The document discusses design and design thinking. It begins by defining design as both a verb and noun, referring to developing plans and the plans themselves. Design thinking is described as a complex cognitive process that involves divergence and convergence of ideas, systems perspective, and ambiguity. The document outlines various design processes and compares design and design thinking. It discusses the historical perspectives of design thinking and how it can be viewed as a cognitive style, general theory of design, or organizational resource. Overall, the document provides an overview of definitions and perspectives on design and design thinking.
Systemic Design Principles & Methods (Royal College of Art)Peter Jones
For a guest lecture for Qian Sun and the RCA Service Design program, April 29, 2015, Talk based on the 10 shared design principles for complex social systems, related to the 2014 paper: https://ocad.academia.edu/PeterJones and http://designdialogues.com/publications/
Developed by students at Stanford University, the Design Thinking approach was created to establish a new way to grow innovative products, processes and services. The Design Thinking process consists of six iterative stages which enable participants to seek flexible solutions and innovations concerning the issue they treat.
One important aspect of Design Thinking is the creation and cultivation of ideas within a well-coordinated team. Thus, the team spirit is a decisive element during Design Thinking operations and encourages to produce the best possible results. In addition to the team side of Design Thinking, a flexible and productive environment is crucial to develop inventive ideas and products. The more workable an environment, is the easier it is for employees to visualize and transmit thoughts and new concepts.
A Design Thinking Workshop for the MSIS CoreCarl M. Briggs Ph..docxblondellchancy
A Design Thinking Workshop for the MSIS Core
Carl M. Briggs Ph.D.
Fettig/Whirlpool Faculty Fellow
Co-Director, Business Operations Consulting Workshop
Fall 2019
1
Outline
Welcome & Introductions
What is Design Thinking?
About the class
Exercises:
Conditioning Exercise
Show Don’t Tell
Welcome & Introductions
Introductions…
Professor Carl M. Briggs Ph.D.
26 years of experience leading, and managing projects, and teaching the principles of effective project management to undergraduates, MBA’s and executives in the United States, Europe and Asia. Academic appointments in the United States (IU) , the Europe (Berlin) and Asia (Seoul).
Married to Annette Hill Briggs and father to Mariah, Ben and Emily.
Academia
Industries
Companies
Consulting
Mfg.
Healthcare Life Sciences
Supply Chain & Strategic Sourcing
Regions
NASA
Toyota
Samsung
FedEx
WalMart
Samsung
US DOD
4
Why we’re here…
?
?
?
What kind of problems have you solved?
6
MY STORY
YOUR WORLD…
MY WORLD…
What is Design Thinking?
BAD DESIGN MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY OBVIOUS
BUT OVER TIME THE TRUTH BEGINS TO SHOW
UNTIL IT IS ALL THAT IS LEFT, AND ALL
THAT YOUR CUSTOMERS REMEMBER
Bad design is all around us…
9
Design is not everything, but it somehow gets into everything.
Ralph Caplan, By Design
Design Thinking is …
… human-centered, collaborative, possibility-driven, options-focused, and iterative.
… the confidence that new, better things are possible and that you can make them happen.
Ralph Caplan, born January 4, 1925 is a design consultant, writer and public speaker. After serving in the Marines in WWII, he graduated from Earlham College and then went on to Indiana University for his Masters Degree. He later taught at Wabash College before moving to NYC where he became editor of Industrial Design.
He is the author of By Design: Why There are No Locks on the Bathroom Doors in the Hotel Louis XIV and Other Object Lessons.
He is considered a founding father of modern design thinking.
10
Roots of Design Thinking…
Developed/Made famous by Tim Brown at IDEO, taught at the Stanford School of Design.
Very influential in design circles, but becoming more influential in business
DEFINITION:
“A making-based problem solving process that is rooted in human empathy, done iteratively in collaborative multi-disciplinary teams.”
The Thought Leaders…
Tim Brown (IDEO)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAinLaT42xY
When did Design Thinking Become Small?
