime Tazobactam
Concentration range (ppm) 40-280 5-35
Slope 7818.4 1008.3
Intercept 2324.3 252.24
Correlation coefficient 0.9999 0.9999
LODa (µg/ml ) 0.010 0.125
LOQb (µg/ml ) 0.033 0.416
Repeatability (% RSDd, n=6) 0.215 0.675
Precision (% RSD)
Inter day (n=3) 0.041-0.253 0.044-0.175
Intraday (n=3) 0.040-0.171 0.069-0.181
Accuracy (% RSDd) 0.066-0.085 0.038-0.079
Parameters CEFE ± % RSD TAZ ± % RSD
Retention Time (min) 0.680±0.080 1.697±0.030
Tailing Factor 1.68±0.243 1.21±0.455
Theoretical Plates 3119±0.184 11348±0.174
Resolution 17.51±0.087
6. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneou………..
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Figure 1: Structure of Cefepime Hydrochloride
Figure 2: Structure of Tazobactam sodium
Figure 3: Linearity of Cefepime
Figure 4: Linearity of Tazobactam
Figure 5: Optimized condition chromatogram of Assay of Drug
7. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneou………..
59
Figure 6: Acid hydrolysis of Cefepime and Tazobactam
Figure 7: Base hydrolysis of Cefepime and Tazobactam
Figure 8: Oxidation of Cefepime and Tazobactam
Figure 9: Thermal degradation of Cefepime and Tazobactam
8. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneou………..
60
Figure 10: Photo stability of Cefepime and Tazobactam