“Instead of starting with technology, the team started with people and culture…”
Design vs. Design Thinking
Design became small when it became the tool of consumerism
“Instead of starting with technology, the team started with people and culture…”
Design Thinking is about collaborative human creativity applied using a specific mindset and process framework focused on solving a wicked problem
Collaborative
Human
Creativity
Mindset
The Design Thin ...
Our CEO, Oliver Kempkens, joined the Design Thinking Summit in Graz as a keynote speaker. Discover his insights and get to know what Design Thinking is about.
A presentation I gave on design thinking for technology, business, and entrepreneurship students at NYU.
These slides were accompanied by a lot of group participation, Q&A, and a design challenge, so some slides may feel a little sparse.
These slides are adapted from a design thinking presentation co-authored with Melanie Kahl in 2011. Thanks for viewing!
Systemic Design Principles & Methods (Royal College of Art)Peter Jones
For a guest lecture for Qian Sun and the RCA Service Design program, April 29, 2015, Talk based on the 10 shared design principles for complex social systems, related to the 2014 paper: https://ocad.academia.edu/PeterJones and http://designdialogues.com/publications/
Developed by students at Stanford University, the Design Thinking approach was created to establish a new way to grow innovative products, processes and services. The Design Thinking process consists of six iterative stages which enable participants to seek flexible solutions and innovations concerning the issue they treat.
One important aspect of Design Thinking is the creation and cultivation of ideas within a well-coordinated team. Thus, the team spirit is a decisive element during Design Thinking operations and encourages to produce the best possible results. In addition to the team side of Design Thinking, a flexible and productive environment is crucial to develop inventive ideas and products. The more workable an environment, is the easier it is for employees to visualize and transmit thoughts and new concepts.
A Design Thinking Workshop for the MSIS CoreCarl M. Briggs Ph..docxblondellchancy
A Design Thinking Workshop for the MSIS Core
Carl M. Briggs Ph.D.
Fettig/Whirlpool Faculty Fellow
Co-Director, Business Operations Consulting Workshop
Fall 2019
1
Outline
Welcome & Introductions
What is Design Thinking?
About the class
Exercises:
Conditioning Exercise
Show Don’t Tell
Welcome & Introductions
Introductions…
Professor Carl M. Briggs Ph.D.
26 years of experience leading, and managing projects, and teaching the principles of effective project management to undergraduates, MBA’s and executives in the United States, Europe and Asia. Academic appointments in the United States (IU) , the Europe (Berlin) and Asia (Seoul).
Married to Annette Hill Briggs and father to Mariah, Ben and Emily.
Academia
Industries
Companies
Consulting
Mfg.
Healthcare Life Sciences
Supply Chain & Strategic Sourcing
Regions
NASA
Toyota
Samsung
FedEx
WalMart
Samsung
US DOD
4
Why we’re here…
?
?
?
What kind of problems have you solved?
6
MY STORY
YOUR WORLD…
MY WORLD…
What is Design Thinking?
BAD DESIGN MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY OBVIOUS
BUT OVER TIME THE TRUTH BEGINS TO SHOW
UNTIL IT IS ALL THAT IS LEFT, AND ALL
THAT YOUR CUSTOMERS REMEMBER
Bad design is all around us…
9
Design is not everything, but it somehow gets into everything.
Ralph Caplan, By Design
Design Thinking is …
… human-centered, collaborative, possibility-driven, options-focused, and iterative.
… the confidence that new, better things are possible and that you can make them happen.
Ralph Caplan, born January 4, 1925 is a design consultant, writer and public speaker. After serving in the Marines in WWII, he graduated from Earlham College and then went on to Indiana University for his Masters Degree. He later taught at Wabash College before moving to NYC where he became editor of Industrial Design.
He is the author of By Design: Why There are No Locks on the Bathroom Doors in the Hotel Louis XIV and Other Object Lessons.
He is considered a founding father of modern design thinking.
10
Roots of Design Thinking…
Developed/Made famous by Tim Brown at IDEO, taught at the Stanford School of Design.
Very influential in design circles, but becoming more influential in business
DEFINITION:
“A making-based problem solving process that is rooted in human empathy, done iteratively in collaborative multi-disciplinary teams.”
The Thought Leaders…
Tim Brown (IDEO)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAinLaT42xY
When did Design Thinking Become Small?
“Instead of starting with technology, the team started with people and culture…”
Design vs. Design Thinking
Design became small when it became the tool of consumerism
“Instead of starting with technology, the team started with people and culture…”
Design Thinking is about collaborative human creativity applied using a specific mindset and process framework focused on solving a wicked problem
Collaborative
Human
Creativity
Mindset
The Design Thin ...
Our CEO, Oliver Kempkens, joined the Design Thinking Summit in Graz as a keynote speaker. Discover his insights and get to know what Design Thinking is about.
A presentation I gave on design thinking for technology, business, and entrepreneurship students at NYU.
These slides were accompanied by a lot of group participation, Q&A, and a design challenge, so some slides may feel a little sparse.
These slides are adapted from a design thinking presentation co-authored with Melanie Kahl in 2011. Thanks for viewing!
SDD Symposium - Bringing Design to Dialogic Design Peter Jones
Design competencies address many gaps in current SDD practice:
- Lack of methods defined for Discovery
- Contested ways of enacting Action from planning
- Creative approaches to coalition formation
- Ability to better adapt & stage practices to differing cultures
Dr. Charles Burnette created iDeSIGN, a Design Thinking course for children. He freely shares this information on his website idesignthinking.com. This is a transcription of the podcast, A Platform for Teaching Design Thinking.
Evaluating the Impact of Design Thinking in ActionDavid Allan Chin
Design thinking offers a problem-solving approach widely adopted by the most innovative companies and organizations - but how do we truly measure its impact?
Professor Jeanne Liedtka of the University of Virginia’s Darden School of Business reports on the results of research conducted at UVA over the past 6 years of over 30 organizations using design thinking in practice.
This presentation shared during a MURAL webinar hosted by Jeanne Liedtka on 12/24/18.
ServDes16 - Thematic Research in the Frame Creation ProcessJos van Leeuwen
Presentation at ServDes 2016 in Copenhagen, May 24-26, 2016.
Many of today’s challenges that confront society are complex and dynamic and require new perspectives, new ways of looking at problems and issues, in order to be able to come to solutions that could not be found before. This process is called reframing and we suggest that one of the key stages in this process is thematic research, the search for themes that underlie these complex challenges. These themes generally turn out to be human themes, related to socio-emotional aspects of life. In this paper we report our experiences and lessons learned from a series of cases in which we experimented with various approaches to do this thematic research.
Full paper published at http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp/article.asp?issue=125&article=029
Design Thinking Session by ShahjahanTapadar. Acquire a deep understanding of Design Thinking principles, process and tools. Apply the Design Thinking methodology and tools to generate breakthrough ideas and co-create and improved customer experience journey.
Design thinking is not “us versus them or us”, but on behalf of them. It’s close to user’s experience and mind. Let’s Design thinking, before development leads to a dead end.
Introductory lecture on Design Thinking given by Mark Billinghurst as part of the HITD 201 course taught at the University of Canterbury. Taught on December 9th 2013
SDD Symposium - Bringing Design to Dialogic Design Peter Jones
Design competencies address many gaps in current SDD practice:
- Lack of methods defined for Discovery
- Contested ways of enacting Action from planning
- Creative approaches to coalition formation
- Ability to better adapt & stage practices to differing cultures
Dr. Charles Burnette created iDeSIGN, a Design Thinking course for children. He freely shares this information on his website idesignthinking.com. This is a transcription of the podcast, A Platform for Teaching Design Thinking.
Evaluating the Impact of Design Thinking in ActionDavid Allan Chin
Design thinking offers a problem-solving approach widely adopted by the most innovative companies and organizations - but how do we truly measure its impact?
Professor Jeanne Liedtka of the University of Virginia’s Darden School of Business reports on the results of research conducted at UVA over the past 6 years of over 30 organizations using design thinking in practice.
This presentation shared during a MURAL webinar hosted by Jeanne Liedtka on 12/24/18.
ServDes16 - Thematic Research in the Frame Creation ProcessJos van Leeuwen
Presentation at ServDes 2016 in Copenhagen, May 24-26, 2016.
Many of today’s challenges that confront society are complex and dynamic and require new perspectives, new ways of looking at problems and issues, in order to be able to come to solutions that could not be found before. This process is called reframing and we suggest that one of the key stages in this process is thematic research, the search for themes that underlie these complex challenges. These themes generally turn out to be human themes, related to socio-emotional aspects of life. In this paper we report our experiences and lessons learned from a series of cases in which we experimented with various approaches to do this thematic research.
Full paper published at http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp/article.asp?issue=125&article=029
Design Thinking Session by ShahjahanTapadar. Acquire a deep understanding of Design Thinking principles, process and tools. Apply the Design Thinking methodology and tools to generate breakthrough ideas and co-create and improved customer experience journey.
Design thinking is not “us versus them or us”, but on behalf of them. It’s close to user’s experience and mind. Let’s Design thinking, before development leads to a dead end.
Introductory lecture on Design Thinking given by Mark Billinghurst as part of the HITD 201 course taught at the University of Canterbury. Taught on December 9th 2013
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
4. R
E
Thinking
Design
WHAT IS DESIGN?
As a Verb, “to design”
Refers to the activity of developing or originating a plan for a
component, system, product, and or an idea, an organization, a
methodology, a program, a piece of art
As a Noun, “a design”
Refers to a plan (drawings, proposals, descriptions) or the result of
implementing a plan
4
5. R
E
Thinking
Design
WHAT IS DESIGN?
“Design is a way of changing life and influencing the future”
Sir Ernest Hall. Pianist, Entrepreneur, and Philanthropist
“The ultimate defense against complexity”
David Gelernter, Professor of Computer Science, Yale
“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication”
Leonardo da Vinci
“The Ultimate Object of Design is Form”
Christopher Alexander, Architect and Emeritus Professor, Berkeley
5
7. R
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Thinking
Design
WHAT IS DESIGN?
Design – A Planned and Intentional (or even Unplanned and
Unintentional) process of Change
Design – A Conception and Realization of New Things
Design – A Search and a Choice for Alternatives
Design – The Creative Counterpart to the Scientific Problem-
Solving Method
Design – The Problem-Solving Process that Presumes that there
is more than One Right Solution to any Problem and
many Paths to each Alternatives
7
8. R
E
Thinking
Design
WHAT IS DESIGN?
Design - A Progression of Balancing Trade-offs and Controlling
Risk to Accomplish a Task
Design - A Language, the Language of Modeling
Design - An Answer, the Answer to an exhaustive list of
“what if” Questions
Design - A Map, the direction to reach an Outcome, a Destination
Design - A How to, the Design Thinking Approach
8
10. R
E
Thinking
Design
A FIVE-STEP PROCESS
ASK: What is the problem? How have others approached it?
What are your constraints?
IMAGINE: What are some solutions? Brainstorm ideas. ...
PLAN: Draw a diagram. Make lists of materials you will need.
CREATE: Follow your plan and create something. Test it out!
IMPROVE: What works? What doesn't?
10
11. R
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Thinking
Design
THE DESIGN PROCESS
CONSISTS OF 6 STEPS:
Define the Problem. You can't find a solution until you have a
clear idea of what the problem is.
Collect Information. Collect sketches, take photographs and
gather data to start giving you inspiration.
Brainstorm and Analyze Ideas. ...
Develop Solutions. ...
Gather Feedback. ...
Improve.
11
13. R
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Thinking
Design
DESIGN VS. DESIGN THINKING
If Defining Design is Hard
Let Alone Thinking
How can we handle Design Thinking?
Is this something New or Just a Different Name
for What Good Designers have always done?
13
14. R
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Thinking
Design
WHAT IS DESIGN THINKING?
Design Thinking is “a Complex Cognitive Process”
It includes:
Divergence–Convergence,
A System Perspective,
Ambiguity
Collaboration
(Dym, Agogino, Eris, Frey, & Leifer, 2005)
14
15. R
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Thinking
Design
“COMPLEX COGNITIVE PROCESS”
Cognitive - Mental Activities used during a Design Challenge
Process - Ways in which Issues are Approached or Sequenced
Complex - Hard to Separate, Analyze, or Solve
Complexity typically involves Systems and their interacting phenomena
Systems Thinking is an Essential Facet of Engineering Design Cognition
(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, 2007; Dym et al., 2005;
Katehi, Pearson, & Feder, 2009; Ottino, 2004; Schunn, 2008).
15
16. R
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Thinking
Design
WHAT ARE COMPLEX SYSTEMS?
Complexity Can Be another Ambiguous Term
Complex Systems are:
Dynamic
Adaptive
Emergent
Non-Linear and Iterative
These Systems are also Influenced by:
Multiple Time Scales
Contain interconnected variables
Often Include Human Activity as Another Variable
16
18. R
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Thinking
Design
WHAT IS CONVERGENT THINKING?
Thinking that Focuses on Coming up with the Single, Well-
Established Answer to a Problem (no room for ambiguity)
Convergent Thinking Emphasizes Logic, Accuracy, and
Efficiency
Focuses on Recognizing the Familiar, Reapplying Techniques,
and Accumulating Stored Information.
It is most effective in Situations where an Answer readily Exists
and Simply Needs to be either Recalled or Worked out
through Decision Thinking Strategies.
18
19. R
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Thinking
Design
WHAT IS DIVERGENT THINKING?
A thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by
exploring many possible solutions.
Occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, "non-linear" manner,
such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive
fashion.
Many possible solutions are explored in a short amount of time,
and unexpected connections are drawn.
After the process of divergent thinking has been completed,
ideas and information are organized and structured using
convergent thinking.
19
20. R
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Thinking
Design
PERSONALITY TRAITS OF DIVERGENT
AND CONVERGENT THINKING
Two personality traits were found to be significantly associated
with Divergent Thinking:
Openness
Extraversion
Openness assesses intellectual curiosity, imagination, artistic
interests, liberal attitudes, and originality
No Personality Traits are associated with Convergent Thinking
20
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Design
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Design Thinking, Peter Rowe, (1987)
Change by Design: How Design Thinking Transforms Organizations
and Inspires Innovations, Tim Brown, IDEO, (2009)
The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking is the Next
Competitive Advantage, Roger Martin, Rotman School of Business,
Toronto, (2009)
22
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Thinking
Design
DESIGN THINKING AS A
COGNITIVE STYLE
DESIGN THINKING AS A
GENERAL THEORY OF
DESIGN
DESIGN THINKING AS
AN ORGANIZATIONAL
RESOURCE
Key texts
Cross 1982;
Schon 1983;
Rowe 1987;
Lawson 1997;
Cross 2006; Dorst 2006
Buchanan 1992
Dunne and Martin 2006;
Brown 2009;
Martin 2009;
Bauer and Eagan 2008
Focus
Individual designers,
especially experts
Design as a field or discipline
Business and other
organizations in need of
innovation
Design’s Purpose Problem solving Taming wicked problems Innovation
Key Concepts
Design ability as a form of
intelligence; reflection-in-
action, abductive thinking
Design has no special subject
matter of its own
Visualization, prototyping,
empathy, integrative thinking,
abductive thinking
Nature of design
problems
Design problems are ill-
structured, problem and
solution co-evolve
Design problems are wicked
problems
Organizational problems are
design problems
Sites of design expertise
and activity
Traditional design disciplines Four orders of design
Any context from healthcare to
access to clean water (Brown
and Wyatt 2010)
23
Table 1. Different ways of describing design thinking. Table by Lucy Kimbell
27. R
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Design
DESIGN THINKING
Core Beliefs:
Everyone is Creative Everyone Can Contribute
“User-Centered”
Combining Abductive as well as Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Not about Choosing between Alternatives but generating entirely
new concepts
Represents the Epistemology (the study of knowledge and justified
belief) of Creative Work
27
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Design
CREATIVITY & DESIGN THINKING
Knowing the habits of design thinking and its approaches has
the potential:
of unlocking your creativity
Making you capable of coming-up with routinely wonderful ideas
29
31. R
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Thinking
Design
WHAT IS DESIGN THINKING?
Design Thinking Starts with People
It is about Putting Human Needs at the Center of all we Do
It is about a Simple Mindset Shift
A New Way of Looking at Problems through Empathy and Collaboration
31
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Design
THREE DIFFERENT
BASIC REASONING TYPES
Deductive reasoning deals with certainty and involves
reasoning toward certain conclusions
Inductive reasoning deals with probability and involves
reasoning toward likely conclusions based on data
Abductive reasoning deals with guesswork, involves
reasoning toward possible conclusions based on guesswork (a
best guess), it is a type of reasoning that is used in formulating a
hypothesis for further testing.
32
39. R
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Thinking
Design
DESIGN THINKING
Design Thinking Unfolds in many Iterative loops
To Learn it you have to try it for yourself!
The skills and mindsets of Design Thinking can help you tackle
your biggest challenges and build your creative confidence!
Once you put it into practice and make it your own who knows
what important problems you will be able to solve!
39
40. R
E
Thinking
Design
DESIGN THINKING
To Learn it you have to try it for yourself
The skills and mindsets of Design Thinking can help you tackle
your biggest challenges and build your creative confidence
Once you put it into practice and make it your own who knows
what important problems you will be able to solve!
40
48. R
E
Thinking
Design
QUESTIONING DESIGN THINKING
Industry Observers are Beginning to Question its most
Fundamental Assumptions
Some even Calling it a “Failed Experiments”
The Term has become more Ubiquitous
Dualism between “Thinking” and “Doing” remains
Generalization about a Unified Design Thinking has Failed
The fallacy about “user-centered” yet the designer is still the
main agent within design
48
50. R
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Thinking
Design
ABET DEFINITION OF DESIGN
“Engineering design is a
decision-making process (often iterative),
in which
the basic science and mathematics
and engineering sciences
are applied to convert resources optimally
to meet a stated objective”
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51. R
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Thinking
Design
ABET DEFINITION OF DESIGN
“Among the fundamental elements of
the design process are the
establishment of objectives and
criteria, synthesis, analysis,
construction, testing and evaluation”
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52. R
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Thinking
Design
ABET DEFINITION OF DESIGN
“The engineering design component of a curriculum must include
most of the following features:
development of student creativity,
use of open-ended problems,
development and use of modern design theory and methodology,
formulation of design problem statements and specification,
consideration of alternative solutions,
feasibility considerations, production processes, concurrent engineering
design, and detailed system description”
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53. R
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Thinking
Design
ABET DEFINITION OF DESIGN
“Further it is essential to include
a variety of realistic constraints,
such as economic factors, safety,
reliability, aesthetics, ethics and
social impact."
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54. R
E
Thinking
Design
ABET DEFINITION OF DESIGN
Elsewhere in the ABET criteria for accreditation, they stress the
use of teams in solving problems and performing designs.
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55. R
E
Thinking
Design
OLD ABET DEFINITION OF DESIGN
Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or
process to meet desired needs. It is a decision-making process (often
iterative), in which the basic science and mathematics and engineering
sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated
objective. Among the fundamental elements of the design process are
the establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis,
construction, testing and evaluation. The engineering design
component of a curriculum must include most of the following
features: development of student creativity, use of open-ended
problems, development and use of modern design theory and
methodology, formulation of design problem statements and
specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility
considerations, production processes, concurrent engineering design,
and detailed system description. Further it is essential to include a
variety of realistic constraints, such as economic factors, safety,
reliability, aesthetics, ethics and social impact."
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56. R
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Thinking
Design
NEW DEFINITION –
ADDING CONSIDERING RISK
Engineering Design – Engineering design is a process of
devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs
and specifications within constraints. It is an iterative, creative,
decision-making process in which the basic sciences,
mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert
resources into solutions. Engineering design involves identifying
opportunities, developing requirements, performing analysis and
synthesis, generating multiple solutions, evaluating solutions
against requirements, considering risks, and making trade-offs,
for the purpose of obtaining a high-quality solution under the
given circumstances.
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57. R
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Thinking
Design
THE PHRASE
“FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY”
LISTS EXAMPLES.
For illustrative purposes only, examples of possible constraints
include accessibility, aesthetics, codes, constructability,
cost, ergonomics, extensibility, functionality,
interoperability, legal considerations, maintainability,
manufacturability, marketability, policy, regulations,
schedule, standards, sustainability, or usability
Examples are not mandatory
Examples are not comprehensive
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58. R
E
Thinking
Design
SO#1 REQUIRES
COMPLEX PROBLEMS.
1. an ability to identify, formulate, and solve complex
engineering problems by applying principles of engineering,
science, and mathematics
Programs may not notice the addition of complex
Programs do not need to include all elements of the definition
of complex problems – 1 is sufficient
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59. R
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Thinking
Design
PROBLEM SOLVING MUST ADDRESS
COMPLEX PROBLEMS (SO#1)
Complex Engineering Problems – Complex engineering problems
include one or more of the following characteristics: involving
wide-ranging or conflicting technical issues, having no obvious
solution, addressing problems not encompassed by current
standards and codes, involving diverse groups of stakeholders,
including many component parts or sub-problems, involving
multiple disciplines, or having significant consequences in a
range of contexts.
Only one of the above characteristics is needed.
Programs have freedom to choose where they assess and evaluate
complex problems.
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60. R
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Thinking
Design
SO#2 ALL FACTORS
MUST BE CONSIDERED.
2. an ability to apply engineering design to produce solutions
that meet specified needs with consideration of public health,
safety, and welfare, as well as global, cultural, social,
environmental, and economic factors
List of factors that must be considered – even if all factors do
not influence the specific design
It is expected that at some point in the curriculum the phases
of the design process will be incorporated.
All phases do NOT have to be present in the major design
experience.
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61. R
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Thinking
Design
SO#5 TEAMS CONSIDER FUNCTION,
ENVIRONMENT, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5. an ability to function effectively on a team whose members
together provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive
environment, establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives
Shared leadership
Tools and techniques (schedules, scrum, goal setting, decision
matrices)
Inclusiveness and collaboration can be characterized in
various ways
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62. R
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Thinking
Design
POSSIBLE TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING
COLLABORATIVE AND INCLUSIVE TEAMS
INCLUDE:
1. Videotaping a team meeting and evaluating the team performance using a rubric.
2. Students write descriptions of their contributions and their team members' contributions
indicating how they collaborated and were inclusive. A rubric is often used to evaluate
the description.
3. External clients meet with students over a period of time and evaluate their
contributions and inclusiveness.
4. Use of web-based peer evaluations such as CATME.org or TEAMMATES. The peer
evaluations include specific questions about collaboration and inclusiveness.
5. Verbal feedback from course TAs or instructors about a team's collaboration and
inclusiveness. Students take notes and give evidence to support or refute the feedback.
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63. R
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Thinking
Design
C5 ALSO CLARIFIED THE CULMINATING
MAJOR DESIGN EXPERIENCE INCLUDES
1 AND 2 BELOW.
(d) a culminating major engineering design experience that
1) incorporates appropriate engineering standards and multiple
constraints, and
2) is based on the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier course work.
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